Three-Year Changes in Fitness and Adiposity Are Independently Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Young Danish Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Jago ◽  
Karsten Froberg ◽  
Ashley R. Cooper ◽  
Stig Eiberg ◽  
Lars Bo Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain

Background:It is not clear the extent to which change in adiposity and cardiovascular fitness (CRF) during early childhood are associated with change in cardiovascular risk factors or if associations are independent or interactive.Methods:383 Danish children were examined at ages 6 and 9. CRF, sum of skinfolds (SSF), and blood pressure were assessed. Fasting blood samples were used to calculate total cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C & LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR. Regression models examined whether CRF change or SSF change were independently or interactively associated with risk variables.Results:Change in SSF was independently associated with change in TC (z =4.83, P < .0o1), LDL-C (z =4.38, P < .001), systolic (z = 3.45, P < .001), and diastolic (z = 2.45, P = .014) blood pressure. CRF change was independently associated with change in TC (z =-3.86, P < .001), HDL-C (z =3.85, P < .001), and systolic blood pressure (z = 2.06, P = .040).Conclusions:Change in fitness and adiposity were independently associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors among young children suggesting a need to increase CRF and prevent weight gain early during development to improve cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Diagnosed Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Tarique Shahzad Chachar ◽  
Ummama Laghari ◽  
Ghullam Mustafa Mangrio ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar Dars ◽  
Ruqayya Farhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male And Female

Objective: Our study was designed to compare the gender difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in patients of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in  Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan from December 2019 to December 2020. Blood pressure was measured twice by trained physicians using aneroid sphygmomanometers after a standardized protocol. Patients were asked to sit with both feet on the floor for ≥5 minutes before the first BP measurement. Both the two BP measurements were taken 60 seconds apart.  For this research we defined hypertension as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg. Results:  We conducted a comparison between Hypertensive and nonhypertensive participants of the male and female groups. High blood pressure increased the level of uric acid in both male and female groups (351 ± 92 vs 303 ± 75). We observed that the hypertensive male population reported a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors due to  increase amount of total cholesterol level, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.45 ± 1.01, 1.42 ±  0.85,  2.56 ± 0.70) than females (5.15 ± 0.91, 1.29 ± 0.87, 2.30 ± 0.63). Conclusion: Our results concluded that the male hypertensive population is more prone to future cardiovascular risk due to increased amount of total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and sex hormones (androgens).

scholarly journals Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Debbie Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

scholarly journals Independent role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Bum Won ◽  
Gyung-Min Park ◽  
Yu Jin Yang ◽  
Soe Hee Ann ◽  
Yong-Giun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Abstract Aims Individuals without traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) still experience adverse events in clinical practice. This study evaluated the predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in individuals without traditional CVRFs. Methods and results A total of 1250 (52.8 ± 6.5 years, 46.9% male) asymptomatic individuals without CVRFs who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography for a general health examination were analysed. The following were considered as traditional CVRFs: systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL; total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥160 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2; current smoking status; and previous medical history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Subclinical atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of any coronary plaque, was present in 20.6% cases; the incidences of non-calcified, calcified, and mixed plaque were 9.6%, 12.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LDL-C level [odds ratio (OR): 1.008; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.015], together with age (OR: 1.101; 95% CI: 1.075–1.128) and male sex (OR: 5.574; 95% CI: 3.310–9.388), was associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis (All P < 0.05). LDL-C level was significantly associated with an increased risk of calcified plaques rather than non-calcified or mixed plaques. Conclusion LDL-C, even at levels currently considered within normal range, is independently associated with the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in individuals without traditional CVRFs. Our results suggest that a stricter control of LDL-C levels may be necessary for primary prevention in individuals who are conventionally considered healthy.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Correlation with the Sex and Age of Patients in the Latvian Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Inga Stuķēna ◽  
Andrejs Kalvelis ◽  
Guntis Bahs ◽  
Uldis Teibe ◽  
Pēteris Tretjakovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reactive Protein

Characteristics of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Correlation with the Sex and Age of Patients in the Latvian Population Various cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) were determined in 773 out-patients (mean age 55.8 ± 14.5 years). Male individuals had a larger waist circumference (WC) than did female patients (99.1 ± 13.6 cm vs 93.3 ± 15.2 cm), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (83.6 ± 9.6 mmHg vs 81.8 ± 9.6 mmHg), and higher levels of blood glucose (5.73 ± 1.4 mmol/L vs 5.49 ± 1.3 mmol/L) and triglycerides (TG) (1.89 ± 1.3 mmol/L vs 1.60 ± 1.0 mmol/L), but lower levels of total cholesterol (TC) (5.54 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs 5.79 ± 1.2 mmol/L) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.21 ± 0.4 mmol/L vs 1.44 ± 0.4 mmol/L). Compared with the younger age group (i.e., males, < 7 years; females, < 65 years), patients in the older age group had a larger WC (98.4 ± 14.2 cm vs 92.8 ± 15.1 cm), higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (144.2 ± 19.2 mmHg vs 131.6 ± 18.5 mmHg), higher DBP (84.5 ± 8.8 mmHg vs 80.9 ± 9.8 mmHg), higher blood glucose level (5.74 ± 1.3 mmol/L vs 5.46 ± 1.3 mmol/L), and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C) (3.68 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs 3.52 ± 1.0 mmol/L), but lower HDL-C level (1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L vs 1.41 ± 0.4 mmol/L). Age was significantly correlated with all RFs, with the exception of the level of C-reactive protein. In conclusion, analysis of cardiovascular RFs in different age subgroups of both sexes clearly showed individual peculiarities of risk profile. This conclusion challenges the usual way of risk calculation using "universal" markers like adiposity or dyslipidemia in all population. The new approach requires individual attention depending on sex and age also in management of risk.

scholarly journals Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Offspring and Grandoffspring Health: Bogalusa Daughters

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Harville ◽  
John Apolzan ◽  
Lydia Bazzano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Increased Risk

Both maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain have been associated with cardiovascular health in the offspring beyond two generations. A total of 274 daughters (aged 12–54) of 208 mothers who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study were interviewed about their reproductive history. Mothers’ data was taken from the original study, and cardiovascular measures at the visit prior to pregnancy were correlated with daughter’s measures. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, skinfold, and waist circumference were examined as a predictor of daughters’ blood pressure, lipids, and glucose, as well as a predictor of birthweight and gestational age of grandchildren. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher blood pressure and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol in the daughters. Most maternal cardiometabolic risk factors were not associated with grandchildren’s birth outcomes, even though higher cholesterol and LDL was associated with lower gestational age, and higher BMI and skinfold thickness with an increased risk of preterm birth. In this pilot study, some associations were found between maternal adiposity and cardiovascular risk, daughters’ cardiovascular risk, and grandchild birth outcomes. Lack of conclusive associations could be due to a true lack of effect, effects being primarily mediated through daughter’s BMI, or the low power of the study.

scholarly journals The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Raguindin ◽  
Gion Fränkl ◽  
Oche Adam Itodo ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Ramona Maria Zeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective To determine the difference in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation) according to the neurological level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods We searched 5 electronic databases from inception until July 4, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-defined data collection form. The pooled effect estimate was computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistic and chi-squared test (CRD42020166162). Results We screened 4863 abstracts, of which 47 studies with 3878 participants (3280 males, 526 females, 72 sex unknown) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to paraplegia, individuals with tetraplegia had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted weighted mean difference, −14.5 mmHg, 95% CI −19.2, −9.9; −7.0 mmHg 95% CI −9.2, −4.8, respectively), lower triglycerides (−10.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −19.7, −2.1), total cholesterol (−9.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −14.5, −5.4), high-density lipoprotein (−1.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −3.3, −0.2) and low-density lipoprotein (−5.8 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.0, −2.5). Comparing individuals with high- vs. low-thoracic SCI, persons with higher injury had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−10.3 mmHg, 95% CI −13.4, −7.1; −5.3 mmHg 95% CI −7.5, −3.2, respectively), while no differences were found for low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers. High heterogeneity was partially explained by age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases and medication use, body mass index, sample size, and quality of studies. Conclusion In SCI individuals, the level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Future well-designed longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up and providing sex-stratified analyses should confirm our findings and explore the role of SCI level in cardiovascular health and overall prognosis and survival.

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