How School Social and Physical Environments Relate to Autonomous Motivation in Physical Education: The Mediating Role of Need Satisfaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Rutten ◽  
Filip Boen ◽  
Jan Seghers

Based on the self-determination theory, this study investigated the mediating role of the satisfaction of the three psychological needs (need for competence, relatedness and autonomy) in the relation between need support from the physical education (PE) teacher and autonomous motivation to engage in PE and between the physical school environment and autonomous motivation to engage in PE. Data were collected from 2418 6th grade children. Analyses were performed using bootstrapping. The results showed that perceptions of competence and autonomy mediated the relation between need support from the PE teacher and autonomous motivation. Moreover, the perception of autonomy also mediated the relation between the physical school environment and autonomous motivation. These findings suggest that not only the PE teacher but also the physical school environment is able to promote autonomous motivation by satisfying the need for autonomy.

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Eliana V. Carraça

Investigações anteriores, desenvolvidas no contexto da educação física (EF), têm vindo a incorporar e testar vários pressupostos da teoria da autodeterminação (TAD). Porém, permanecem ainda várias lacunas nesta área (ex. impacto de um clima de suporte às necessidades psicológicas básicas no envolvimento das pessoas nas tarefas). Assim, este estudo transversal examinou um modelo motivacional baseado nos pressupostos da TAD e explorou a sua invariância entre géneros e ciclos de escolaridade. A amostra foi constituída por 1390 alunos Portugueses (52.5% raparigas; idade média, 15 anos) do 3º ciclo (12-14 anos) e ensino secundário (15-17 anos). Questionários validados internacionalmente foram utilizados para avaliar a perceção de uso de estratégias motivacionais, a satisfação de necessidades, motivações e envolvimento nas aulas de EF. As correlações bivariadas entre as estratégias percecionadas, necessidades básicas, motivações e as dimensões do envolvimento mostraram os padrões de associação esperados. As análises de mediação revelaram que os alunos que percepcionaram maior utilização de estratégias de suporte às necessidades básicas experienciaram níveis mais elevados de satisfação destas necessidades, o que, por sua vez, se associou a motivações mais autónomas e a níveis mais elevados de envolvimento nas aulas de EF. As estratégias percecionadas também se relacionaram positivamente com o envolvimento nas aulas via níveis mais baixos de amotivação para a EF (mas com menor poder explicativo). Na sua generalidade, as análises de invariância suportaram a universalidade da sequência motivacional proposta pela TAD. Este estudo dá suporte aos pressupostos da TAD e corrobora a sua aplicação no contexto da educação física, ampliando a evidência neste campo.Resumen. Las investigaciones basadas en los postulados la teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD) desarrolladas en el contexto de la educación física (EF) se han visto incrementadas. Sin embargo, aún quedan varias lagunas en la literatura (ej., impacto de un ambiente de aprendizaje de apoyo en el compromiso de los estudiantes). Como tal, este estudio transversal examinó un modelo de motivación basado en los principios de la teoría de la autodeterminación, y analizó la invarianza del modelo en función del género y del ciclo de estudios. Los participantes fueron 1390 estudiantes portugueses (52,5% mujeres: edad media = 15 años) del 3º ciclo de estudios (12-14 años) y de la enseñanza secundaria (15-17 años). Se utilizaron cuestionarios validados internacionalmente para evaluar la percepción de estrategias de motivación, las necesidades, motivaciones y el compromiso en las clases de EF. Las correlaciones bivariadas entre la percepción de estrategias de apoyo, la satisfacción de las necesidades, las motivaciones y dimensiones de compromiso confirmaron los patrones de asociación esperados. El análisis de mediación reveló que los estudiantes que perciben el uso de estrategias de apoyo mostraron mayor satisfacción de las necesidades, las cuales, a su vez se asociaron con más motivaciones autónomas y mayores niveles de implicación en las clases. La percepción de apoyo también se relacionó con la implicación en EF a través de los niveles bajos en la amotivación (aunque mostrando menor poder explicativo). Por último, la secuencia de motivación en general se mostró invariante en función del género y el ciclo de estudios. Este estudio apoya los presupuestos de la TAD y apoya su aplicación en el contexto de la educación física, ampliando la evidencia en este campo.Abstract. Prior research conducted in the context of school physical education (PE) has increasingly incorporated and tested several postulations of self-determination theory (SDT). Yet, there still remain several gaps in the SDT-related literature (e.g. impact of a need-supportive social context on one’s engagement in behaviors). As such, the present cross-sectional study examined a model of motivation based on the tenets of self-determination theory, and explored the invariance of the model across gender and education cycle. Participants were 1390 Portuguese students (52.5% female; mean age, 15 years-old) belonging to the 3rd (12-14 years-old) and secondary cycle of studies (15-17 years-old). Internationally validated questionnaires were used to measure need support, need satisfaction, motivation, and engagement in PE. Bivariate correlations between perceived strategies, needs’ satisfaction, motivations and engagement dimensions showed the expected patterns of association. Mediation analysis revealed that students who perceived the use of need-supporting strategies experienced greater levels of need satisfaction, which, in turn predicted autonomous motivation, which, in turn, linked to engagement in PE classes. Perceived strategies also related to PE engagement through reduced levels of amotivation (though showing lower explanatory power). Invariance analysis generally supported the universality of the SDT motivational sequence, across gender and cycle of studies. This study provides support for self-determination theory and corroborates the application of the framework to the context of school PE, extending research in this field.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-842
Author(s):  
Par Eric Dose ◽  
Pascale Desrumaux ◽  
Jean-Luc Bernaud ◽  
Catherine Hellemans

This study was aimed at examining the extent to which well-being at work is linked to self-esteem and psychosocial resources such as leader-member exchange (LMX). Drawing on self-determination theory, we looked at whether psychological needs (perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness) act as specific mediators between self-esteem and well-being, and between LMX and well-being. Two hundred and twenty four employment counselors (psychologists) from a French national employment office (Pôle emploi) answered a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Hayes and Preacher’s method for testing multiple mediations. The results showed that satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness mediated the links between self-esteem and LMX as inductors, and well-being as a criterion. These findings confirm the relevance of self-esteem and LMX for counselors, and of the importance of need satisfaction that plays a critical role in matters of well-being.


Author(s):  
David Sánchez-Oliva ◽  
Athanasios Mouratidis ◽  
Francisco M. Leo ◽  
José L. Chamorro ◽  
Juan J. Pulido ◽  
...  

Using self-determination theory as a framework, we aimed to study the relationships between perceived need support and need satisfaction with self-determined motivation and extracurricular physical activity intentions in the physical education (PE) classroom, including sex and out-of-school sport participation as moderators. Additionally, we aimed to test whether a need-supportive classroom environment in PE moderates these associations. Participants were 1259 students (556 males) aged between 12 to 16 years (Mage = 13.46 years; SD = 0.74) from 77 PE classes. At the student level we found (a) need satisfaction to predict positively autonomous motivation and negatively amotivation, and (b) autonomous motivation to predict positively and amotivation to predict negatively intentions to undertake extracurricular physical activities. At the classroom level, in need-supportive classes males benefit more than females in terms of increased autonomous motivation while females benefit more than males in terms of decreased amotivation. Finally, class-level perceived need support moderated (i.e., attenuated) the negative association between need satisfaction and amotivation and between amotivation and intentions. These results suggest a buffering role that a need-supportive classroom environment may have on students’ motivation and behavior.


Author(s):  
Edward L. Deci ◽  
Richard M. Ryan

Self-determination theory maintains and has provided empirical support for the proposition that all human beings have fundamental psychological needs to be competent, autonomous, and related to others. Satisfaction of these basic needs facilitates people's autonomous motivation (i.e., acting with a sense of full endorsement and volition), whereas thwarting the needs promotes controlled motivation (i.e., feeling pressured to behave in particular ways) or being amotivated (i.e., lacking intentionality). Satisfying these basic needs and acting autonomously have been consistently shown to be associated with psychological health and effective performance. Social contexts within which people operate, however proximal (e.g., a family or workgroup) or distal (e.g., a cultural value or economic system), affect their need satisfaction and type of motivation, thus affecting their wellness and effectiveness. Social contexts also affect whether people's life goals or aspirations tend to be more intrinsic or more extrinsic, and that in turn affects important life outcomes.


Author(s):  
Wei Hong ◽  
Ru-De Liu ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Rui Zhen ◽  
Ronghuan Jiang ◽  
...  

Psychological needs dissatisfaction has been identified as hindering adaptive development, in which autonomy need dissatisfaction, as one core component, may be associated with adolescents’ maladaptive online behaviors. Sporadic research has examined the association between autonomy need dissatisfaction and problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). Boredom proneness and mobile phone gaming were suggested to be linked to this association. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of boredom proneness and mobile phone gaming in the association between autonomy need dissatisfaction and PMPU. A total of 358 secondary school students completed questionnaires at three waves; autonomy need dissatisfaction was measured in time 1 (T1); boredom proneness and mobile phone gaming were measured one year later (time 2, T2); PMPU was measured two years later (time 3, T3). The structural equation model results showed that T1 autonomy need dissatisfaction not only directly predicted T3 PMPU, but also exerted effects via the mediating role of T2 boredom proneness and the chain mediating role of T2 boredom proneness and T2 mobile phone gaming. These findings reveal the unique role of specific psychological need in engaging PMPU, which provides support to targeted interventions, such that promoting autonomy need satisfaction may be an instrumental procedure to prevent adolescents from addiction-like online behaviors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Jasmina Knežević ◽  
Tatjana Krstić

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether satisfied basic psychological needs reduce the perception of threat generated by job insecurity, defined as self-assessment of the availability of the working role to its performers in the foreseeable future. The study included 310 participants employed in 24 companies, who completed the Perception of Job Insecurity Scale and Need Satisfaction Scale. The hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analyses. The results point to the importance of two basic needs – Autonomy and Competence – as factors that reduce the level of perceived job insecurity. This study broadens the understanding of personality resources as factors that moderate the perception of job insecurity and confirms the self-determination theory in the organisational context. Satisfying the needs for autonomy and competence can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at strengthening resilience to stress in employees.


Author(s):  
Martin S. Hagger ◽  
Cleo Protogerou

Self-determination theory has been applied to understand the role of affect in motivation and behavior in health contexts. According to self-determination theory, autonomous forms of motivation, reflecting self-endorsed reasons for acting and the satisfaction of psychological needs, are related to participation and persistence in health behavior. Research examining the role of affect in determining health behavior from the perspective of the theory is relatively sparse. Affect has served as both an outcome and process in applications of the theory to health behavior. Positive affect and psychological well-being have been identified as important outcomes of participating in behaviors for autonomous reasons. Affect is inextricably linked to motivational processes through eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, the passionate pursuit of activities, and the regulation of behavior through active management of aversive emotional responses. The chapter outlines how support for autonomous motivation by significant others may lead to adaptive behavioral engagement and affective responses in health behavior.


Author(s):  
Shannon S C Herrick ◽  
Meredith A Rocchi ◽  
Shane N Sweet ◽  
Lindsay R Duncan

Abstract Background LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc.) individuals experience challenges such as discrimination and marginalization (referred to as minority stressors) that are detrimental to their mental and physical health. Specifically, proximal or internalized LGBTQ+ minority stressors may influence motivation for and willingness to participate in physical activity. Purpose To explore whether proximal LGBTQ+ minority stressors relate to the basic psychological needs—motivation—physical activity pathway, as per self-determination theory. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was completed by 778 self-identified LGBTQ+ adults. Structural equation modelling analyses were used to examine how proximal LGBTQ+ minority stressors relate to the motivational sequence. Results Findings support that proximal LGBTQ+ minority stressors are negatively associated with psychological need satisfaction within physical activity (β = −.36), which in turn is positively associated with autonomous motivation (β = .53) and reported physical activity participation (β = .32). Overall, the final model accounted for 13% of variance in need satisfaction (small effect size), 53% of variance in autonomous motivation (moderate-large effect size), and 10% of variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (small effect size). Conclusions Future research focused on increasing LGBTQ+ participation in physical activity should investigate the effects of (a) reducing proximal LGBTQ+ minority stressors and (b) better supporting LGBTQ+ adults’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness within physical activity contexts.


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