Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Anaerobic Performance in Teenage Athletes

Although pre-event static stretching (SS) is an accepted practice in most youth programs, pre-event dynamic exercise (DY) is becoming popular. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of pre-event SS, DY, and combined SS and DY (SDY) on vertical jump (VJ), medicine-ball toss (MB), 10-yard sprint (SP), and pro-agility shuttle run (AG) in teenage athletes (15.5 ± 0.9 years). Thirty athletes participated in three testing sessions in random order on three nonconsecutive days. Before testing, participants performed 5 min of walking/jogging followed by one of the following 10 min warm-up protocols: a) five static stretches (2 × 30 s), b) nine moderate-to-high-intensity dynamic movements (2 × 10 yards), or c) five static stretches (1 × 30 s) followed by the same nine dynamic movements (1 × 10 yards). Statistical analysis of the data revealed that performance on the VJ, MB, and SP were significantly (p < .05) improved after DY and SDY as compared with SS. There were no significant differences in AG after the 3 warm-up treatments. The results of this study indicate that pre-event dynamic exercise or static stretching followed by dynamic exercise might be more beneficial than pre-event static stretching alone in teenage athletes who perform power activities.

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Acute effects of different stretching and warm up protocols on some anaerobic motoric tests, flexibility and balance in junior male judokas

Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports ◽

10.15561/26649837.2020.0403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

Özgür Eken ◽

Mehmet Z. Özkol ◽

Saadet R. Varol

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strength Improvement

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate acute effects of different warm-up and stretching protocols, on 30 m. sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, strength, balance and anaerobic power performances in junior male judokas. Material and Methods: Twenty sub-elite 11-14 year old judokas who volunteered to participate in the study (age: 12,25±0,96 years; height: 1,52±0,11cm; body mass: 48,06±14,22 kg). This study consist of four different stretching and warm up protocols; without stretching (WS); static stretching (SS); dynamic warm up (DW); dynamic+static warm up (DSW). Results: The effect of the four stretching and warm up protocols were analysed by an ANOVA for repeated measures (WS x SS x DW x DSW). After stretching and warm up protocols, 30 m. sprint values are statistically significance (p<0.05). There was find statistically significant between WS and DSW, SS and DW, DW and DSW (p<0.05). There were no significant difference is found on flexibility values between four stretching and warm up protocols (p>0.05). There was only significant difference is found between WS and SS (p<0.05). Altough leg strength performance wasn’t statistically significant (p>0.05), there was found significant differences between WS and DSW, SS and DSW in favour of DSW (p<0.05). Other parameters like vertical jump, balance and back strength performance weren’t statistically significant after four stretching and warm up protocols. Conclusions: Consequently it is suggested for coaches and judokas that SS are required for developing flexibility performance and DSW can suggest for leg strength improvement.

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Acute Effects of Ballistic vs. Passive Static Stretching Involved in a Prematch Warm-up on Vertical Jump and Linear Sprint Performance in Soccer Players

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000002477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samuel López Mariscal ◽

Víctor Sánchez Garcia ◽

José C. Fernández-García ◽

Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up

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Time Course of Changes in Vertical-Jumping Ability After Static Stretching

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2.2.170 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 170-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jason Brandenburg ◽

William A. Pitney ◽

Paul E. Luebbers ◽

Arun Veera ◽

Alicja Czajka

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Warm Up ◽

Vertical Jumping ◽

Main Effect ◽

Induced Changes

Purpose:To examine the acute effects of static stretching on countermovement vertical-jump (CMVJ) ability and monitor the time course of any stretch-induced changes.Methods:Once familiarized, 16 experienced jumpers completed 2 testing sessions in a randomized order. Each session consisted of a general warm-up, a pretreatment CMVJ assessment, a treatment, and multiple posttreatment CMVJ assessments. One treatment included lower-body static stretching, and the second treatment, involving no stretching, was the control. Posttreatment CMVJ measures occurred immediately, 3, 6, 12, and 24 minutes posttreatment. Stretching consisted of 3 static-stretching exercises, with each exercise repeated 3 times and each repetition held for 30 s.Results:Prestretch CMVJ height equaled 47.1 (± 9.7) cm. CMVJ height immediately poststretch was 45.7 (± 9.2) cm, and it remained depressed during the 24-min follow-up period. Pre-no-stretch CMVJ height was 48.4 (± 9.8) cm, whereas immediately post-no-stretch CMVJ height equaled 46.8 (± 9.5) cm, and as in the stretch treatment, post-no-stretch CMVJ height remained lower than pre-no-stretch values. Although there was a significant main effect of time (P = .005), indicating that CMVJ was lower and remained impaired after both treatments, no significant interaction effect (P = .749) was observed.Conclusion:In comparison with the no-activity control, static stretching resulted in similar reductions in CMVJ ability when examined over the same time course, so athletes preparing for CMVJ should avoid periods of inactivity, as well as static stretching.

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The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i4.4058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Bulent Turna ◽

Asuman Sahan ◽

Bahar Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Tennis Serve ◽

Playing Time ◽

Homogeneous Data ◽

Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

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Acute Effects Of Different Stretching Durations on Vertical Jump Performance in Rhythmic Gymnasts

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v3i82.316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (82) ◽

Author(s):

Nuriye Özengin ◽

Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽

Gül Baltacı ◽

Nerijus Masiulis

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Effective Means ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽

Stretching Exercises

Research background. Stretching is believed to enhance performance, reduce injury, and be an effective means of developing flexibility and alleviating muscular soreness (Shellock, Prentice, 1985; Brandy et al., 1997). A review of the current literature shows that the results of many studies conflict with others; some report that static stretching diminishes vertical jum (VJ) performance (Cornwell et al., 2001; McNeal, Sands, 2003; Wallmann et al., 2005), whereas others report that static stretching has no effect at all on VJ (Church et al., 2001; Power et al., 2004; Unick et al., 2005). Research aim, was to examine the effects of different durations of stretching on performance and to find the stretching durations that affect the performance negatively or positively. Research methods. The subjects of the study were 27 rhythmic gymnasts with the mean age of 10.00 ± 1.2 years. The subjects as a whole group participated in two different stretching programs on nonconsecutive days to eliminate the effect of individual differences on the performance. On the first day, athletes were asked to warm up by 5 minute jogging after the pretest was administered. The posttest measured the vertical jump performance after athletes stayed inactive for 20 minutes. They rested for a day and on the third day, their performance was measured again. After the 5 minute warm-up period, 10 repetitions of 15 seconds static stretching exercises for hip flexor, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle groups were followed by the posttest. Moreover, on the fifth day 30-second exercises were repeated five times on the same type of muscles. The participants in this investigation were tested in individual vertical jump performances following warm-up only, warm-up plus 15 seconds static stretching, and warm-up plus 30 seconds. Research results. Results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a nonsignificant difference for vertical jump performance (F = 2.052; p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Stretching exercises are referred in rhythmic gymnastics more intensively than other sports. Relevant literature displays fewer stretching repetitions and durations. These durations and repetitions may not be realistic and practical for rhythmic gymnasts. Therefore, the durations and repetitions utilized in this study are considered more appropriate for rhythmic gymnastics trainings. Rhythmic gymnasts may make use of duration and repetitions determined in this study that will not affect their performance.Keywords: anaerobic power, gymnastics, exercise.

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The effects of cluster-set and traditional-set post activation potentiation protocols on vertical jump performance

10.31236/osf.io/daq6n ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Dello Iacono ◽

Marco Beato ◽

Israel Halperin

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Muscular Fatigue ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Cluster Set ◽

Squat Jumps

Purpose. To compare the acute effects of two post activation potentiation (PAP) protocols using traditional or cluster-set configurations on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods. Twenty-six male basketball players were evaluated on three occasions separated by 72 hours. On the first session, athletes performed barbell squat jumps with progressively heavier loads to determine their individual optimum power loads. On the second and third sessions, athletes completed two PAP protocols in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 3 sets of 6 repetitions of squat jumps using optimum power loads performed with either a traditional (no inter-repetition rest) or a cluster-set (20 s rest every 2 repetitions) configurations. After a comprehensive warm-up, CMJ height was measured using a force platform before, 30 s, 4 min, and 8 min after completing the PAP protocols. Results. While at post-30 s athletes jumped lower compared to baseline in both conditions, jump heights were 0.71 cm higher following the cluster-set compared to the traditional condition (95% CI: 0.37, 1.05 cm). While athletes jumped higher compared to baseline at post-4 and post-8 min in both conditioning, jump heights were higher following the cluster-set compared to the traditional condition in post-4 min by 1.33 cm (95% CI: 1.02, 1.65 cm) and in post-8 min by 1.64 cm (95% CI: 1.41, 1.88 cm). Conclusions. Both traditional and cluster-set configurations induced a PAP response in vertical jump performance using optimum power loaded squat jumps, but the cluster-set configuration led to superior performance likely due to the reduced accumulation of muscular fatigue.

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The Acute Effects of Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Athletic Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bethany L. Anderson ◽

Rod A. Harter ◽

James L. Farnsworth

Keyword(s):

Athletic Performance ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Foam Rolling ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

And Performance

Clinical Scenario: Dynamic stretching and foam rolling are commonly used by athletes to reduce injury and enhance recovery, thereby improving athletic performance. In contrast to dynamic stretching, little research has been conducted on the acute effects of foam rolling as part of the preexercise warm-up routine. Previously, when researchers implemented foam rolling with static stretching as a warm-up, some found that foam rolling slightly improved flexibility and performance outcomes. More recent research has shown that dynamic stretching is favorable to static stretching when used as a warm-up strategy. Therefore, adding foam rolling to dynamic stretching is hypothesized to create more significant improvements in flexibility and performance compared with adding foam rolling to static stretching. Focused Clinical Question: In active individuals, does foam rolling in addition to dynamic stretching lead to enhanced performance compared with dynamic stretching alone? Summary of Key Findings: Four randomized controlled trials were included. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling to dynamic stretching increased vertical jump height more than dynamic stretching alone, while 2 studies found no difference between these treatment groups. Two studies concluded that the addition of foam rolling increased agility performance compared with dynamic stretching alone, while one study found no difference between treatment groups and one study did not measure agility. All 4 studies reviewed concluded that foam rolling did not improve flexibility more than dynamic stretching alone. Clinical Bottom Line: Foam rolling in conjunction with dynamic stretching may further improve an athlete’s agility and power output; however, little improvement has been observed with foam rolling in regard to athlete flexibility when compared with completing dynamic stretching programs alone. Strength of Recommendation: Inconsistent findings from 4 randomized controlled trials suggest there is Grade C evidence to support the inclusion of foam rolling in a dynamic warm-up.

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