scholarly journals Precompetitive Achievement Goals, Stress Appraisals, Emotions, and Coping Among Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Nicholls ◽  
John L. Perry ◽  
Luis Calmeiro
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Stress Appraisals ◽  
Study Support ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Grounded in Lazarus’s (1991, 1999, 2000) cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions, we tested a model of achievement goals, stress appraisals, emotions, and coping. We predicted that precompetitive achievement goals would be associated with appraisals, appraisals with emotions, and emotions with coping in our model. The mediating effects of emotions among the overall sample of 827 athletes and two stratified random subsamples were also explored. The results of this study support our proposed model in the overall sample and the stratified subsamples. Further, emotion mediated the relationship between appraisal and coping. Mediation analyses revealed that there were indirect effects of pleasant and unpleasant emotions, which indicates the importance of examining multiple emotions to reveal a more accurate representation of the overall stress process. Our findings indicate that both appraisals and emotions are just as important in shaping coping.

scholarly journals Analysing the Relationship Between Mental Load or Mental Effort and Metacomprehension Under Different Conditions of Multimedia Design

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Schnaubert ◽  
Sascha Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Multimedia Design ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Multimedia Material ◽  
Metacognitive Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive load theory assumes effort may only lead to comprehension if the material-induced load leaves enough resources for learning processes. Therefore, multimedia materials should induce as little non-relevant load as possible. Metacognition research assumes that learners tap into their memory processes to generate a mental representation of their comprehension to regulate learning. However, when judging their comprehension, learners need to make inferences about actual understanding using cues such as their experienced mental load and effort during learning. Theoretical assumptions would assume both to affect understanding and its metacognitive representation (metacomprehension). However, the question remains how perceived effort and load are related to metacomprehension judgments while learning with multimedia learning material. Additionally, it remains unclear if this varies under different conditions of multimedia design. To better understand the relationship between perceived mental load and effort and comprehension and metacomprehension under different design conditions of multimedia material, we conducted a randomised between-subjects study (N = 156) varying the design of the learning material (text-picture integrated, split attention, active integration). Mediation analyses testing for both direct and indirect effects of mental load and effort on metacomprehension judgments showed various effects. Beyond indirect effects via comprehension, both mental load and effort were directly related to metacomprehension, however, this seems to vary under different conditions of multimedia design, at least for mental effort. As the direction of effect can only be theoretically assumed, but was not empirically tested, follow-up research needs to identify ways to manipulate effort and load perceptions without tinkering with metacognitive processes directly. Despite the limitations due to the correlative design, this research has implications for our understanding of cognitive and metacognitive processes during learning with multimedia.

An Examination of the Role of Ethics in Tax Compliance Decisions

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charlene Henderson ◽  
Steven E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
Ethical Orientations ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ethical Evaluations ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Compliance Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ethical beliefs and tax compliance is well documented, but extant research has not explored the relationships among general ethical beliefs, contextual ethical beliefs, and tax compliance behavior. In this study we propose a model that is intended to clarify the mechanisms through which ethical beliefs impact tax compliance. In the model, contextual ethical beliefs represent the mechanism through which individuals' general ethical beliefs impact tax compliance behavior. The model is tested using participants' ethical orientations as measures of their general ethical beliefs and using participants' ethical evaluations of others' tax compliance decisions as measures of their contextual ethical beliefs. Tax compliance behavior is inferred from participants' estimates of the likelihood that they would evade. Overall, the findings from our study support the proposed model. Ethical orientations are directly related to ethical evaluations; ethical evaluations directly predict tax compliance behavior; and finally, ethical orientations are indirectly related to tax compliance behavior. That is, ethical orientations influence tax compliance behavior, but only through their influence on ethical evaluations. We believe that the proposed model provides an important contribution by providing a framework that outlines the routes through which ethical beliefs impact tax compliance.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Coaching Behavior and Athlete Burnout: Mediating Effects of Communication and the Coach–Athlete Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8618
Author(s):  
Hunhyuk Choi ◽  
Yunduk Jeong ◽  
Suk-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Team Communication ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between perceived coaching behavior (autonomy-supportive and controlling), communication, coach–athlete relationship, and athlete burnout. The study participants comprised 347 Korean active collegiate athletes from 10 sports. The results of the final model indicated that autonomy-supportive coaching was positively related to communication, whereas controlling coaching was negatively related to communication. Communication was positively related to coach–athlete relationship and was negatively related to athlete burnout. Autonomy-supportive coaching was significantly related to both the coach–athlete relationship (positively) and athlete burnout (negatively), whereas controlling coaching was only related to athlete burnout (positively). Coach–athlete relationship was negatively related to athlete burnout. Significant indirect effects were observed. The bootstrapping results indicated that the relationship between autonomy-supportive and athlete burnout was mediated by team communication and the coach–athlete relationship. The study findings enhance our current understanding of the relationships between perceived coaching behavior and athlete burnout and shed light on the important roles of team communication and the coach–athlete relationship in the relationship.

scholarly journals THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF AWARENESS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCUREMENT MANUAL COMPLIANCE’S BARRIERS AND COST PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Nafiu Zadawa ◽  
Abdul Aziz Hussin ◽  
Atasya Osmadi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cost Aspect

Public Procurement Manual (PPM) are the procedural guidelines for executing public procurement practices including construction procurement. Compliance with PPM among construction procurement parties has been facing serious challenges which affects the performance of construction projects especially cost aspect. This study identified fraudulent practices as the major procurement manual compliances’ barriers affecting cost performance of construction projects. The paper examines the mediating effects of awareness on procurement manual compliance’s barriers affecting cost performance. Data was collected from the procurement entities of nine selected Nigerian federal universities. A mediation analysis was performed via bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence interval approach using Process Macro package. The indirect effects obtained was positive and different from zero, and the confidence interval within which the effect occur do not include zero indicating that awareness can mitigate the effects of fraudulent practices been compliance barriers affecting cost performance of construction projects.

IMAGERY, PERSONALITY AND INJURY PERCEPTION IN SPORT – MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF INJURY PERCEPTION AND IMAGERY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska ◽  
Karol Karasiewicz ◽  
Tatiana Kukiełko
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Athletic Injury ◽  
Short Version ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Imagery is an often used technique in psychological mental training and here also during rehabilitation. Imagery ability enhances imagery use. The perception of injury but also individual differences themselves influence the rehabilitation outcome. The first purpose of the study was to examine the mediation effect of injury perception between general imagery and rehabilitation imagery. Our second aim was to examine the mediating effects of the general ten dency to employ imagery within the relationship between personality and the imagery of rehabilitation itself. The studyinvolved 56 athletes (37 men and 19 women) suffered a physical injury. The respondents were asked to provide demographic information and then to complete following questionnaires: The Athletic Injury ImageryQuestionnaire-AIIQ-2, (Sordoni et al., 2002), The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire (Budnik-Przybylska, 2014) – short version, and Blecharz’s Scale of Perception of Injury in Sport (SPUwS) (Blecharz, 2008). Series of mediation analyses were performed to estimate the strength of the indirect relationship between the general tendency to use imagery and the use of imagery in rehabilitation. It was fund that the general tendency to use imagery turned out to have a strong direct effect on rehabilitation imagery. Reflection and seeking positive sides turned out to be a mediator between general tendency to use imagery and all rehabilitation imagery dimensions. Reflection has the strongest effect between the general tendency to use imagery and cognitive specific imagery. General tendency to use imagery mediates the relationship between personality and imagery of rehabilitation. Some personality traits also influence directly imagery of rehabilitation. Our findings have revealed that the general tendency to use ima - gery may strengthen the relationship between personality and rehabilitation imagery. It may help to adjust the methods which might positively influence the rehabilitation process.

scholarly journals The Mediating Roles of Acceptance and Cognitive Reappraisal in the Relation Between Hope and Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents After the Ya'an Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xinchun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Previous theoretical research has indicated that hope, cognitive reappraisal, and acceptance may contribute to posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, the combined effects of these factors on PTG have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the current study examined the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Ya'an earthquake. The sample included 397 adolescent survivors, who completed self-report measures 2.5 years after the earthquake. The mediating effects were assessed by constructing a multiple indirect effects model. The findings indicated that traumatic exposure only have predictive value for PTG, but not other variables. Moreover, when we controlled for gender, age, and traumatic exposure, hope had a direct and positive effect on PTG. We found an indirect and positive effect of hope on PTG via cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, as well as via an indirect path from cognitive reappraisal to acceptance. These findings suggest that utilising the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG is crucial in developing methods for fostering PTG.

Injury and Depression: The Mediating Effects of Self-Concept

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Seff ◽  
Viktor Gecas ◽  
Margaret P. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Work Limitation ◽  
The Relationship

This study further specifies the relationship between injury, self-conceptions, and depression. With the use of path analysis, we look at the direct and indirect effects of pain and work limitation associated with a job-related injury on self-efficacy, self-esteem and depression for a sample of injured workers (N = 1,037). As expected, we found that self-efficacy and self-esteem are negatively associated with depression, while work limitation and pain are positively associated with depression. We also found that work limitation has additional indirect effects on depression through its effect on self-efficacy and self-esteem. Pain has an additional indirect effect on depression via its effect on self-efficacy and work limitation. These findings support our expectation that self-concept significantly mediates the relationship between physical injury and depression.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Mindfulness And Mental Health: A Mediating Model of Sense of Purpose In Life Among Graduate Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibin Wang ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Junjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between mindfulness and mental health of graduate students and the mediating effects of sense of purpose in life on mindfulness and mental health.The participants include 419 graduate students from 6 universities in China.The Hayes Process is adopted to analyze the effects of the sense of purpose in life on mindfulness and mental health of graduate students.The results reveals that mindfulness can predict the mental health of graduate students positively and significantly.The sense of purpose in life is found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and mental health.In further moderated mediation analyses,the effect of mindfulness on mental health can be adjusted by family economic condition.The type of degree can adjust the effect of mindfulness on sense of purpose,and professional interest can adjust the mediating effect of sense of purpose.Finally,this study discusses several empirical and methodological implications of the findings.

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