scholarly journals The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Digital Inclinometer, Smartphone Applications, and the Cervical Range of Motion Device for Measuring the Cervical Range of Motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
Faezeh Ghorbani ◽  
◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Fatemeh Azadinia ◽  
Amir Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Cervical Range Of Motion ◽  
Digital Inclinometer ◽  
Direction Of Movement

Objectives: Changes in the Range of Motion (ROM) are essential criteria in determining the severity of spinal disorders and could be effective in predicting pain progression. Instruments to measure the ROM are costly and unavailable in most therapy settings. While there is a tendency in therapists to use their smartphones instead, there is no report to measure the suitability of smartphones to be employed for this purpose. The current study aimed to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device (as a gold standard), a digital inclinometer, and smartphones in measuring the CROM in asymptomatic adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (11 women, 13 men) aged 22 to 45 years were recruited for this study. Neck movements were assessed per study subject using CROM device, dual digital inclinometer, as well as IOS (for iPhone), and Android applications. Despite the popularity of using smartphone applications, there was no study comparing such applications. Results: The dual inclinometer and iPhone clinometer and compass applications presented acceptable absolute and relative reliability (ICC=0.662-0.913) and (ICC=0.753-0.887), respectively for neck movements in all planes. The reliability of the Android clinometer application in the sagittal and frontal planes was also acceptable (ICC=0.76-0.937); however, the Android compass application used in the horizontal plane indicated the least intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.202-0.433) in this area. Discussion: All the tested tools differed from the gold standard depending on the direction of movement, confirmed i.e. approved by the Bland-Altman. The dual digital inclinometer presented moderate to high agreement to the CROM device for all motions, except for rotation. The iPhone applications had high to a very high agreement, and the Android application revealed poor to a moderate agreement. These discrepancies should be considered in employing smartphones for diagnosing a cervical disorder and determining a therapeutic plan. However, as phone applications indicated desirable reproducibility, these tools could be used for the follow-up and monitoring of changes in the CROM.

scholarly journals Gait Analysis Using Accelerometry Data from a Single Smartphone: Agreement and Consistency between a Smartphone Application and Gold-Standard Gait Analysis System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7497
Author(s):  
Roy T. Shahar ◽  
Maayan Agmon
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal parameters of human gait, currently measured using different methods, provide valuable information on health. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are one such method of gait analysis, with smartphone IMUs serving as a good substitute for current gold-standard techniques. Here we investigate the concurrent validity of a smartphone placed in a front-facing pocket to perform gait analysis. Sixty community-dwelling healthy adults equipped with a smartphone and an application for gait analysis completed a 2-min walk on a marked path. Concurrent validity was assessed against an APDM mobility lab (APDM Inc.; Portland, OR, USA). Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (agreement and consistency) for gait speed, cadence, and step length indicate good to excellent agreement (ICC2,1 > 0.8). For right leg stance and swing % of gait cycle and double support % of gait cycle, results were moderate (0.52 < ICC2,1 < 0.62). For left leg stance and swing % of gait cycle left results show poor agreement (ICC2,1 < 0.5). Consistency of results was good to excellent for all tested parameters (ICC3,1 > 0.8). Thus we have a valid and reliable instrument for measuring healthy adults’ spatio-temporal gait parameters in a controlled walking environment.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity of an Automated Footprint Detection Algorithm to Measure Plantar Contact Area During Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Lidstone ◽  
Louise M. Porcher ◽  
Jessica DeBerardinis ◽  
Janet S. Dufek ◽  
Mohamed B. Trabia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Strong Agreement

Background: Monitoring footprints during walking can lead to better identification of foot structure and abnormalities. Current techniques for footprint measurements are either static or dynamic, with low resolution. This work presents an approach to monitor the plantar contact area when walking using high-speed videography. Methods: Footprint images were collected by asking the participants to walk across a custom-built acrylic walkway with a high-resolution digital camera placed directly underneath the walkway. This study proposes an automated footprint identification algorithm (Automatic Identification Algorithm) to measure the footprint throughout the stance phase of walking. This algorithm used coloration of the plantar tissue that was in contact with the acrylic walkway to distinguish the plantar contact area from other regions of the foot that were not in contact. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated strong agreement between the proposed automated approach and the gold standard manual method (ICC = 0.939). Strong agreement between the two methods also was found for each phase of stance (ICC &gt; 0.78). Conclusions: The proposed automated footprint detection technique identified the plantar contact area during walking with strong agreement with a manual gold standard method. This is the first study to demonstrate the concurrent validity of an automated identification algorithm to measure the plantar contact area during walking.

Concurrent Validity of Resting Pulse-Rate Measurements: A Comparison of 2 Smartphone Applications, the Polar H7 Belt Monitor, and a Pulse Oximeter With Bluetooth

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Cheatham ◽  
Morey J. Kolber ◽  
Michael P. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Active Adults

Context:Pulse rate is commonly measured manually or with commercial wrist or belt monitors. More recently, pulse-rate monitoring has become convenient with the use of mobile technology that allows monitoring through a smartphone camera. This optical technology offers many benefits, although the clinimetric properties have not been extensively studied.Design:Observational study of reliability.Setting:University kinesiology laboratory.Participants:30 healthy, recreationally active adults.Intervention:Concurrent measurement of pulse rate using 2 smartphone applications (fingertip, face-scan,) with the Polar H7 belt and pulse oximeter.Main Outcome Measure:Average resting pulse rate for 5 min in 3 positions (supine, sitting, and prone).Results:Concurrent validity in supine and standing was good between the 2 applications and the Polar H7 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] .80–.98) and pulse oximeter (ICC .82–98). For sitting, the validity was good between the fingertip application, Polar H7 (ICC .97), and pulse oximeter (ICC .97). The face-scan application had moderate validity with the Polar H7 (ICC .74) and pulse oximeter (ICC .69). The minimal detectable change (MDC90) between the fingertip application and Polar H7 ranged from 1.38 to 4.36 beats/min (BPM) and from 0.69 to 2.97 BPM for the pulse oximeter with both positions. The MDC90 between the face-scan application and Polar H7 ranged from 11.88 to 12.83 BPM and from 0.59 to 17.72 BPM for the pulse oximeter. The 95% limits of agreement suggest that the fingertip application may vary between 2.40 and 3.59 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 3.40 and 3.42 BPM with the pulse oximeter. The face-scan application may vary between 3.46 and 3.52 BPM with the Polar H7 and between 2.54 and 3.46 BPM with the pulse oximeter.Conclusion:Pulse-rate measurements may be effective using a fingertip application, belt monitor, and pulse oximeter. The fingertip scanner showed superior results compared with the face scanner, which only demonstrated modest validity compared with the Polar H7 and pulse oximeter.

scholarly journals Reliability and concurrent validity of an alternative method of lateral lumbar range of motion in athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hecimovich
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Rater Reliability

Background: Cricket bowling involves combined spinalmovements of side bending and rotation and, consequently, injuryto the low back is a common problem. Therefore the assessmentof lumbar spine kinematics has become a routine component inpreseason screening. This includes static measurement of lateralspinal flexion as asymmetrical range of motion may predispose anathlete to low back injury.Objectives: This study examined intra-rater reliability andconcurrent validity of the fingertip-to-floor distance test (FFD)when compared to a criterion range of motion measure.Methods: Thirty-four junior-level cricket players aged 13‑16years were recruited. Lumbar spine lateral flexion was measuredsimultaneously with the fingertip-to-floor distance test and digitalinclinometry methods. Relative and absolute intra-rater reliabilitywere investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1)of agreement, standard error of measurement (SEM) estimates,Bland and Altman bias estimates and 95% limits of agreement,respectively. The concurrent validity of the fingertip-to-floordistance test, compared to digital inclinometry measures, wasexamined with Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: Intra-rater reliability demonstrated substantial agreementfor both measures (ICC3,1 > 0.84). The fingertip-to-floor distancetest SEM values ranged from 1.71‑2.01 cm with an estimatedminimum detectable change (MDC) threshold of 4.73‑5.55 cm.The inclinometry SEM values ranged from 1.00‑1.09° withminimal detectable change estimates of 2.77‑3.01°. There werestrong correlations between the index test and criterion measureoutcomes (r > 0.84, p < 0.001).Conclusions: This study’s results support the intra-rater reliabilityand concurrent validity of the finger-to-floor distance test,suggesting it to be a suitable surrogate measure for lumbar lateralflexion testing

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of smartphone inclinometer applications for measurement of elbow range of motion in paediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
Denis P. Koong ◽  
Jillian Lee ◽  
Tegan L. Cheng ◽  
David G. Little
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Flexion Extension

Purpose Precise measurement of elbow range of motion (ROM) post-injury or surgery forms an important part of determining prognosis and the need for further intervention. Clinicians are increasingly incorporating smartphone use in our medical practice; we sought to determine if a smartphone goniometer application is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of elbow ROM in the paediatric patient, compared to visual and goniometer assessment. Methods In total, 20 paediatric patients (40 elbows) between six and 15 years of age with an elbow or forearm injury were included in this prospective series. Elbow flexion, extension, pronation and supination were measured independently by two orthopaedic clinicians. Measurements were taken from injured as well as unaffected side using a standardized technique, first with visual estimation and then using a universal goniometer (UG) and smartphone goniometer application Angle Meter via Google Play store (Smart Tool Factory, Istanbul, Turkey). Results There was excellent interobserver reliability for all three modalities, with average intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.90. Visual estimation had the lowest average ICC of 0.92, compared to 0.97 for UG and smartphone. Overall, there was excellent intraobserver reliability between the smartphone application and the gold standard UG for all elbow movements with ICCs ranging between 0.98 to 0.99 and mean absolute difference ranging from 1.1 ± 1.0° to 2.6 ± 1.9°. The smartphone application showed superior agreement over visual estimation when compared to the gold standard UG with lower mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) falling within 10°. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that a smartphone application is a valid and reliable assessment tool for measurement of elbow ROM in paediatric patients, and better than visualization alone. Level of evidence III

scholarly journals Reliability and concurrent validity of the iPhone® Compass application to measure thoracic rotation range of motion (ROM) in healthy participants

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Furness ◽  
Ben Schram ◽  
Alistair J. Cox ◽  
Sarah L. Anderson ◽  
Justin Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background Several water-based sports (swimming, surfing and stand up paddle boarding) require adequate thoracic mobility (specifically rotation) in order to perform the appropriate activity requirements. The measurement of thoracic spine rotation is problematic for clinicians due to a lack of convenient and reliable measurement techniques. More recently, smartphones have been used to quantify movement in various joints in the body; however, there appears to be a paucity of research using smartphones to assess thoracic spine movement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the reliability (intra and inter rater) and validity of the iPhone® app (Compass) when assessing thoracic spine rotation ROM in healthy individuals. Methods A total of thirty participants were recruited for this study. Thoracic spine rotation ROM was measured using both the current clinical gold standard, a universal goniometer (UG) and the Smart Phone Compass app. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was determined with a Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Validation of the Compass app in comparison to the UG was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. Results Both the UG and Compass app measurements both had excellent reproducibility for intra-rater (ICC 0.94–0.98) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.72–0.89). However, the Compass app measurements had higher intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.96 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.93–0.99]; vs. ICC = 0.94 − 0.98; 95% CI [0.88–0.99]) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87 − 0.89; 95% CI [0.74–0.95] vs. ICC = 0.72 − 0.82; 95% CI [0.21–0.94]). A strong and significant correlation was found between the UG and the Compass app, demonstrating good concurrent validity (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). Levels of agreement between the two devices were 24.8° (LoA –9.5°, +15.3°). The UG was found to consistently measure higher values than the compass app (mean difference 2.8°, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that the iPhone® app (Compass) is a reliable tool for measuring thoracic spine rotation which produces greater reproducibility of measurements both within and between raters than a UG. As a significant positive correlation exists between the Compass app and UG, this supports the use of either device in clinical practice as a reliable and valid tool to measure thoracic rotation. Considering the levels of agreement are clinically unacceptable, the devices should not be used interchangeably for initial and follow up measurements.

Postlaminoplasty cervical range of motion: early results

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Hyung Kang ◽  
Seung-Chul Rhim ◽  
Sung-Woo Roh ◽  
Sang-Ryong Jeon ◽  
Hyun-Chul Baek
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Cervical Laminoplasty ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Cervical Range Of Motion ◽  
Curvature Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Object The authors studied cervical range of motion (ROM) before and after cervical laminoplasty to determine factors associated with cervical ROM in patients with cervical myelopathy. Methods Between July 2003 and August 2005, 20 patients underwent a modified Hirabayashi-type unilateral open-door laminoplasty to treat multilevel cervical spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Clinically, the authors assessed Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, duration of symptoms, disease entity, and the age and sex of patients to ascertain the relation of these factors to ROM before and after cervical laminoplasty. Intraoperative findings such as ligament detachment from the C-2 spinous process and cervicothoracic junction involvement were noted. Radiological and imaging findings such as the length of the lesion, cervical axial canal area, antero-posterior (AP) diameter of the cervical canal, angle of the opened lamina after surgery, cervical sagittal angles, cervical curvature index (CCI), and signal change of the cord on magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. The mean follow-up period was 19.45 months (range 13–38 months). The preoperative average ROM in 18 patients (after excluding two patients with trauma) was 36.73 ± 15.73°; postoperatively it was 25.24 ± 16.06°. Thus, ROM decreased by 9.64 ± 10.09° (31.80%) after surgery (p = 0.002), reflecting the mean in the same 18 patients. Preoperative ROM was related to the age of patients, CCI, preoperative JOA score, and AP diameter of the cervical canal. In cases of OPLL the ROM was lower than that in cases of spondylosis. Postoperative cervical ROM was related to preoperative ROM, postoperative AP diameter of the cervical canal, laminar angle, patient age, and follow-up duration. None of the studied parameters, however, correlated with a decreased cervical ROM. Conclusions Cervical ROM was reduced after cervical laminoplasty. Postlaminoplasty cervical ROM had a positive correlation with extended motion; however, gradually it became reduced. In this study, no correlative factor was associated with a reduction in cervical ROM. Further study is also needed.

scholarly journals Countermovement Jump Analysis Using Different Portable Devices: Implications for Field Testing

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
João Brito ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Thiago Carvalho ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The aim of this study was to analyze the concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and capacity to detect changes of four different portable devices used to measure a wide range of neuromuscular parameters derived from countermovement jump (CMJ). An accelerometric device (Myotest), a jump mat (Ergojump), an optical device (Optojump), and a smartphone app (MyJump) were simultaneously examined for concurrent validity against gold-standard measures (motion-capture system and a force platform). Twenty-two CMJ-derived variables were collected from 15 healthy male subjects (n = 60 CMJs). Contraction time (CT) and eccentric duration (EccD) measurements obtained from the Myotest were moderately to largely associated with and not different from force platform measurements (r = 0.31 to 0.64, ES = 0.11 to 0.18) and showed moderate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92 to 0.97, coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.8 to 8.0%). Flight time (FT) and jump height (JH) from Ergojump, Optojump, and MyJump showed moderate to strong associations with gold-standard measurements (r = 0.57 to 0.98) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.54 to 0.97, CV = 1.8 to 4.2). However, all portable devices underestimated JH (ES = 1.25 to 2.75). Independent of the instrument used, the analyzed CMJ variables showed good capacity to detect changes (standard error of measurement (SEM) < smallest worthwhile change (SWC)), with the exception of rate of force and rate of power development parameters, which showed marginal capacity (SEM > SWC). The Myotest is preferable to measure temporal parameters during ground contact, whereas Ergojump, Optojump, and MyJump devices may be preferable to measure FT and JH, with the Optojump being the most accurate.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a New Inertial Device for Monitoring Range of Motion at the Pelvis during Sexual Intercourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Oliva-Lozano ◽  
Isabel Martín-Fuentes ◽  
José M. Muyor
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

To understand the physical demands of sexual intercourse, it is necessary to monitor the kinematic parameters of this activity using relatively non-invasive technology. The aims of this study are to analyze the validity and reliability of an inertial device for monitoring the range of motion at the pelvis during simulated intercourse and compare the range of motion (ROM). Twenty-six adults were monitored during intercourse using an inertial device (WIMU) and a motion capture system (gold standard) in a test that consisted of 4 sets of 20 simulated in–out cycles (IOC) in missionary and cowgirl positions. Men and women were tested separately in a laboratory setting for simulated intercourse aims. There were no differences between the WIMU and the gold standard system at fast pace (p > 0.05), whereas there were differences at slow pace (~2.04°; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.17). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the relationship between systems was very close to 1 at both paces (slow: 0.981; fast: 0.998). The test–retest reliability analysis did not show any difference between sets of measurements. In conclusion, WIMU could be considered as a valid and reliable device for IOC range of motion monitoring during sexual intercourse in missionary and cowgirl positions.

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