The Role of Cytokines in the Depression of CYP1A Activity Using Cultured Astrocytes as an in Vitro Model of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Nicholson ◽  
Kenneth W. Renton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Cyp1a Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract 2038: Establishment and analysis of an in vitro model for hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martins Metelo ◽  
Elizabeth Lockerman ◽  
Fred Barker ◽  
Jeffrey Engelman ◽  
Othon Iliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitro Model

Neurospheres: a potential in vitro model for the study of central nervous system disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Fernanda Majolo ◽  
Ana Paula Bornes da Silva ◽  
Jaderson Costa da Costa ◽  
Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Targeting Smoothened as a New Frontier in the Functional Recovery of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Del Giovane ◽  
Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Myelin sheaths on vertebrate axons provide protection, vital support and increase the speed of neuronal signals. Myelin degeneration can be caused by viral, autoimmune or genetic diseases. Remyelination is a natural process that restores the myelin sheath and, consequently, neuronal function after a demyelination event, preventing neurodegeneration and thereby neuron functional loss. Pharmacological approaches to remyelination represent a promising new frontier in the therapy of human demyelination pathologies and might provide novel tools to improve adaptive myelination in aged individuals. Recent phenotypical screens have identified agonists of the atypical G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened and inhibitors of the glioma-associated oncogene 1 as being amongst the most potent stimulators of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in vitro and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of studies on the role of Sonic Hedgehog reactivation during remyelination, referring readers to other reviews for the role of Hedgehog signaling in cancer and stem cell maintenance.

scholarly journals Living Proof of Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7294
Author(s):  
Shadi Mahjoum ◽  
David Rufino-Ramos ◽  
Luís Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Marike L. D. Broekman ◽  
Xandra O. Breakefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rna And Dna

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with highly specialized functions. For optimal functioning of the CNS, in disease and in health, intricate communication between these cells is vital. One important mechanism of cellular communication is the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane enclosed particles actively released by cells, containing a wide array of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. These EVs can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells, and influence a wide range of processes. Due to the complexity and relative inaccessibility of the CNS, our current understanding of the role of EVs is mainly derived in vitro work. However, recently new methods and techniques have opened the ability to study the role of EVs in the CNS in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current developments in our understanding of the role of EVs in the CNS in vivo.

The role of exogenous heart-RNA in development of the chick embryo cultivated in vitro

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
M. C. Niu ◽  
L. Mulherkar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chick Blastoderm ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Formation

The physiological effect of fresh calf heart-RNA was studied on the explanted chick blastoderm at the definitive streak stage. It was found that heart-RNA interferes with normal development of the central nervous system, especially forebrain, and of the body axis, but not with normal development of the heart. To analyse this effect further, the untreated and RNA-treated fragments of the antero-lateral blastoderm were investigated by intrablastodermal transplant and in vitro. Approximately 50% of the treated grafts transplanted intrablastodermally developed into heart, but none of the controls. In vitro formation of the heart-like structure was found in 45% of the heart-RNA-treated series as opposed to 20% of the PC saline controls and none of the liver-RNA series. When theexplants of the presumptive forebrain were treated with heart-RNA and cultured in isolation in vitro, 11% developed into brain vesicle compared with 76% of the controls. It appears, therefore, that heart-RNA has somehow collaborated with the macromolecules responsible for heart formation but interfered with those responsible for the development of the central nervous system.

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