Concurrent Validity of Resting Pulse-Rate Measurements: A Comparison of 2 Smartphone Applications, the Polar H7 Belt Monitor, and a Pulse Oximeter With Bluetooth

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Cheatham ◽  
Morey J. Kolber ◽  
Michael P. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Active Adults

Context:Pulse rate is commonly measured manually or with commercial wrist or belt monitors. More recently, pulse-rate monitoring has become convenient with the use of mobile technology that allows monitoring through a smartphone camera. This optical technology offers many benefits, although the clinimetric properties have not been extensively studied.Design:Observational study of reliability.Setting:University kinesiology laboratory.Participants:30 healthy, recreationally active adults.Intervention:Concurrent measurement of pulse rate using 2 smartphone applications (fingertip, face-scan,) with the Polar H7 belt and pulse oximeter.Main Outcome Measure:Average resting pulse rate for 5 min in 3 positions (supine, sitting, and prone).Results:Concurrent validity in supine and standing was good between the 2 applications and the Polar H7 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] .80–.98) and pulse oximeter (ICC .82–98). For sitting, the validity was good between the fingertip application, Polar H7 (ICC .97), and pulse oximeter (ICC .97). The face-scan application had moderate validity with the Polar H7 (ICC .74) and pulse oximeter (ICC .69). The minimal detectable change (MDC90) between the fingertip application and Polar H7 ranged from 1.38 to 4.36 beats/min (BPM) and from 0.69 to 2.97 BPM for the pulse oximeter with both positions. The MDC90 between the face-scan application and Polar H7 ranged from 11.88 to 12.83 BPM and from 0.59 to 17.72 BPM for the pulse oximeter. The 95% limits of agreement suggest that the fingertip application may vary between 2.40 and 3.59 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 3.40 and 3.42 BPM with the pulse oximeter. The face-scan application may vary between 3.46 and 3.52 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 2.54 and 3.46 BPM with the pulse oximeter.Conclusion:Pulse-rate measurements may be effective using a fingertip application, belt monitor, and pulse oximeter. The fingertip scanner showed superior results compared with the face scanner, which only demonstrated modest validity compared with the Polar H7 and pulse oximeter.

Concurrent Validity of Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurements: A Preliminary Analysis of an iPad Pulse Oximeter and Traditional Pulse Oximeter Using Bluetooth

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Scott Cheatham ◽  
Morey J. Kolber ◽  
Michael P. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Context:Pulse oximetry has become mobile with the use of smartphone and Bluetooth wireless technology. This technology offers many benefits but has not been extensively studied. There is a need to further validate its clinimetric properties for health professionals to provide proper guidance to patients.Objective:This investigation assessed the concurrent validity of the iSpO2pulse oximeter against a traditional pulse oximeter in measuring short-term resting blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate.Design:Observational study of reliability.Setting:University kinesiology laboratory.Participants:Thirty healthy, recre-ationally active adults (18 men, 12 women; mean age = 25.7 ± 5.46 years, mean height = 170.3cm ± 9.51, mean body mass = 76.4 kg ± 19.33).Intervention:Resting measurement of SpO2and pulse rate using the iSpO2pulse oximeter with the iPad Mini and a traditional pulse oximeter with Bluetooth.Main Outcome Measure:Resting SpO2and pulse rate were concurrently measured over 5 min.Results:The concurrent validity between the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeter was moderate for measuring SpO2, intraclass correlation coeffcient (ICC)(3, 1) = .73,SEM= 0.70%, and good for pulse rate, ICC(3, 1) = .97,SEM= 1.74 beats per minute (bpm). The minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence interval for both instruments suggests that there may be 1.94% disagreement for SpO2and 4.82 bpm disagreement between pulse oximetry methods. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for measuring SpO2suggests that the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeters may vary -0.28 ± 1.98%, or approximately 2%. The 95% LoA for measuring pulse rate suggests that the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeter may vary 1.74 ± 4.98 bpm, potentially upward of 6 bpm. On the basis of the results of the LoA, it appears that there may be a slight systematic bias between the two devices, with the traditional pulse oximeter producing higher pulse rates than the iSpO2.Conclusion:The findings suggest that both instruments may be beneficial for indirect short-term measurements of resting SpO2and pulse rate.

Dynamic Postural Control Two Years Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Female Collegiate Soccer Player

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Samaan ◽  
Eric K. Greska ◽  
Matthew C. Hoch ◽  
Joshua T. Weinhandl ◽  
Sebastian Y. Bawab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Context:ACL injury may cause a lack of knee joint proprioception and motor control due to knee joint instability. ACL reconstruction restores knee joint stability, yet dynamic postural control may still be affected while performing dynamic tasks.Objective:To examine the effects of ACL injury and reconstruction on dynamic postural control using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and single leg hop (SLH).Participant:One Division I female athlete.Main Outcome Measure:The athlete’s dynamic postural control, both pre- and postreconstruction, was compared with preinjury data using the method of minimal detectable change using reach distances obtained from the SEBT and hop distances from the SLH.Results:ACL injury and reconstruction affected the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach distances of the SEBT. Despite restoration of joint stability, anterior reach distance in the SEBT did not return to preinjury levels 27 months after ACL reconstruction. SLH distances decreased following injury but returned to preinjury levels 27 months after ACL reconstruction.Conclusion:Dynamic postural control and performance during the SEBT and SLH were affected by ACL injury and for extended periods of time after ACL reconstruction. Quadriceps inhibition and muscle strength of the involved limb may affect dynamic postural control both after ACL injury and reconstruction while performing the SEBT. Compensatory mechanisms at the hip and ankle may aid in performance of the SLH after reconstruction. Using baseline measurements, where possible, may help researchers better understand the effects of ACL injury and reconstruction on dynamic postural control.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity and Reliability of My Jump 2 App for Measuring Vertical Jump Height in Recreationally Active Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Špela Bogataj ◽  
Maja Pajek ◽  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Active Adults

This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the smartphone-based application, My Jump 2, against Optojump in recreationally active adults. Participants (18 women, 28.9 ± 5.6 years, and 26 men, 30.1 ± 10.6 years) completed squat jumps (SJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS) on Optojump and were simultaneously recorded using My Jump 2. To evaluate concurrent validity, jump height, calculated from flight time attained from each device, was compared for each jump type. Test-retest reliability was determined by replicating data analysis of My Jump 2 recordings on two occasions separated by two weeks. High test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.93) was observed for all measures in both male and female athletes. Very large correlations were observed between the My Jump 2 app and Optojump for SJ (r = 0.95, p = 0.001), CMJ (r = 0.98, p = 0.001), and CMJAS (r = 0.98, p = 0.001) in male athletes. Similar results were obtained for female recreational athletes for all jumps (r > 0.94, p = 0.001). The study results suggest that My Jump 2 is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for measuring vertical jump in recreationally active adults. Therefore, due to its simplicity and practicality, it can be used by practitioners, coaches, and recreationally-active adults to measure vertical jump performance with a simple test as SJ, CMJ, and CMJAS.

Five-Meter Rope-Climbing: A Commando-Specific Power Test of the Upper Limbs

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissem Dhahbi ◽  
Anis Chaouachi ◽  
Johnny Padulo ◽  
David G. Behm ◽  
Karim Chamari
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Power Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose:To examine the concurrent validity and absolute and relative reliabilities of a commando-specific power test.Participants:21 antiterrorism commandos.Methods:All participants were assessed on a 5-m rope-climbing test (RCT) and the following tests: pull-ups, push-ups, estimated-1-repetition-maximum (est-1RM), medicine-ball put, and handgrip-strength test. The stopwatch method related to the execution time (ET) was validated by comparison with video motion analysis. The best individual attempt of 3 trials was kept for analysis, and the performance was expressed in absolute power output (APO) and body-mass relative power output (RPO).Results:Stopwatch assessment had an excellent criterion validity (r = .99, P < .001), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) of .98, standard errors of measurement (SEM%) of 1.19%, bias ± the 95% limits of agreement of 0.03 ± 0.26 s, and minimal detectable change (MDC95) of 0.51 s. The ET, APO, and RPO were significantly correlated (P < .05) with all cited tests (absolute-value r range .55−.98), while est-1RM was not significantly correlated with the other tests. Test-retest reliability coefficients were excellent for ET, APO, and RPO (ICC3,1 > .90). The SEM% values for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 5% (range 3.73−4.52%), all being smaller than the corresponding smallest worthwhile change. The coefficients of variation for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 10%. %MDC95 ranged from 10.37% to 12.53%.Conclusions:Considering the strong concurrent validity and excellent test–retest reliability, the RCT is simple to administer, has ecological validity, and is a valid specific field test of upper-body power for commandos and, in addition, can be accurately assessed with a stopwatch.

Validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) Questionnaire and its potential as a single-item outcome measure in clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Holland ◽  
William Tillett ◽  
Eleanor Korendowych ◽  
Charlotte Cavill ◽  
Nicola Waldron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Disease Impact

ObjectivesThe Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) Questionnaire is a recently developed patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of disease impact in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We set out to assess the validity in an independent cohort of patients, estimate the minimally important difference for improvement and explore the potential of individual components of the PsAID in clinical practice.MethodsData were collected prospectively for a single-centre cohort of patients with PsA. Construct validity was assessed by Spearman correlation with other PROMs and reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at 1 week. Sensitivity to change at 3 months was determined by the standardised response mean (SRM) in those patients with active disease requiring a change in treatment.ResultsA total of 129 patients (mean ±SD age 52.1±13.3, 57% women, disease duration 10.2±8 years) completed the baseline questionnaires and assessments. The mean baseline PsAID12 score was 3.92±2.26 with an ICC of 0.91 (95%CI 0.87 to 0.94). The SE of measurement was 0.51 and the minimal detectable change was 1.41. There was strong correlation (r≥0.70) with most of the PROMs studied and moderate correlation with clinical outcomes (r=0.40–0.57). The SRM of the PsAID12 was 0.74 (95%CI 0.45 to 0.97). There was strong correlation with individual PsAID items and their corresponding PROM questionnaires (r≥0.67).ConclusionThe PsAID is a reliable, feasible and discriminative measure in patients with PsA. The good responsiveness of the PsAID and strong correlation of individual items with other PROMS represent an opportunity to reduce questionnaire burden for patients in studies and clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Quantification of Hop Landing Balance Using Trunk-Mounted Accelerometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Williams ◽  
Michael Gara ◽  
Carol Clark
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Clinical Measurement ◽  
Injury Prediction ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
University Undergraduates ◽  
Acceleration Profile

Context:Balance is important for injury prediction, prevention, and rehabilitation. Clinical measurement of higher level balance function such as hop landing is necessary. Currently, no method exists to quantify balance performance following hopping in the clinic.Objective:To quantify the sacral acceleration profile and test–retest reliability during hop landing.Participants:A total of 17 university undergraduates (age 27.6 [5.7] y, height 1.73 [0.11] m, weight 74.1 [13.9] kg).Main Outcome Measure:A trunk-mounted accelerometer captured the acceleration profile following landing from hopping forward, medially, and laterally. The path length of the acceleration traces were computed to quantify balance following landing.Results:Moderate to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient .67–.93) for hop landing was established with low to moderate SEM (4%–16%) and minimal detectable change values (13%–44%) for each of the hop directions. Significant differences were determined in balance following hop landing from the different directions.Conclusion:The results suggest that hop landing balance can be quantified by trunk-mounted accelerometry.

Reliability of a Modified Active Knee Extension Test for Assessment of Hamstring Flexibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán O Connor ◽  
Noel McCaffrey ◽  
Enda Whyte ◽  
Kieran Moran
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Set Up

Context:Hamstring injuries are prevalent among team and field sport athletes, and poor flexibility has been theorized as a risk factor. The active knee extension test has been proposed as the gold standard for assessment of hamstring flexibility. Many variations of this test are employed, each of which utilizes a complex apparatus that is difficult to transport, time-consuming to set up, and often unavailable to most clinicians. Thus, a method that utilizes inexpensive and readily available equipment is needed for screening.Objective:To establish the intertester and intratester reliability of a modified active knee extension test that requires minimal equipment.Design:Reliability study.Setting:Athletic therapy facilities.Patients or Other Participants:Fifteen male athletes (19.5 ± 0.6 years) free from any orthopedic or neurological disorders were recruited from a convenience sample of collegiate students.Intervention(s):Three testers participated in three training sessions before data collection. Participants completed three trials of the modified active knee extension test and returned the following week at the same time and day to repeat the process.Main Outcome Measure(s):The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval, and the standard error of measurement were calculated to assess inter- and intratester reliability.Results:High ICC values were found for intertester reliability (right leg = .98; left leg = .99) and intratester reliability (right leg = .78−.89; left leg = .79−.94).Conclusions:The modified active knee extension test utilizes readily available equipment and offers a quick, reliable, and low-cost alternative for measurement of hamstring flexibility.

scholarly journals The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Digital Inclinometer, Smartphone Applications, and the Cervical Range of Motion Device for Measuring the Cervical Range of Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Faezeh Ghorbani ◽  
◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Fatemeh Azadinia ◽  
Amir Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Cervical Range Of Motion ◽  
Digital Inclinometer ◽  
Direction Of Movement

Objectives: Changes in the Range of Motion (ROM) are essential criteria in determining the severity of spinal disorders and could be effective in predicting pain progression. Instruments to measure the ROM are costly and unavailable in most therapy settings. While there is a tendency in therapists to use their smartphones instead, there is no report to measure the suitability of smartphones to be employed for this purpose. The current study aimed to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device (as a gold standard), a digital inclinometer, and smartphones in measuring the CROM in asymptomatic adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (11 women, 13 men) aged 22 to 45 years were recruited for this study. Neck movements were assessed per study subject using CROM device, dual digital inclinometer, as well as IOS (for iPhone), and Android applications. Despite the popularity of using smartphone applications, there was no study comparing such applications. Results: The dual inclinometer and iPhone clinometer and compass applications presented acceptable absolute and relative reliability (ICC=0.662-0.913) and (ICC=0.753-0.887), respectively for neck movements in all planes. The reliability of the Android clinometer application in the sagittal and frontal planes was also acceptable (ICC=0.76-0.937); however, the Android compass application used in the horizontal plane indicated the least intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.202-0.433) in this area. Discussion: All the tested tools differed from the gold standard depending on the direction of movement, confirmed i.e. approved by the Bland-Altman. The dual digital inclinometer presented moderate to high agreement to the CROM device for all motions, except for rotation. The iPhone applications had high to a very high agreement, and the Android application revealed poor to a moderate agreement. These discrepancies should be considered in employing smartphones for diagnosing a cervical disorder and determining a therapeutic plan. However, as phone applications indicated desirable reproducibility, these tools could be used for the follow-up and monitoring of changes in the CROM.

scholarly journals Norwegian translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Fredriksen ◽  
Grethe Myklebust
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Orthopaedic Clinic ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Norwegian Version ◽  
Patient Reported

The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) shoulder and elbow questionnaire, with 10 items and a total score ranging from zero to 100, provides more clinically relevant information about overhead athletes than other shoulder or upper limb patient-reported outcomes.ObjectivesTo translate, cultural adapt and evaluate the measurement properties of the Norwegian version of KJOC shoulder and elbow questionnaire.Methods33 overhead athletes (age 18.6±4.2, 10 men/23 women) were included in the analysis of face validity and known-group validity, of whom 15 went through cognitive interviews. An electronic version was developed, and six handball players were interviewed to ensure measurement equivalence between the paper-based and electronic version of the questionnaire. Test–retest reproducibility (1-week interval) and concurrent validity with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was investigated in 36 handball players (age 20.7±3.8, 17 men/19 women).ResultsThe translation was conducted, and smaller consensus-based adjustments were made. Athletes found the questionnaire easy to understand, with no differences between paper and electronic based version, and preferred the electronic version. The Norwegian electronic version of the KJOC showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.952) and relative test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC=0.967). SEM, minimal detectable change (MDC) and limits of agreement were 3.1, 8.5 and −9.2 to 7.7, respectively. The concurrent validity versus DASH was moderate (Spearman’s rho=−0.642). However, KJOC had a wider range in scores than DASH, distinguished better between players playing with and without pain and was more sensitive to capture players playing with pain.ConclusionThis study suggests that the Norwegian version of the KJOC is a reliable and acceptable tool for evaluating shoulder and elbow-related problems in overhead athletes (handball players).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Usability of the Tiger Full Foot 3D Scanner for the Measurements of Basic Foot Dimensions in Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Laštovička ◽  
Roman Cuberek ◽  
Miroslav Janura ◽  
Tomáš Klein
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Foot dimension information is important both for footwear design and clinical applications. In recent years, non-contact three-dimensional foot digitizers/scanners became popular as they are non-invasive and are both valid and reliable for the most of measures. Some of them also offer automated calculations of basic foot dimensions. The study aimed to determine test-retest reliability, objectivity, and concurrent validity of the Tiger full foot 3D scanner as well as the relationship between the manual measures of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and its alternative parameters obtained automatically by the scanner. Methods: Intraclass correlation coefficients and the values of minimal detectable change were used to assess the reliability and objectivity of the scanner. Concurrent validity and the relationship between the arch height measures were determined by the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement between the scanner and the calliper method. Results: Both the relative and absolute agreement between the repeated measurements obtained by the scanner show excellent reliability and objectivity of linear measures and only good to nearly good test-retest reliability and objectivity of the arch height. Correlations between the values obtained by the scanner and the calliper were generally higher in linear measures (rp{greater than or equal to}0.929). The representativeness of state of bony architecture by the soft tissue margin of the medial foot arch demonstrate the lowest correlations among the all measurements (rp{less than or equal to}0.526). Conclusions: The Tiger full foot 3D scanner offers both excellent reliability and objectivity in linear measures, which correspond to those obtained by the calliper method. However, values obtained by the both methods shouldn't be used interchangeably. The arch height measure is less accurate, which could limit its use in some clinical applications. Orthotists and related professions probably appreciate scanner more than other specialists.

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