scholarly journals On-chip torsion balances with femtonewton force resolution at room temperature enabled by carbon nanotube and graphene

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabd2358
Author(s):  
Lin Cong ◽  
Zi Yuan ◽  
Zaiqiao Bai ◽  
Xinhe Wang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Force Sensitivity ◽  
Force Resolution ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Torsional Balance

The torsion balance, consisting of a rigid balance beam suspended by a fine thread, is an ancient scientific instrument, yet it is still a very sensitive force sensor to date. As the force sensitivity is proportional to the lengths of the beam and thread, but inversely proportional to the fourth power of the diameter of the thread, nanomaterials should be ideal building blocks for torsion balances. Here, we report a torsional balance array on a chip with the highest sensitivity level enabled by using a carbon nanotube as the thread and a monolayer graphene coated with Al nanofilms as the beam and mirror. It is demonstrated that the femtonewton force exerted by a weak laser can be easily measured. The balances on the chip should serve as an ideal platform for investigating fundamental interactions up to zeptonewton in accuracy in the near future.

On-chip vacuum microtriode using carbon nanotube field emitters

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 3820-3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bower ◽  
W. Zhu ◽  
D. Shalom ◽  
D. Lopez ◽  
L. H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Field Emitters ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Interband Cascade Photonic Integrated Circuits on Native III-V Chip

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Meyer ◽  
Chul Soo Kim ◽  
Mijin Kim ◽  
Chadwick L. Canedy ◽  
Charles D. Merritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
Cleaved Facets ◽  
On Chip

We describe how a midwave infrared photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that combines lasers, detectors, passive waveguides, and other optical elements may be constructed on the native GaSb substrate of an interband cascade laser (ICL) structure. The active and passive building blocks may be used, for example, to fabricate an on-chip chemical detection system with a passive sensing waveguide that evanescently couples to an ambient sample gas. A variety of highly compact architectures are described, some of which incorporate both the sensing waveguide and detector into a laser cavity defined by two high-reflectivity cleaved facets. We also describe an edge-emitting laser configuration that optimizes stability by minimizing parasitic feedback from external optical elements, and which can potentially operate with lower drive power than any mid-IR laser now available. While ICL-based PICs processed on GaSb serve to illustrate the various configurations, many of the proposed concepts apply equally to quantum-cascade-laser (QCL)-based PICs processed on InP, and PICs that integrate III-V lasers and detectors on silicon. With mature processing, it should become possible to mass-produce hundreds of individual PICs on the same chip which, when singulated, will realize chemical sensing by an extremely compact and inexpensive package.

scholarly journals Micro-force measurement with pre-curvature long-period fiber grating-based sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 12009
Author(s):  
Walter S. J. Ferreira ◽  
Paulo S. S. dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Caldas ◽  
Pedro A. S. Jorge ◽  
João M. S. Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Fiber Grating ◽  
Long Period Fiber Grating ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Force Sensitivity ◽  
Period Fiber Grating ◽  
Micro Force Sensor

In this work, a long-period fiber grating (LPG) based sensor was evaluated as a sensing device for micro-force measurement, in the order of micro Newtons. It was used an LPG fabricated by arc-inducted technique in a SMF-28 standard optical fiber. The optical fiber was fixed between two clamps with a separation of 150 mm with the middle of the LPG located at the center. Characterizations were performed in terms of temperature, curvature and strain. The grating was then used as a micro-force sensor by means of both curvature and strain, induced by a hung mass in a stretched fiber. Furthermore, the evaluation of a precurvature LPG was performed to assess if an increase of sensitivity is achieved. Micro-force sensitivity achieved with the stretched LPG was 1.41 nm/mN and it was demonstrated that its sensitivity can be enhanced to 5.14 nm/mN with a pre-curvature of 2.2 m–1 applied to the LPG, achieving a spectral resolution of at least 15.6 μN.

Scattering characteristics of an exciton-plasmon nanohybrid made by coupling a monolayer graphene nanoflake to a carbon nanotube

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 085302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viraj Senevirathne ◽  
Harini Hapuarachchi ◽  
Sudaraka Mallawaarachchi ◽  
Sarath D Gunapala ◽  
Mark I Stockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Graphene Nanoflake

On-Chip Electrical Breakdown of Metallic Nanotubes for Mass Fabrication of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Electronic Devices

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyoung-Ho Buh ◽  
Jea-Ho Hwang ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Jeon ◽  
Hye-Mi So ◽  
Jeong-O Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
On Chip

Multilayer Graphene-Based Carbon Interconnect

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhua Yu ◽  
Edwin Kim ◽  
Nikhil Jain ◽  
Bin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electrical Stress ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Etching ◽  
Doping Technique ◽  
System Breakdown ◽  
Grown Graphene ◽  
On Chip

ABSTRACT3D stacked (or uncorrelated) multilayer graphene (s-MLG) is investigated as a potential material platform for carbon-based on-chip interconnects. S-MLG samples are prepared by repeatedly transferring and stacking the large-area CVD-grown graphene monolayers, followed by wire patterning and oxygen plasma etching of graphene. We observed superior wire conduction of s-MLG over that of monolayer graphene or ABAB-stacked multilayer graphene. Further reduction of s-MLG resistivity is anticipated with increasing number of stacked layers. Electrical stress-induced doping technique is used to engineer the Dirac point, as well as to reduce graphene-to-metal contact resistance, improving the overall performance metrics of the s-MLG system. Breakdown experiments show that the current-carrying capacity of s-MLG is significantly enhanced as compared with that of monolayer graphene.

Metallic Nanowires From Carbon Nanotube Building Blocks: The Effect of Atomic Defects on the Nanotube Influencing Nanowire Growth

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Panchapakesan ◽  
Kousik Sivakumar ◽  
Shaoxin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Platinum Nanowires ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Current Densities

Manipulation and control of matter at the nano- and atomic level are crucial for the success of nano-scale sensors and actuators. The ability to control and synthesize multilayer structures using carbon nanotubes that will enable to build electronic devices within a nanotube is still in its infancy. In this paper, we present results on selective electric field assisted deposition of metals on carbon nanotubes realizing metallic nanowire structures. Silver and platinum nanowires has been fabricated using this approach due to its applications in chemical sensing sensing as catalytic materials to sniff toxic agents and in the area of biomedical nanotechnology for construction of artificial muscles. The electric field assisted technique allows the deposition of metals with high degree of selectivity on carbon nanotubes by manipulating the charges on the surface of the nanotubes. The thickness and the growth of the nanowires was altered by inducing defects on the initial surface of the nanotubes that affected the local current densities and electrochemical reduction of silver and platinum on those defect sites. SEM and TEM investigations revealed silver and platinum nanowires between 10 nm-100 nm in diameter. Relatively higher metal deposition was achieved in defect related sites or places where the nanotubes criss-crossed each other, due to the high current densities in these sites. The present technique is versatile and enables the fabrication of host of different types of metallic and semiconduting nanowires using carbon nanotube templates for nanoelectronics and myriad of sensor applications. Further, nanowires can also serve as model systems for studying quantum size effects in these dimensions.

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