scholarly journals Road development in Asia: Assessing the range-wide risks to tigers

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. eaaz9619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Carter ◽  
Alexander Killion ◽  
Tara Easter ◽  
Jodi Brandt ◽  
Adam Ford
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Tiger Conservation

Roads are proliferating worldwide at an unprecedented rate, with potentially severe impacts on wildlife. We calculated the extent and potential impacts of road networks across the 1,160,000-km2, 13-country range of the globally endangered tiger (Panthera tigris)—a conservation umbrella species. We found that roads were pervasive, totaling 134,000 km across tiger conservation landscapes (TCLs), even in tiger priority sites and protected areas. Approximately 43% of the area where tiger breeding occurs and 57% of the area in TCLs fell within the road-effect zone. Consequently, current road networks may be decreasing tiger and prey abundances by more than 20%. Nearly 24,000 km of new roads will be built in TCLs by 2050, stimulated through major investment projects such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Given that roads will be a pervasive challenge to tiger recovery in the future, we urge decision-makers to make sustainable road development a top priority.

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Blues: Powering BRI Research Back on Track to Avoid Choppy Seas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc F. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThis piece examines and critiques the massive literature on China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It details how research currently seems stuck on the road to nowhere. In addition, it identifies a number of the potholes that collective research endeavors are hitting such as that they are poorly synchronized. It also stresses that lines of analysis are proliferating rather than optimizing, with studies broadening in thematic coverage, rather than becoming deeper. It points out that BRI participants are regularly related to the role of a bit player in many analyses and research often is disconnected from other literatures. Among other things, this article recommends analysts focus on the Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) or Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) in specific regions or countries. It also argues for a research core that focuses on the implementation issue (i.e., the issue of MSRI and SREB project implementation), project effects (i.e., the economic and political costs and benefits of projects), and the translation issue (i.e., the domestic and foreign policy effects of projects) and does work that goes beyond the usual suspects. On a related note, research need to identify, more precisely, participants and projects, undertake causal analysis, and take into account countervailing factors. Furthermore, studies need to make more extensive use of the Chinese foreign policy literature. Moreover, works examining subjects like soft power need to improve variable conceptualization and operationalization and deliver more nuanced analyses. Finally, studies, especially by area specialists, should take the area, not the China, perspective.

scholarly journals Sharing the Spoils: Winners and Losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-404
Author(s):  
SiuSue Mark ◽  
Indra Overland ◽  
Roman Vakulchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

This article studies the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on economic actors in Myanmar. It hypothesizes that the BRI has strong transformative potential, because Chinese projects are likely to transform Myanmar’s economy on different scales and influence the allocation of economic benefits and losses for different actors. The study identifies economic actors in Myanmar who are likely to be most affected by BRI projects. It also discusses how BRI-related investments could affect the country’s complex conflict dynamics. The article concludes with policy recommendations for decision makers in Myanmar, China, and the international community for mitigating the BRI’s possible negative impacts. The analysis draws on secondary sources and primary data collection in the form of interviews with key actors in Hsipaw, Lashio, and Yangon, involved with and informed about the BRI in Myanmar at the local, regional, and national levels.

scholarly journals A Belt and Road Initiative na mídia brasileira

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-151
Author(s):  
Ian Prates ◽  
Carolina Lages ◽  
Vitor Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road

Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação da percepção da Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) na mídia brasileira. Essa avaliação é relevante diante do movimento de aproximação entre os países e da especulação da entrada do Brasil na BRI, embora o país tenha mantido uma distância deliberada da iniciativa. Nesse contexto, o sucesso de uma possível adesão ao BRI pelo Brasil – uma democracia pluralista e multipartidária – depende em larga medida do grau de consenso em torno dos temas, seja nas arenas formais de decisão, seja junto à opinião pública. O trabalho analisou 266 artigos/reportagens/colunas de opinião dos principais veículos de comunicação brasileiro entre 2017 e 2019. Concluímos que atualmente há um elevado grau de desconhecimento sobre a BRI e que o assunto é tratado de forma ainda bastante superficial pela mídia brasileira. Esse fato configura uma especial oportunidade para iniciativas que busquem moldar a imagem da BRI entre os setores da sociedade brasileira – empresariado, decision makers, academia, membros do governo, classe política, sociedade civil e opinião pública. Por outro lado, deve-se ter em mente que o grau de polarização social e ideológica no Brasil no momento torna a construção de consensos especialmente desafiadora. 

scholarly journals Chile along the road. Changes and continuities of the Chilean development model in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Javiera Francisca Flores Urbina
Keyword(s):  
Development Model ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
The Belt And Road

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the development of a massive project of global connectivity infrastructure, known nowadays as the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). Although it was originally presented as a trade project focused on Europe and Asia, through the years the Belt and Road Initiative has been unravelled as a much more complex project. Lately, it has been extended to more territories, one of them being Latin America and the Caribbean region. Chile has already signed cooperation agreements regarding the Initiative, and cooperation in trade and connectivity between Chile and China is already taking place. This article will discuss the changes and continuities that the cooperation between Chile and China, under the scope of the Initiative, provides for the sustainable development challenges Chile faces. The article concludes that the cooperation dimensions between both countries represent elements of both changes and continuities for the model of development of Chile.

scholarly journals Central Asia as an area of China’s and Russia’s interests

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742
Author(s):  
Elena A. Egorycheva
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Belt And Road

Over the past decades, Russia and China have been steadily deepening their cooperation. It is seen in many fields: mutual trade agreements, investment and scientific cooperation, ecological and environment solutions to global issues. Russia is actively engaged in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan are engaged in it as well. Some of them are also members of the Eurasian Economic Union. The paper aimed to identify China’s and Russia’s current interests in these countries, as Central Asia (CA) is the area where Russia’s and China’s interests coincide. Trade relations between the analyzed countries are considered in it. The paper also addresses investment projects under Belt and Road Initiative, which China has been financing in CA countries.

Opportunities of Tourism Development of Mongolia Under the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-214
Author(s):  
Huilian Han ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pillar Industry ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative has had great impact on the countries on the road. The China-Mongolia-Russia corridor, as one of the six economic corridors, has seen rapid progress. In the progress, Mongolia not only plays important role as a bridge, but it actively participates in the initiative. As a leading industry, tourism has played an active role in Sino-Mongolian cultural exchanges and trade cooperation and has become a pillar industry in Mongolia. This chapter analyzes the limiting factors of Mongolian tourism and points out the new opportunities for tourism brought by the Belt and Road strategy. Though the analysis of the tourism industry in Mongolia and of the opportunities brought by the Belt and Road Initiative, the chapter has important practical significance for the investors of China and Mongolia to correctly understand the Mongolian tourism industry's development status and prospects. Thus, they will strengthen the tourism industry cooperation in the future.

scholarly journals The Cross-Culture Management of Chinese Enterprises in Poland Under the Belt and Road Initiative—Based on PEST Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Guiyu Dai ◽  
Yi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
The Road ◽  
Intercultural Communication Competence ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Belt And Road

“The Belt and Road Initiative” not only provides great opportunities but also poses enormous challenges to Chinese enterprises for further development. Along the Belt and the Road, there are different countries with unique culture characteristics, which will be the difficult challenges Chinese enterprises have to face in the overseas investment. The present study will combine PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) model with Hofstede’s culture dimensions as the theoretical basis for analyzing the potential opportunities and challenges Chinese enterprises tend to confront in Poland. Based on a detailed analysis of the opportunities and challenges, this writing proposes three tentative cross-culture management strategies: (1) Investigating the local markets and identifying the culture differences; (2) Cultivating intercultural communication competence of the cross-culture employees; (3) Acculturating to the local society and making innovation based on culture fusion, which would be referential for Chinese enterprises to seek investment opportunities in the countries along the Belt and the Road.

scholarly journals MANIFESTATION OF OPTIMAL ROUTE ALIGNMENT SELECTION OF RURAL ROAD USING GIS AND LEAST COST PATH (LCP) MODEL WITH ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUITABILITY PERSPECTIVE: A CASE STUDY IN NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sunari Magar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Prabin Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Road Networks ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
The Road ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Design Coordination ◽  
Road Development ◽  
Optimum Route ◽  
Selection Of

For the economic growth and sustainable development of any country, the road networks play a pivotal role. Hence, the selection of best route alignment for the road networks becomes even more significant. The Geographical Information System (GIS) integration with the Least Cost Path (LCP) model is used to determine the optimum route to address sustainable road development. In this study, Dupcheswor Rural Municipality, Nuwakot, Nepal and part of Langtang National Park was taken as a study area; and engineering and environmental parameters were selected to create a cost layer. Using the Least Cost Path (LCP) model, fifteen routes were generated in the GIS. All the generated fifteen routes were compared based on cost, and the optimum route was selected based on the least cost. The optimum route in this study was derived from the hybrid theme of engineering and environmental perspectives. This study suggests further research can be done to improve preliminary to detailed road alignment planning and design coordination by considering other factors.

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