Divided Loyalty? An Analysis of Fantasy Football Involvement and Fan Loyalty to Individual National Football League (NFL) Teams

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Team Loyalty ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Fantasy football participation is an extremely-popular, yet unique online activity that combines traditional sport fandom with interactive components to enhance a fan’s overall sport experience. The player-specific concentration of the game, however, has the potential to alter traditional team-focused loyalties that have driven sport consumer behavior inquiry for decades. Due to this intriguing circumstance, this study investigated the relationship between fantasy football involvement and traditional NFL fan loyalty. In addition, given the varying levels of fantasy participation, this study examined factors that predict differing levels of involvement among fantasy owners. The results suggest a positive relationship between involvement and attitudinal loyalty and a nonstandard relationship between a highly-involved fantasy football participant’s attitudes and behaviors, especially with regard to team loyalty. Discussed are the theoretical repercussions of this conceptual disconnect, the potential for future research, and practical implications for the future marketing of individual teams, leagues, and fantasy-related applications.

The Impact of Fantasy Football Involvement on Intentions to Watch National Football League Games on Television

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Attitude Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The business of fantasy football is a multibillion dollar-per-year industry. However, academic inquiry into the distinct attitudes and intentions of fantasy football participants is underdeveloped. Therefore, following Fazio, Powell, and Herr’s proposed attitude–behavior framework, this study examined the relationship between sport fans’ attitudes, fantasy football involvement level, and intentions to watch the televised broadcast of National Football League (NFL) games. The results suggest that fantasy football is a noteworthy connection point for NFL fans. Specifically, fantasy participation appears to duplicate the positive and negative attitudes of traditional team fandom, and this replication ultimately increases television viewership throughout the league. Thus, instead of competing with traditional team-focused professional-football viewership, fantasy football appears to be a complementary or value-adding activity. Discussed are theoretical outcomes, as well as the practical implications for sport marketers and media providers looking to capitalize on this highly popular and lucrative online activity.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Behavioral Loyalty and Attitudinal Loyalty: Malaysian’s Intention on Counterfeit Clothing and Footwear

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Ng Cheng San ◽  
Choy Johnn Yee
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Marketing Intelligence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The research aim to clarify the relationship of brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral loyalty with the Malaysian purchase intention on pirated clothing and footwear in order to gain better understanding in developing advance countermeasure.Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A quantitative research is used to obtain the first hand information. 380 sets of personally- administrated questionnaires were distributed in Malaysia -Penang’s Batu Ferringhi Night Market. A variety of statistical analysis techniques were used.Findings: The findings suggested brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral have a significant relationship with the purchase intention of counterfeit products. Under the two brand loyalty concepts, the behavioral loyalty had a greater negative association with the consumer intention on counterfeit.  Practical implications: The paper provided in dept knowledge about the consumers motivation on counterfeit products and the information of marketing intelligence strategy-branding which available for the marketers and genuine manufacturers in better eradicate the counterfeit activities.Research Limitations: The paper was primarily focus on the counterfeit clothing and footwear. Although the focus and sample size is adequate and accepted but the generalizability of study may be limited and cannot consider as representative collectively for the whole of Malaysia and other pirated products. Secondly, the quantitative research used had limited the further insight of other unknown variables or factors that do not included. 

Toward better theory on the relationship between commitment, participation and leadership in unions

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Gall ◽  
Jack Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Union Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to give a critique of the extant literature on union commitment and participation in order to develop remedies to identified weaknessesDesign/methodology/approachThe paper uses a critical assessment of extant literature.FindingsA number of critical deficiencies exist in the literature to which remedies are proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThe remedies need testing through empirical research.Practical implicationsFuture research needs to have different research foci and questions.Social implicationsWith a reorientation of future research on union commitment, participation and leadership, unions may be better able to benefit from academic research in the area.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that a reorientation of future research on union commitment, participation and leadership will allow more incisive and more robust contributions to be made to understanding unions as complex social organisms.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship between the Marine Experience Factors and the Satisfaction Index of the Northeast Asian Sea Region in the PKNU Maritime Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minho Yang ◽  
Joonhwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Basic Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This study used the experience satisfaction index from the PKNU Maritime Index to examine Koreans' preference for marine experience and use the findings as basic data for policymaking in the future. The PKNU Maritime Index of Koreans was 585.3 out of 1,000, and the experience satisfaction index was 63.6. By focusing on the experience satisfaction index, this study confirmed that the PKNU Maritime Index had changed dynamically. The analysis showed that compared to the sub-domains of the PKNU Maritime Index, the degree of experience satisfaction had continued to increase after the introduction of the index. This paper further studied the correlation and influence between the marine experience factors and the satisfaction index. Above all, this study's results are expected to provide practical implications for establishing policy alternatives related to marine experience in the Northeast Asian sea region and be used as basic data for future research.

An Examination of Partitioned Pricing and the Influence of Culture and Familiarity on Sport Consumer Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misun Won ◽  
Stephen Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Partitioned Pricing ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
The Relationship

Prior research has examined consumer behavior toward partitioned pricing in various capacities, including types and number of surcharges and the use of dollars versus percentages. Given the fact partitioned pricing is not employed in every country, this investigation focused on consumer behavior toward this pricing strategy based on familiarity with partitioned pricing and cultural differences. An experimental design was implemented to examine South Korean and US sport consumers’ attitudes and behaviors related to ticket prices for a mega-sporting event. The findings showed all-inclusive pricing, in general, is preferred and culture does not significantly impact consumer behavior in this context. Additionally, familiarity moderated the relationship between cultural differences and consumer behavior. Consumers who were familiar with partitioned pricing were more attracted to partitioned pricing ticket offers and had higher purchase intentions compared to consumers who were less familiar with the practice. Implications of these findings are discussed along with directions for future research.

The effect of talent management and human capital on sustainable business performance: an empirical investigation in Malaysian hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwan Abdulwahab AlQershi ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy ◽  
Gamal Abdualmajed Ali ◽  
Hussein Abu Al-Rejal ◽  
Amr Al-Ganad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the mediating role of human capital on the talent management in hospitals’ sustainable business performance in the health-care sector of Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The study used a quantitative approach, with an initial sample of 174 Malaysian hospitals. The theoretical framework was based on previous studies of talent management (TM), human capital (HC) and sustainable business performance (SBP). Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the study’s hypotheses. Findings Talent management mindset (TMM), but not talent management strategy (TMS), has a significant relationship with HC and SBP. HC has a significant direct relationship with SBP, and also mediates the relationship between TMM and SBP but not between TMS and SBP. Research limitations/implications This work is one of a limited number of studies to empirically address TM, HC and SBP in this context. The study is limited to Malaysian hospitals. It provides theoretical contributions by broadening the knowledge of HC, TM and the multifocal perspective of hospitals’ SBP, a relevant but underexplored issue, offering several avenues for future research. Practical implications The findings have beneficial practical implications for both policy makers and managers. First, focusing on talented people will directly improve sustainable performance in the Malaysian health sector. The findings also have important theoretical implications both for Malaysia and countries in similar situations. The study will serve as a reference point for such countries in trying to understand factors influencing SBP. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the mediating effect of HC on the relationship between talent management and hospitals’ sustainable business performance in Malaysia, or worldwide.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Influence of Internal Marketing on Service Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Soheila Raeisi ◽  
Nur Suhaili Ramli ◽  
Meng Lingjie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper aims aimed to present the trends of the literature review in internal marketing and service innovation between 1990 and 2016. The significant reason to conduct this research is that significant variables of internal marketing to link with service innovation are not clearly defined. This research yielded 22 systematic reviews of articles in the Scopus library and adopted a thematic analysis to analyze the data collected. This study provides provided answers to research questions by elaborating on overall trends, objectives, theoretical framework, methodologies, and potential variables that strongly connect between internal marketing and service innovation. While sample sizes are limited to this paper, it suggests suggested fruitful recommendations for future research to overcome this limitation. This research has had two practical implications for managers to redefine their roles and the relationship between members of the organization and to help managers and the firms to consider internal marketing efforts towards motivation, organizational culture, and organizational learning.

Preserving Relationship Cardinality Constraints in Relational Schemata

2002 ◽  
pp. 66-112
Author(s):  
Dolores Cuadra ◽  
Carlos Nieto ◽  
Paloma Martinez ◽  
Elena Castro ◽  
Manuel Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Relational Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Cardinality Constraint ◽  
Cardinality Constraints ◽  
Active Rules ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter is devoted to the study of the transformation of conceptual into logical schemata in a methodological framework focusing on a special ER construct: the relationship and its associated cardinality constraints. The section entitled “EER Model Revised: relationships and cardinality constraint” reviews the relationship and cardinality constraint constructs through different methodological approaches to establish the cardinality constraint definition that will be followed in next sections. The section “Transformation of EER Schemata into Relational Schemata” is related to the transformation of conceptual n-ary relationships (n³2) into the relational model following an active rules approach. Finally, several practical implications as well as future research paths are presented.

Facilitating the application of auditors’ underlying skeptical disposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Jahanzeb Khan ◽  
Noel Harding
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Schwartz Value Survey ◽  
Auditor Judgments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Motivated by ongoing calls for auditors to exercise an elevated level of professional skepticism, this paper aims to examine the relationship between basic human values (values) and an underlying skeptical disposition (trait skepticism). Understanding the values that are associated with levels of trait skepticism will help in the design of audit environments that make the application of an underlying skeptical disposition more likely. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered in which 140 postgraduate auditing students responded to the Schwartz value survey to measure the relative importance of different values, and the Hurtt trait skepticism scale to measure trait skepticism. The relative importance of the ten values was regressed against trait skepticism. Findings This study finds that the importance placed in the values of tradition and power, relative to other values, is negatively associated with levels of trait skepticism. Research limitations/implications The use of postgraduate auditing students as participants may limit the generalizability of the study’s findings. Practical implications Qualified by the need for future research to test the generalizability of the findings to an audit practitioner sample, the results of this study suggest that auditors with higher levels of trait skepticism may experience negative affect in environments that emphasize values of power and tradition. To the extent that current audit environments emphasize tradition and power, the results may help explain why trait skepticism is not consistently reflected in audit judgments and actions. Originality/value The affective implications of the environment within which auditors exercise professional skepticism is emerging as an important area by which to understand and improve audit quality. By identifying the values that those with a high skeptical disposition place relatively less importance in, this study informs an understanding of the circumstances where an underlying skeptical disposition is more or less likely to be reflected in auditor judgments and actions.

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