Effects of a 4-Week Biomechanical Ankle Platform System Protocol on Balance in High School Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Spencer Cain ◽  
Stacy Watt Garceau ◽  
Shelley W. Linens
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Platform System

Context:Chronic ankle instability (CAI) describes the residual symptoms present after repetitive ankle sprains. Current rehabilitation programs in the high school population focus on a multistation approach or general lower-extremity injury-prevention program. Specific rehabilitation techniques for CAI have not been established.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of a 4-wk biomechanical ankle platform system (BAPS) board protocol on the balance of high school athletes with CAI.Design:Randomized control trial.Setting:Athletic training facility.Patients:Twenty-two high school athletes with “giving way” and a history of ankle sprains (ie, CAI) were randomized into a rehabilitation (REH) (166.23 ± 0.93 cm, 67.0 ± 9.47 kg, 16.45 ± 0.93 y) or control (CON) (173.86 ± 8.88 cm, 84.51 ± 21.28 kg, 16.55 ± 1.29 y) group.Interventions:After baseline measures, the REH group completed a progressive BAPS rehabilitation program (3 times/wk for 4 wk), whereas the CON group had no intervention. Each session consisted of 5 trials of clockwise/counterclockwise rotations changing direction every 10 s during each 40-s trial. After 4 wk, baseline measurements were repeated.Main Outcome Measures:Dependent measures included longest time (time-in-balance test), average number of errors (foot lift test), average reach distance (cm) normalized to leg length for each reach direction (Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]), and fastest time (side hop test [SHT]).Results:Significant group-by-time interactions were found for TIB (F1,20 = 9.89, P = .005), FLT (F1,20 = 41.18, P < .001), SEBT-anteromedial (F1,20 = 5.34, P = .032), SEBT-medial (F1,20 = 7.51, P = .013), SEBT-posteromedial (F1,20 = 12.84, P = .002), and SHT (F1,20 = 7.50, P = .013). Post hoc testing showed that the REH group improved performance on all measures at posttest, whereas the CON group did not.Conclusion:A 4-wk BAPS rehabilitation protocol improved balance in high school athletes suffering from CAI. These results can allow clinicians to rehabilitate in a focused manner by using 1 rehabilitation tool that allows benefits to be accomplished in a shorter time.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Balance Training with Stroboscopic Vision for Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5364
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Kim ◽  
María D. Estudillo-Martínez ◽  
Yolanda Castellote-Caballero ◽  
Alejandro Estepa-Gallego ◽  
David Cruz-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test

Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is one of the most common musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Stroboscopic vision (SV) training has been deemed to enhance somatosensorial pathways in this population group; nevertheless, until recently no studies have addressed the additional effects of this treatment option to the traditional therapeutic approach. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of a partial visual deprivation training protocol in patients with CAI, a randomized controlled trial was carried out. Patients with CAI (n = 73) were randomized into either a balance training, SV training, or a control (no training) group. For participants assigned into training groups, they received 18 training sessions over 6 weeks. The primary outcome was dynamic balance as measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcome measures included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, self-reported instability feeling, and ankle functional status. Results: Better scores in stroboscopic training and balance training groups in all outcome measures were observed in comparison with the control group with moderate to large effect sizes. Stroboscopic training was more effective than neuromuscular training in self-reported instability feeling (cohen’s d = 0.71; p = 0.042) and anterior reach distance of the star excursion balance test (cohen’s d = 1.23; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Preliminary findings from the effects of SV Stroboscopic training in patients with CAI, suggest that SV may be beneficial in CAI rehabilitation.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ATHLETIC TAPING ON PERFORMANCE OF BASKETBALL ATHLETES WITH CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Cammerer Gehrke ◽  
Leonardo Ximenes Londero ◽  
Renata Fanfa Loureiro-Chaves ◽  
Henrique Hahn Souza ◽  
Gabriel Pizetta de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Athletic Tape ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ankle sprains are recurrent injuries in basketball, hence more and more athletes are taping their ankles to promote joint stability, aiming at improving dynamic balance and, consequently, functional performance. Objective: To verify the effects of elastic and rigid athletic taping on the functional performance and level of comfort of basketball players with chronic ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-one athletes aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 23.7 ± 3.2) with chronic ankle instability (CAI), verified using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, were selected to take part in this study. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Figure-of-8 hop test (F8) were applied unilaterally to assess functional performance, considering the ankle of greater instability in three situations: without athletic taping, with rigid athletic taping and with elastic athletic taping. A draw was held to determine the order in which the tests (held over a number of days) would be applied. A questionnaire was conducted to assess comfort on the same day the athletic tapes were applied. Results: There was no significant difference between the tests in any direction of the SEBT, but there was a significant difference in F8 between the rigid athletic taping x control and elastic athletic taping x control situations. In addition, the elastic athletic tape was considered significantly more comfortable than the rigid athletic tape. Conclusion: Athletic taping appears to effectively improve the dynamic balance and functional performance of athletes with CAI only in activities that cause considerable joint stress, as is the case in F8. Elastic athletic tape appears to be just as effective as rigid athletic tape in these situations, in addition to being a significantly more comfortable alternative. Levef of Evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals.

scholarly journals Four-Week Ankle-Rehabilitation Programs in Adolescent Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-810
Author(s):  
M. Spencer Cain ◽  
Rebecca J. Ban ◽  
Yu-Ping Chen ◽  
Mark D. Geil ◽  
Benjamin M. Goerger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Star Excursion Balance Test ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Clinical Measures

Context Researchers have shown that rehabilitation programs incorporating resistance-band and balance-board exercises are effective for improving clinical measures of function and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, whether combining the 2 exercises increases improvement is unknown. Objective To determine the effectiveness of 3 rehabilitation programs on clinical measures of balance and self-reported function in adolescent patients with CAI. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial (Trail Registration Number: ClinicalTrails.gov: NCT03447652). Setting High school athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants Forty-three patients with CAI (age = 16.37 ± 1.00 years, height = 171.75 ± 12.05 cm, mass = 69.38 ± 18.36 kg) were block randomized into 4 rehabilitation groups. Intervention(s) Protocols were completed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The resistance-band group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of ankle plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion with a resistance band. The Biomechanical Ankle Platform System group performed 5 trials of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, changing direction every 10 seconds during each 40-second trial. The combination group completed resistance-band and Biomechanical Ankle Platform System programs during each session. The control group did not perform any exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s) Variables were assessed before and after the intervention: time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test, side-hop test, figure-8 hop test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. We conducted 4 separate multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses for any findings that were different. Results Using the time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test (medial, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions), and figure-8 hop test, we detected improvement for each rehabilitation group compared with the control group (P &lt; .05). However, no intervention group was superior. Conclusions All 3 rehabilitation groups demonstrated improvement compared with the control group, yet the evidence was too limited to support a superior intervention. Over a 4-week period, either of the single-task interventions or the combination intervention can be used to combat the residual deficits associated with CAI in an adolescent patient population.

Ankle Strength Deficits in a Cohort of College Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Wisthoff ◽  
Shannon Matheny ◽  
Aaron Struminger ◽  
Geoffrey Gustavsen ◽  
Joseph Glutting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
And Inversion

Context: Lateral ankle sprains commonly occur in an athletic population and can lead to chronic ankle instability. Objective: To compare ankle strength measurements in athletes who have mechanical laxity and report functional instability after a history of unilateral ankle sprains. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Athletic Training Research Lab. Participants: A total of 165 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes, 97 males and 68 females, with history of unilateral ankle sprains participated. Main Outcome Measures: Functional ankle instability was determined by Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores and mechanical ankle instability by the participant having both anterior and inversion/eversion laxity. Peak torque strength measures, concentric and eccentric, in 2 velocities were measured. Results: Of the 165 participants, 24 subjects had both anterior and inversion/eversion laxity and 74 self-reported functional ankle instability on their injured ankle. The mechanical ankle instability group presented with significantly lower plantar flexion concentric strength at 30°/s (139.7 [43.7] N·m) (P = .01) and eversion concentric strength at 120°/s (14.8 [5.3] N·m) (P = .03) than the contralateral, uninjured ankle (166.3 [56.8] N·m, 17.4 [6.2] N·m, respectively). Conclusion: College athletes who present with mechanical laxity on a previously injured ankle exhibit plantar flexion and eversion strength deficits between ankles.

Influence of Mulligan Ankle Taping on Functional Performance Tests in Healthy Athletes and Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Someeh ◽  
Ali Asghar Norasteh ◽  
Hassan Daneshmandi ◽  
Abbas Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Cross Sectional

Context:Ankle sprains or chronic ankle instability (CAI) is common in athletes and a common method for decreasing the effects of ankle instable is using tape.Objective:To determine whether Mulligan ankle taping (MAT) influenced the functional performance (FP) tests in athletes with and without CAI.Design:A cross-sectional study using a within-subject experimental design between four ankle conditions (taped and untaped, athletes with and without CAI).Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Sixteen professional athletes with unilateral CAI (10 men and 6 women; age 23.2 ± 3 years, height 175.4 ± 10.3 cm, weight 73 ± 14.5 kg, and body mass index 23.8 ± 3.6%) and 16 uninjured professional athletes (10 men and 6 women; age 22.8 ± 1.7 years, height 173.6 ± 12.2 cm, weight 66.4 ± 11.4 kg, and body mass index 22.2 ± 3.3%) volunteered to participant in this study.Intervention:Mulligan ankle taping.Main Outcome Measures:FP tests including single leg hopping course, Figure-of-8 hop and side hop were measured for both the groups in two conditions: taped and untaped.Results:There were significant differences between injured and uninjured athletes in all FP tests (P< .05). MAT significantly improved FP tests in both groups (P< .05).Conclusion:We found that MAT can improve FP tests in athletes with CAI and uninjured athletes. Therefore, it seems that MAT can be an effective method for enhancing athletes’ performance in sports that require lateral movements.

Effective Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability During Lateral Step-Down—Kinesiology Tape, Resistance Exercise, or Both Accompanied With Heel Raise-Lower Exercise?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-816
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Tae-Lim Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Ankle Muscle ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Kinesiology Tape

Context:Kinesiology tape (KT), multidirectional resistance exercise, and interventions for decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion are gaining popularity in the treatment of patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of combined interventions in patients with CAI.Objectives:To compare the effects of KT alone, KT with resistance exercise (KT + resistance), and KT with resistance and heel raise-lower exercise (KT + resistance + heel) on the results of the dynamic balance test (star excursion balance test [SEBT]), functional performance (lateral step-down test), and ankle muscle activation in patients with CAI.Design and Setting:This study used a repeated-measures design in a laboratory setting.Main Outcome Measures:The participants completed 3 different interventions with a 24-hour rest period between interventions. The SEBT, lateral step-down test, and ankle muscle activation results were used as the outcome measures. All outcomes were assessed before and immediately after the 3 interventions.Results:The results of the SEBT-anteromedial direction significantly increased with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm,P = .01, ES = 0.50) and KT + resistance + heel (76.94 [16.00] cm,P = .03, ES = 0.33) in comparison with the baseline values (73.68 [12.84] cm). Additionally, the result of the SEBT-anteromedial direction was significantly greater with KT + resistance (78.61 [16.11] cm) than with KT alone (76.00 [14.90] cm,P = .05, ES = 0.18). The number of errors during the lateral step-down test was significantly lower for the KT alone (2.16 [0.90] errors,P = .02, ES = 0.46), KT + resistance (2.10 [0.79] errors,P = .01, ES = 0.54), and KT + resistance + heel (2.03 [0.75] errors,P = .003, ES = 0.61) interventions than the baseline values (2.55 [0.85] errors).Conclusions:Patients with CAI should be encouraged to perform KT + resistance to improve balance.

Ligament Laxity Following Inversion Injury with and without Chronic Ankle Instability

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia J. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Anterior Displacement ◽  
Ligament Laxity ◽  
And Inversion

Background: Not all patients develop chronic ankle instability (CAI) after one or more lateral ankle sprains; some seem to heal or adjust to the ankle laxity after injury. Why do some patients develop CAI and others are able to cope and return to normal function? The purpose of this study was to examine ligament laxity between subjects with and without CAI. Materials and Methods: Sixteen subjects with unilateral CAI and 16 subjects without participated in the study. Ligament laxity was measured with an instrumented ankle arthrometer. The arthrometer measured ankle joint motion for anterior/posterior displacement (mm) during loading at 125 N and inversion/eversion rotation (degrees of ROM) during loading at 4000 N/mm. For each dependent variable a 2 × 2 mixed model ANOVA was run with the between factor being group (CAI, No CAI) and the within factor with repeated measures being side (involved, uninvolved). Results: A significant group by side interaction for anterior displacement (F1,30 = 370.085, p < 0.001), and inversion rotation (F1,30 = 7.455, p = 0.010) was found. There was significantly more anterior displacement and inversion rotation for the involved ankles of the CAI group than the involved ankles of the stable group and the uninvolved ankles of the CAI group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it appears that the increased anterior displacement and inversion rotation compared to patients without instability may be why subjects develop CAI. Although the patients without instability have a history of more than one lateral ankle sprain, they did not demonstrate increased laxity, which may be the reason why they do not complain of the functional impairment demonstrated in subjects with CAI.

scholarly journals Perception of stability correlates with objective performance of dynamic stability for people with chronic ankle instability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Forsyth ◽  
F. Pourkazemi ◽  
S. Al Adal ◽  
C. E. Hiller ◽  
C. R. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, with one of the highest recurrence rates. One in five people develops chronic ankle instability (CAI) after a lateral ankle sprain. CAI is mainly described as a subjective phenomenon, but is associated with recurrent symptoms, reduced dynamic stability, and reduced physical activity and quality of life. Understanding the relationship between perception of stability and effect on performance for people with CAI could inform rehabilitative strategies in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the perception of stability and objective performance of dynamic stability this population. Methods This study is a sub-analysis of data from four separate studies in Australia and the United Kingdom. Participants were screened and categorised as a CAI, coper, or healthy participant. Each participant completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT). Distances reached in the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directions, and average, of the SEBT were analysed. Results Data from 95 participants with CAI, 45 copers, and 101 healthy participants was analysed. There was a significant moderate correlation between CAIT score and SEBT reach distance in all directions for the CAI group (p < 0.001). For copers, there was small significant correlation in the posterior-lateral direction (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the discrepancies between the perception of stability and objective dynamic stability, and reinforces the importance of using both types of measures for continual assessment in practice to optimise selecting rehabilitative strategies.

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