scholarly journals Pollen tube contents initiate ovule enlargement and enhance seed coat development without fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryushiro D. Kasahara ◽  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Shiori Nagahara ◽  
Takamasa Suzuki ◽  
Daichi Susaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Tube Content ◽  
Endosperm Mutants ◽  
Autonomous Endosperm

In angiosperms, pollen tubes carry two sperm cells toward the egg and central cells to complete double fertilization. In animals, not only sperm but also seminal plasma is required for proper fertilization. However, little is known regarding the function of pollen tube content (PTC), which is analogous to seminal plasma. We report that the PTC plays a vital role in the prefertilization state and causes an enlargement of ovules without fertilization. We termed this phenomenon as pollen tube–dependent ovule enlargement morphology and placed it between pollen tube guidance and double fertilization. Additionally, PTC increases endosperm nuclei without fertilization when combined with autonomous endosperm mutants. This finding could be applied in agriculture, particularly in enhancing seed formation without fertilization in important crops.

Female gametophyte-controlled pollen tube guidance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Luiza Márton ◽  
Thomas Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
Extensive Cell

During the evolution of flowering plants, their sperm cells have lost mobility and are transported from the stigma to the female gametophyte via the pollen tube to achieve double fertilization. Pollen tube growth and guidance is largely governed by the maternal sporophytic tissues of the stigma, style and ovule. However, the last phase of the pollen tube path is under female gametophyte control and is expected to require extensive cell–cell communication events between both gametophytes. Until recently, little was known about the molecules produced by the female gametophyte that are involved in this process. In the present paper, we review the most recent development in this field and focus on the role of secreted candidate signalling ligands.

Pathfinding in angiosperm reproduction: pollen tube guidance by pistils ensures successful double fertilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravishankar Palanivelu ◽  
Tatsuya Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance

scholarly journals The Long Journey of Pollen Tube in the Pistil

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang Zheng ◽  
Xian-Ju Lin ◽  
Hui-Min Liang ◽  
Fang-Fei Wang ◽  
Li-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Pass Through

In non-cleistogamous plants, the male gametophyte, the pollen grain is immotile and exploits various agents, such as pollinators, wind, and even water, to arrive to a receptive stigma. The complex process of pollination involves a tubular structure, i.e., the pollen tube, which delivers the two sperm cells to the female gametophyte to enable double fertilization. The pollen tube has to penetrate the stigma, grow in the style tissues, pass through the septum, grow along the funiculus, and navigate to the micropyle of the ovule. It is a long journey for the pollen tube and its two sperm cells before they meet the female gametophyte, and it requires very accurate regulation to perform successful fertilization. In this review, we update the knowledge of molecular dialogues of pollen-pistil interaction, especially the progress of pollen tube activation and guidance, and give perspectives for future research.

scholarly journals Persistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Motomura ◽  
Hidenori Takeuchi ◽  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Haruna Tsuchi ◽  
Atsushi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Vegetative Nucleus ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Directional Growth

AbstractDuring the double fertilization process, pollen tubes deliver two sperm cells to an ovule containing the female gametes. In the pollen tube, the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells move together to the apical region where the vegetative nucleus is thought to play a crucial role in controlling the direction and growth of the pollen tube. Here, we report the generation of pollen tubes in Arabidopsis thaliana whose vegetative nucleus and sperm cells are isolated and sealed by callose plugs in the basal region due to apical transport defects induced by mutations in the WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and sperm cell-specific expression of a dominant mutant of the CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 protein. Through pollen-tube guidance assays, we show that the physiologically anuclear mutant pollen tubes maintain the ability to grow and enter ovules. Our findings provide insight into the sperm cell delivery mechanism and illustrate the independence of the tip-localized vegetative nucleus from directional growth control of the pollen tube.

scholarly journals Spermatozoa Obtained From Alpaca vas deferens. Effects of Seminal Plasma Added at Post-thawing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Aisen ◽  
Wilfredo Huanca López ◽  
Manuel G. Pérez Durand ◽  
Edita Torres Mamani ◽  
Juan C. Villanueva Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Thawing Process

The viscous seminal plasma (SP) is currently a major impediment to the handling of ejaculate and the development of some biotechnologies in South American camelids. The vas deferens-collected spermatozoa of alpacas is a useful technique to avoid this problem. On the other hand, SP contains a large protein component that has been implicated in the function of spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract. In this sense, the low fertility achieved using transcervical insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in alpacas could be improved by adding SP. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the whole SP on some in vitro parameters of alpaca spermatozoa after the freezing-thawing-process and the fertility after artificial insemination. It would contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between thawed sperm cells and SP. Spermatozoa were obtained by surgically diverted vas deferens. The samples were diluted with a Tris-based extender, packaged in straws, and frozen. At thawing, each straw was divided into two post-thawing conditions: with the addition of 10% of PBS (control) or with 10% SP (treatment). The sperm cells were evaluated using dynamic parameters, sperm cell morphology, and morphometry. Fertility was assessed by an artificial insemination trial. All in vitro parameters were analyzed by ANOVA. A heterogeneity test was scheduled for the fertility trial. After the freezing-thawing process, motility and plasma membrane functionality was improved when SP was added. No differences were found for post-thaw viability between the control and treatment samples. The percentage of normal cells was higher with SP at post-thawing, and a decrease of the presence of bent tailed spermatozoa with a droplet in the SP group was observed. The length of the head spermatozoa was 3.4% higher in the samples with PBS compared to those in which SP was added. Females pregnant at day 25 post-insemination were 0/12 (with SP inside the straw) and 1/10 (without SP inside the straw). In conclusion, the presence of 10% SP at post-thawing improves sperm cells' motility, functionality, and morphology, indicating that it would be beneficial to improve the frozen-thawed alpaca's physiology spermatozoa. More fertility trials must be developed to increase this knowledge.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Lipid Profile of Sperm Cells and Seminal Plasma With Lipid Profile of Serum in Infertile Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidar Tavilani ◽  
Akram Vatannejad ◽  
Maryam Akbarzadeh ◽  
Mojgan Atabakhash ◽  
Saeed Khosropour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Infertile Men

scholarly journals Arabidopsis HAP2 (GCS1) is a sperm-specific gene required for pollen tube guidance and fertilization

Development ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (23) ◽  
pp. 4761-4769 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. von Besser ◽  
A. C. Frank ◽  
M. A. Johnson ◽  
D. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance

scholarly journals The Central Cell Plays a Critical Role in Pollen Tube Guidance in Arabidopsis

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3563-3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Chen ◽  
Hong-Ju Li ◽  
Dong-Qiao Shi ◽  
Li Yuan ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Central Cell ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance
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