scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Frequency-Based Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Performance and Hypertrophy in Trained Males: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031
Author(s):  
Theodore Kent Kessinger ◽  
Bridget Melton ◽  
Theresa Miyashita ◽  
Greg Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Training Protocol

Clinical Scenario: Manipulation of exercise variables in resistance training (RT) is an important component in the development of muscular strength, power, and hypertrophy. Currently, most research centers on untrained or recreationally trained subjects. This critically appraised topic focuses on studies that center on the well-trained subject with regard to frequency of training. Clinical Question: In well-trained male subjects, is there an association between RT frequency and the development of muscular strength and hypertrophy? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. All studies showed that lower-frequency training could elicit muscular strength and hypertrophy increases. One study suggested that a higher frequency compared with a lower frequency may provide a slight benefit to hypertrophic development. One study reported a greater level of delayed onset muscle soreness with lower frequency training. The 4 studies demonstrate support for the clinical question. Clinical Bottom Line: Current evidence suggests that lower-frequency RT produces equal to greater improvements on muscular strength and hypertrophy in comparison to higher-frequency RT when volume is equated. The evidence is particularly convincing when lower-frequency RT is associated with a total-body training protocol in well-trained male subjects. Strength of Recommendation: There is moderate-to-strong evidence to suggest that lower-frequency RT, when volume is equated, will produce equal to greater improvements on muscular strength and hypertrophy in comparison to higher-frequency RT.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Reduces Pain Indices and Improves Quality of Life and Body Strength in Women with Migraine Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Sari Aslani ◽  
Maryam Hassanpour ◽  
Omid Razi ◽  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Abdolhossein Parnow
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Migraine Disorders ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Training Protocol

Abstract Purpose The benefits of resistance training (RT) for migraineurs appears to be lacking although beneficial of aerobic training have been shown in previous studies. The aim of current study, therefore, is to investigate the influence of RT on migraine headache indices, upper and lower-body strength, and quality of life (QOL) in women with migraine disorders. Methods Twenty female migraine patients who were referred by a neurologist were randomly assigned in two groups including RT group (n = 10) and control (CON) group (n = 10). The RT protocol consisted of 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 45–60 min per session. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and pain diary were utilized to measure the subjects' migraine indices including duration, pain severity, and frequency within 48 h pre- and post-training protocol. Patients in Control group (CON) has been refrained from regular exercise during this study. The quality of life (QOL) and muscular strength were measured by the Headache Impact Tests (HIT) and one-repetition maximum (1RM) test, respectively, for 48 h pre- and post-training protocol. Results The RT resulted in a significant decrease in the migraine indices (headache intensity, frequency, and duration) (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p = 0.04, respectivetly). Increased quality of life and chest and leg muscular strength significantly (p = 0.001 for all) were also showed after 8-week RT protocol. However, there was not any significant differences between groups considering, BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) after executing RT protocol (p > 0.05). Conclusion Based on results of current study that mainly had a positive trend, it could state that RT protocol with special considering for migraine patients is probably an alternative therapy or augmentative complement to established interventions for migraine treatment.

scholarly journals Current Evidence in Management of Concussion Baseline Testing in ADHD and Learning Difficulties Patients: A Critically Appraised Topic

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi Fisher ◽  
Ryan Tierney ◽  
Anne Russ ◽  
Jamie Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Baseline Testing

Clinical Question: In concussed patients, will having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or learning difficulties (LD) versus not having ADHD or LD cause higher symptom severity scores or invalid baseline protocols? Clinical Bottom Line: Research supports the concept that there is a difference at baseline for individuals with ADHD and/or LD compared with those who do not.

The Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Improving Voluntary Activation of the Quadriceps: A Critically Appraised Topic

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody B. Bremner ◽  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Christopher D. Brown ◽  
Melanie E. Perreault
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Bottom Line

Clinical Scenario:Orthopedic knee conditions are regularly treated in sports-medicine clinics. Rehabilitation protocols for these conditions are often designed to address the associated quadriceps strength deficits. Despite these efforts, patients with orthopedic knee conditions often fail to completely regain their quadriceps strength. Disinhibitory modalities have recently been suggested as a clinical tool that can be used to counteract the negative effects of arthrogenic muscle inhibition, which is believed to limit the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is commonly accepted as a strengthening modality, but its ability to simultaneously serve as a disinhibitory treatment is not as well established.Clinical Question:Does NMES effectively enhance quadriceps voluntary activation in patients with orthopedic knee conditions?Summary of Key Findings:Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were included. Of those, 1 reported statistically significant improvements in quadriceps voluntary activation in the intervention group relative to a comparison group, but the statistical significance was not true for another study consisting of the same sample of participants with a different follow-up period. One study reported a trend in the NMES group, but the between-groups differences were not statistically significant in 3 of the 4 RCTs.Clinical Bottom Line:Current evidence does not support the use of NMES for the purpose of enhancing quadriceps voluntary activation in patients with orthopedic knee conditions.Strength of Recommendation:There is level B evidence that the use of NMES alone or in conjunction with therapeutic exercise does not enhance quadriceps voluntary activation in patients with orthopedic knee conditions (eg, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty).

scholarly journals Velocity-Based Resistance Training on 1-RM, Jump and Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Sports ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mateo Baena-Marín ◽  
Andrés Rojas-Jaramillo ◽  
Jhonatan González-Santamaría ◽  
David Rodríguez-Rosell ◽  
Jorge L. Petro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Future Studies

Weight resistance training (RT) has been shown to positively influence physical performance. Within the last two decades, a methodology based on monitoring RT through movement velocity (also called velocity-based resistance training, VBRT) has emerged. The aim of this PRISMA-based systematic review was to evaluate the effect of VBRT programs on variables related to muscle strength (one-repetition maximum, 1-RM), and high-speed actions (vertical jump, and sprint performance) in trained subjects. The search for published articles was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORT Discus/EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases using Boolean algorithms independently. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review (a low-to-moderate overall risk of bias of the analyzed studies was detected). VBRT is an effective method to improve 1-RM, vertical jump and sprint. According to the results of the analyzed studies, it is not necessary to reach high muscle failure in order to achieve the best training results. These findings reinforce the fact that it is possible to optimize exercise adaptations with less fatigue. Future studies should corroborate these findings in female population.

Rater Reliability of the Tuck Jump Assessment: A Critically Appraised Topic (CAT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Michael D. McAdie ◽  
Monica R. Lininger ◽  
Meghan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Physically Active

Focused Clinical Question: In an individual who is physically active in recreation or sport, can the tuck jump assessment be reliably scored? Clinical Bottom Line: Current evidence regarding the reliability of the original tuck jump assessment and modified tuck jump assessment are conflicting.

scholarly journals The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7900
Author(s):  
Carles Miguel Guillem ◽  
Andrés Felipe Loaiza-Betancur ◽  
Tamara Rial Rebullido ◽  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Iván Chulvi-Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Composition Changes

The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m2). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.93 mmHg (95% CI: −2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Effects of Combining a Ketogenic Diet with Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Mechanical Power in Trained Individuals: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3083
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Adrián Castillo-García ◽  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Fernando Naclerio
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Total Body

Ketogenic diets (KD) have gained popularity in recent years among strength-trained individuals. The present review summarizes current evidence—with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials—on the effects of KD on body composition and muscle performance (strength and power output) in strength-trained individuals. Although long-term studies (>12 weeks) are lacking, growing evidence supports the effectiveness of an ad libitum and energy-balanced KD for reducing total body and fat mass, at least in the short term. However, no or negligible benefits on body composition have been observed when comparing hypocaloric KD with conventional diets resulting in the same energy deficit. Moreover, some studies suggest that KD might impair resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, sometimes with concomitant decrements in muscle performance, at least when expressed in absolute units and not relative to total body mass (e.g., one-repetition maximum). KD might therefore be a beneficial strategy for promoting fat loss, although it might not be a recommendable option to gain muscle mass and strength/power. More research is needed on the adoption of strategies for avoiding the potentially detrimental effect of KD on muscle mass and strength/power (e.g., increasing protein intake, reintroduction of carbohydrates before competition). In summary, evidence is as yet scarce to support a major beneficial effect of KD on body composition or performance in strength-trained individuals. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness and safety of this type of diet remains to be determined.

Immediate Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Programs Compared With Passive Stretching Programs for Hamstring Flexibility: A Critically Appraised Topic

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian J. Hill ◽  
Kendall P. Robinson ◽  
Jennifer W. Cuchna ◽  
Matthew C. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility

Clinical Scenario:Increasing hamstring flexibility through clinical stretching interventions may be an effective means to prevent hamstring injuries. However the most effective method to increase hamstring flexibility has yet to be determined.Clinical Question:For a healthy individual, are proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching programs more effective in immediately improving hamstring flexibility when compared with static stretching programs?Summary of Key Findings:A thorough literature search returned 195 possible studies; 5 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Current evidence supports the use of PNF stretching or static stretching programs for increasing hamstring flexibility. However, neither program demonstrated superior effectiveness when examining immediate increases in hamstring flexibility.Clinical Bottom Line:There were consistent findings from multiple low-quality studies that indicate there is no difference in the immediate improvements in hamstring flexibility when comparing PNF stretching programs to static stretching programs in physically active adults.Strength of Recommendation:Grade B evidence exists that PNF and static stretching programs equally increase hamstring flexibility immediately following the stretching program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document