Lower Extremity EMG in Male and Female College Soccer Players during Single-Leg Landing

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Joe M. Hart ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri ◽  
D. Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Peak Knee

Context:Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been studied as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women.Objective:To compare root-mean-square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) of selected lower extremity muscles at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee internal-rotation (IR) moment in men and women during landing.Design:Preexperimental design static-group comparison.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:16 varsity college soccer players (8 men, 8 women).Main Outcome Measures:EMG activity of the gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during landing.Results:When RMS EMG of all muscles was considered simultaneously, no significant differences were detected between genders at IC or at peak knee IR moment.Conclusion:Male and female college soccer players display similar relative muscle activities of the lower extremity during landing. Gender landing-control parameters might vary depending on the technique used to analyze muscle activity.

Lower Extremity Joint Moments of Collegiate Soccer Players Differ between Genders during a Forward Jump

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Hart ◽  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Riann Palmieri-Smith ◽  
D. Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

Context:Lower extremity kinetics while performing a single-leg forward jump landing may help explain gender biased risk for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.Objective:Gender comparison of lower extremity joint angles and moments.Design:Static groups comparison.Setting:Motion analysis laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:8 male and 8 female varsity, collegiate soccer athletes.Intervention:5 single-leg landings from a 100cm forward jump.Main Outcome Measures:Peak and initial contact external joint moments and joint angles of the ankle, knee, and hip.Results:At initial heel contact, males exhibited a adduction moment whereas females exhibited a abduction moment at the hip. Females also had significantly less peak hip extension moment and significantly less peak hip internal rotation moment than males had. Females exhibited greater knee adduction and hip internal rotation angles than men did.Conclusions:When decelerating from a forward jump, gender differences exist in forces acting at the hip.

Comparison of Knee-Joint Moments in Male and Female College Soccer Players during a Single-Leg Landing

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Joe M. Hart ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri ◽  
D. Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Movement Differences

Context:Although kinematic analyses are helpful in describing movement differences between genders, kinetic data might further explain the predisposing factors contributing to potential injury during athletic landing maneuvers.Objective:To determine whether there are differences in knee moments between male and female varsity college soccer players during a single-leg landing.Design:Preexperimental with static group comparison.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:16 varsity college soccer players (8 men, 8 women).Intervention:Subjects performed 5 single-leg landings from a height of 60 cm.Main Outcome Measures:Peak internal rotation, valgus, varus, and extension knee moments calculated from raw ground-reaction forces and kinematic data.Results:Significant gender differences were present (P= .020), with men exhibiting 31% greater mean peak knee-varus moments than women when landing on a single leg from 60 cm (P= .020).Conclusions:Male soccer players demonstrate greater knee-varus moments than female soccer players during single-leg landing. This might be valuable in designing clinical treatment and prevention programs for ACL injuries.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Activation and Knee Flexion During a Jump-Landing Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Walsh ◽  
Michelle C. Boling ◽  
Melanie McGrath ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
Darin A. Padua
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Decreased sagittal-plane motion at the knee during dynamic tasks has been reported to increase impact forces during landing, potentially leading to knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Objective: To describe the relationship between lower extremity muscle activity and knee-flexion angle during a jump-landing task. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty recreationally active volunteers (15 men, 15 women: age = 21.63 ± 2.01 years, height = 173.95 ± 11.88 cm, mass = 72.57 ± 14.25 kg). Intervention(s): Knee-flexion angle and lower extremity muscle activity were collected during 10 trials of a jump-landing task. Main Outcome Measure(s): Simple correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each knee-flexion variable (initial contact, peak, and displacement) and electromyographic amplitude of the gluteus maximus (GMAX), quadriceps (VMO and VL), hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps : hamstring (Q : H) ratio. Separate forward stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to determine which combination of muscle activity variables predicted each knee-flexion variable. Results: During preactivation, VMO and GMAX activity and the Q : H ratio were negatively correlated with knee-flexion angle at initial contact (VMO: r = −0.382, P = .045; GMAX: r = −0.385, P = .043; Q : H ratio: r = −0.442, P = .018). The VMO, VL, and GMAX deceleration values were negatively correlated with peak knee-flexion angle (VMO: r = −0.687, P = .001; VL: r = −0.467, P = .011; GMAX: r = −0.386, P = .043). The VMO and VL deceleration values were negatively correlated with knee-flexion displacement (VMO: r = −0.631, P = .001; VL: r = −0.453, P = .014). The Q : H ratio and GM activity predicted 34.7% of the variance in knee-flexion angle at initial contact (P = .006). The VMO activity predicted 47.1% of the variance in peak knee-flexion angle (P = .001). The VMO and VL activity predicted 49.5% of the variance in knee-flexion displacement (P = .001). Conclusions: Greater quadriceps and GMAX activation and less hamstrings and gastrocnemius activation were correlated with smaller knee-flexion angles. This landing strategy may predispose an individual to increased impact forces due to the negative influence on knee-flexion position.

Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Treadmill Running at the Same Speeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Matthew Silvers ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
D. Clark Dickin ◽  
Garry Killgore ◽  
Dennis G. Dolny
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Context:Muscle activation during aquatic treadmill (ATM) running has not been examined, despite similar investigations for other modes of aquatic locomotion and increased interest in ATM running.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to compare normalized (percentage of maximal voluntary contraction; %MVC), absolute duration (aDUR), and total (tACT) lower-extremity muscle activity during land treadmill (TM) and ATM running at the same speeds.Design:Exploratory, quasi-experimental, crossover design.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:12 healthy recreational runners (age = 25.8 ± 5 y, height = 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 71.5 ± 11.5 kg, running experience = 8.2 ± 5.3 y) volunteered for participation.Intervention:All participants performed TM and ATM running at 174.4, 201.2, and 228.0 m/min while surface electromyographic data were collected from the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and biceps femoris.Main Outcome Measures:For each muscle, a 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the main effects and environment–speed interaction (P ≤ .05) of each dependent variable: %MVC, aDUR, and tACT.Results:Compared with TM, ATM elicited significantly reduced %MVC (−44.0%) but increased aDUR (+213.1%) and tACT (+41.9%) in the vastus medialis, increased %MVC (+48.7%) and aDUR (+128.1%) in the rectus femoris during swing phase, reduced %MVC (−26.9%) and tACT (−40.1%) in the gastrocnemius, increased aDUR (+33.1%) and tACT (+35.7%) in the tibialis anterior, and increased aDUR (+41.3%) and tACT (+29.2%) in the biceps femoris. At faster running speeds, there were significant increases in tibialis anterior %MVC (+8.6−15.2%) and tACT (+12.7−17.0%) and rectus femoris %MVC (12.1−26.6%; swing phase).Conclusion:No significant environment–speed interaction effects suggested that observed muscle-activity differences between ATM and TM were due to environmental variation, ie, buoyancy (presumed to decrease %MVC) and drag forces (presumed to increase aDUR and tACT) in the water.

scholarly journals Effects of 12-week cadence retraining on impact peak, load rates and lower extremity biomechanics in running

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9813
Author(s):  
Junqing Wang ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Boyi Dai ◽  
Weijie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Impact Peak ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics

Background Excessive impact peak forces and vertical load rates are associated with running injuries and have been targeted in gait retraining studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of 12-week cadence retraining on impact peak, vertical load rates and lower extremity biomechanics during running. Methods Twenty-four healthy male recreational runners were randomised into either a 12-week cadence retraining group (n = 12), which included those who ran with a 7.5% increase in preferred cadence, or a control group (n = 12), which included those who ran without any changes in cadence. Kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded simultaneously to quantify impact force variables and lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Results Significantly decreased impact peak (1.86 ± 0.30 BW vs. 1.67 ± 0.27 BW, P = 0.003), vertical average load rates (91.59 ± 18.91 BW/s vs. 77.31 ± 15.12 BW/s, P = 0.001) and vertical instantaneous load rates (108.8 ± 24.5 BW/s vs. 92.8 ± 18.5 BW/s, P = 0.001) were observed in the cadence retraining group, while no significant differences were observed in the control group. Foot angles (18.27° ± 5.59° vs. 13.74° ± 2.82°, P = 0.003) and vertical velocities of the centre of gravity (CoG) (0.706 ± 0.115 m/s vs. 0.652 ± 0.091 m/s, P = 0.002) significantly decreased in the cadence retraining group at initial contact, but not in the control group. In addition, vertical excursions of the CoG (0.077 ± 0.01 m vs. 0.069 ± 0.008 m, P = 0.002) and peak knee flexion angles (38.6° ± 5.0° vs. 36.5° ± 5.5°, P < 0.001) significantly decreased whilst lower extremity stiffness significantly increased (34.34 ± 7.08 kN/m vs. 38.61 ± 6.51 kN/m, P = 0.048) in the cadence retraining group. However, no significant differences were observed for those variables in the control group. Conclusion Twelve-week cadence retraining significantly increased the cadence of the cadence retraining group by 5.7%. This increased cadence effectively reduced impact peak and vertical average/instantaneous load rates. Given the close relationship between impact force variables and running injuries, increasing the cadence as a retraining method may potentially reduce the risk of impact-related running injuries.

Age and Gender Effects on Lower Extremity Kinematics of Youth Soccer Players in a Stop-Jump Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1356-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yu ◽  
Scott B. McClure ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽  
Donald T. Kirkendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Hip Flexion

Background Gender differences in lower extremity motion patterns were previously identified as a possible risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sports. Hypothesis Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics in the stop-jump task are functions of age for youth soccer players between 11 and 16 years of age. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional videographic data were collected for 30 male and 30 female adolescent soccer players between 11 and 16 years of age performing a stop-jump task. The age effects on hip and knee joint angular motions were compared between genders using multiple regression analyses with dummy variables. Results Gender and age have significant interaction effects on standing height (P = .00), body mass (P = .00), knee flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground (P = .00), maximum knee flexion angle (P = .00), knee valgus-varus angle (P = .00), knee valgus-varus motion (P = .00), and hip flexion angle at initial foot contact with the ground (P = .00). Conclusion Youth female recreational soccer players have decreased knee and hip flexion angles at initial ground contact and decreased knee and hip flexion motions during the landing of the stop-jump task compared to those of their male counterparts. These gender differences in knee and hip flexion motion patterns of youth recreational soccer players occur after 12 years of age and increase with age before 16 years. Clinical Relevance The results of this study provide significant information for research on the prevention of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Lower Extremity EMG Activity of Collegiate Soccer Players Does Not Differ Between Genders During Single-Leg Landing

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S347
Author(s):  
J C. Garrison ◽  
Joe M. Hart ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri ◽  
D Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emg Activity

scholarly journals Anticipatory Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromechanics During a Cutting Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Meinerz ◽  
Philip Malloy ◽  
Christopher F. Geiser ◽  
Kristof Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
External Rotator

Context  Continued research into the mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury helps to improve clinical interventions and injury-prevention strategies. A better understanding of the effects of anticipation on landing neuromechanics may benefit training interventions. Objective  To determine the effects of anticipation on lower extremity neuromechanics during a single-legged land-and-cut task. Design  Controlled laboratory study. Setting  University biomechanics laboratory. Participants  Eighteen female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate soccer players (age = 19.7 ± 0.8 years, height = 167.3 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 66.1 ± 2.1 kg). Intervention(s)  Participants performed a single-legged land-and-cut task under anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s)  Three-dimensional initial contact angles, peak joint angles, and peak internal joint moments and peak vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal-plane energy absorption of the 3 lower extremity joints; muscle activation of selected hip- and knee-joint muscles. Results  Unanticipated cuts resulted in less knee flexion at initial contact and greater ankle toe-in displacement. Unanticipated cuts were also characterized by greater internal hip-abductor and external-rotator moments and smaller internal knee-extensor and external-rotator moments. Muscle-activation profiles during unanticipated cuts were associated with greater activation of the gluteus maximus during the precontact and landing phases. Conclusions  Performing a cutting task under unanticipated conditions changed lower extremity neuromechanics compared with anticipated conditions. Most of the observed changes in lower extremity neuromechanics indicated the adoption of a hip-focused strategy during the unanticipated condition.

scholarly journals Association of Quadriceps and Hamstrings Cocontraction Patterns With Knee Joint Loading

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith ◽  
Scott G. McLean ◽  
James A. Ashton-Miller ◽  
Edward M. Wojtys
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction

Abstract Context: Sex differences in neuromuscular control of the lower extremity have been identified as a potential cause for the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes compared with male athletes. Women tend to land in greater knee valgus with higher abduction loads than men. Because knee abduction loads increase ACL strain, the inability to minimize these loads may lead to ACL failure. Objective: To investigate the activation patterns of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles with respect to the peak knee abduction moment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neuromuscular research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-one recreationally active adults (11 women, 10 men). Main Outcome Measure(s): Volunteers performed 3 trials of a 100-cm forward hop. During the hop task, we recorded surface electromyographic data from the medial and lateral hamstrings and quadriceps and recorded lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Lateral and medial quadriceps-to-hamstrings (Q∶H) cocontraction indices, the ratio of medial-to-lateral Q∶H cocontraction, normalized root mean square electromyographic data for medial and lateral quadriceps and hamstrings, and peak knee abduction moment were calculated and used in data analyses. Results: Overall cocontraction was lower in women than in men, whereas activation was lower in the medial than in the lateral musculature in both sexes (P &lt; .05). The medial Q∶H cocontraction index (R2  =  0.792) accounted for a significant portion of the variance in the peak knee abduction moment in women (P  =  .001). Women demonstrated less activation in the vastus medialis than in the vastus lateralis (P  =  .49) and less activation in the medial hamstrings than in the lateral hamstrings (P  =  .01). Conclusions: Medial-to-lateral Q∶H cocontraction appears to be unbalanced in women, which may limit their ability to resist abduction loads. Because higher abduction loads increase strain on the ACL, restoring medial-to-lateral Q∶H cocontraction balance in women may help reduce ACL injury risk.

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