scholarly journals Discovery of primitive CO2-bearing fluid in an aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. eabg9707
Author(s):  
Akira Tsuchiyama ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Satoshi Okuzumi ◽  
Akira Kitayama ◽  
Jun Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Hydrous Minerals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Orbital Instability

Water is abundant as solid ice in the solar system and plays important roles in its evolution. Water is preserved in carbonaceous chondrites as hydroxyl and/or H2O molecules in hydrous minerals, but has not been found as liquid. To uncover such liquid, we performed synchrotron-based x-ray computed nanotomography and transmission electron microscopy with a cryo-stage of the aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite Sutter’s Mill. We discovered CO2-bearing fluid (CO2/H2O > ~0.15) in a nanosized inclusion incorporated into a calcite crystal, appearing as CO2 ice and/or CO2 hydrate at 173 K. This is direct evidence of dynamic evolution of the solar system, requiring the Sutter’s Mill’s parent body to have formed outside the CO2 snow line and later transportation to the inner solar system because of Jupiter’s orbital instability.

scholarly journals Discovery of fossil asteroidal ice in primitive meteorite Acfer 094

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaax5078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Matsumoto ◽  
Akira Tsuchiyama ◽  
Aiko Nakato ◽  
Junya Matsuno ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Carbonaceous chondrites are meteorites believed to preserve our planet’s source materials, but the precise nature of these materials still remains uncertain. To uncover pristine planetary materials, we performed synchrotron radiation–based x-ray computed nanotomography of a primitive carbonaceous chondrite, Acfer 094, and found ultraporous lithology (UPL) widely distributed in a fine-grained matrix. UPLs are porous aggregates of amorphous and crystalline silicates, Fe─Ni sulfides, and organics. The porous texture must have been formed by removal of ice previously filling pore spaces, suggesting that UPLs represent fossils of primordial ice. The ice-bearing UPLs formed through sintering of fluffy icy dust aggregates around the H2O snow line in the solar nebula and were incorporated into the Acfer 094 parent body, providing new insight into asteroid formation by dust agglomeration.

scholarly journals Arrival and magnetization of carbonaceous chondrites in the asteroid belt before 4562 million years ago

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O’Brien ◽  
John A. Tarduno ◽  
Atma Anand ◽  
Aleksey V. Smirnov ◽  
Eric G. Blackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Outer Disk ◽  
Main Asteroid Belt ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMeteorite magnetizations can provide rare insight into early Solar System evolution. Such data take on new importance with recognition of the isotopic dichotomy between non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous meteorites, representing distinct inner and outer disk reservoirs, and the likelihood that parent body asteroids were once separated by Jupiter and subsequently mixed. The arrival time of these parent bodies into the main asteroid belt, however, has heretofore been unknown. Herein, we show that weak CV (Vigarano type) and CM (Mighei type) carbonaceous chondrite remanent magnetizations indicate acquisition by the solar wind 4.2 to 4.8 million years after Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) formation at heliocentric distances of ~2–4 AU. These data thus indicate that the CV and CM parent asteroids had arrived near, or within, the orbital range of the present-day asteroid belt from the outer disk isotopic reservoir within the first 5 million years of Solar System history.

Bright carbonate veins on asteroid (101955) Bennu: Implications for aqueous alteration history

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6517) ◽  
pp. eabc3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Kaplan ◽  
D. S. Lauretta ◽  
A. A. Simon ◽  
V. E. Hamilton ◽  
D. N. DellaGiustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Aqueous Alteration ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Geologic Processes

The composition of asteroids and their connection to meteorites provide insight into geologic processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We present spectra of the Nightingale crater region on near-Earth asteroid Bennu with a distinct infrared absorption around 3.4 micrometers. Corresponding images of boulders show centimeters-thick, roughly meter-long bright veins. We interpret the veins as being composed of carbonates, similar to those found in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. If the veins on Bennu are carbonates, fluid flow and hydrothermal deposition on Bennu’s parent body would have occurred on kilometer scales for thousands to millions of years. This suggests large-scale, open-system hydrothermal alteration of carbonaceous asteroids in the early Solar System.

Carbonaceous chondrite meteorites as a record of protoplanetary disk conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S350) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Sara S. Russell ◽  
Enrica Bonato ◽  
Helena Bates ◽  
Ashley J. King ◽  
Natasha V. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Protoplanetary Disk ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Aqueous Processing ◽  
Chondritic Meteorites ◽  
Dust Component ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractChondritic meteorites, and especially the most volatile-rich chondrites, the carbonaceous chondrites, preserve a record of the solar protoplanetary disk dust component and how it has been changed both in the disk environment itself and in its asteroidal parent body. Here we review some of the key features of carbonaceous chondrites and report some new data on their organics component. These show that the nebula reached temperature of >10000C, but only very locally, to produce chondrules. Most meteoritic material underwent thermal and/or aqueous processing, but some retain delicate nebular components such as complex organic molecules and amorphous silicates.

scholarly journals Exogenous copper sulfide in returned asteroid Itokawa regolith grains are likely relicts of prior impacting body

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Burgess ◽  
Rhonda M. Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Aqueous Alteration ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rubble Pile

AbstractSamples from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa mission have been identified as LL4-6 ordinary chondrite materials and have shown it to be a rubble pile that aggregated after break-up of a parent body. Here we investigate particle RB-CV-0038 from the Itokawa regolith using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. We identify a cubanite-chalcopyrite-troilite-pyrrhotite assemblage, the phases and structure of which are indicative of low-temperature, aqueous alteration. Cubanite is stable only at temperatures below around 250 °C and has thus far only been identified in CI carbonaceous chondrites and the comet 81P/Wild2 sample suite. Chalcopyrite is also very rare in the meteorite record and is found mostly in R chondrites and some CK chondrites. Because the Itokawa parent body experienced significant thermal alteration with little evidence of low-temperature equilibration or aqueous alteration, we propose that the assemblage we identify is most likely exogenous and represents a component of an impacting body.

Study of phase components of La1.5Ca1.5Mn2O7

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Zhu ◽  
R. C. Yu ◽  
F. Y. Li ◽  
C. Q. Jin ◽  
Z. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Layered Perovskite ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phase Compound ◽  
Layered Perovskite Structure

The manganate with nominal composition La1.5Ca1.5Mn2O7, which is regarded as a single-phase compound with layered perovskite structure in the literature, was prepared using a standard ceramic process. The structures and morphology of the manganate were investigated by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. However, no direct evidence of layered Sr3Ti2O7-type structure was observed in TEM experiments; instead, we observed multiphase mixtures of an orthorhombically distorted perovskite phase as majority and cubic perovskite phase as minority, as well as a small amount of calcium oxide. The measured magnetic and transport properties of this manganate arise mainly from the presence of hole-doped multiphase perovskite manganates. These physical properties demonstrated again the correctness of our phase component analysis.

Unusual microstructures in the C2 carbonaceous chondrites

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Kazushige Tomeoka ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
O Phase

Carbonaceous chondrites are among the most primitive meteoritic samples of early solar system materials that are accessible for study. One of the characteristics of these meteorites is that their mineral constituents are extremely fine grained, and so high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is a powerful method to study the mineralogy of carbonaceous chondrites.The C2 type carbonaceous chondrites contain abundant amounts of an unusual “Fe-Ni-S-O” phase, which has been termed the “poorly characterized phase” (PCP). Its identity has been one of the more difficult problems of carbonaceous chondrite mineralogy. Its puzzling composition and X-ray diffraction patterns do not fit any known mineral. It may be a) related to a primordial condensate, or b) an alteration product in a parent body regolith. Detailed mineralogical characterization of PCP potentially bears on these questions and therefore is of great interest for meteorite scientists.

Hollow organic globules in the Tagish Lake meteorite as possible products of primitive organic reactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelko Nakamura ◽  
Michael E. Zolensky ◽  
Satoshi Tomita ◽  
Satoru Nakashima ◽  
Kazushige Tomeoka
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Aqueous Processing ◽  
Hydrous Minerals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
Extraterrestrial Material

We report the first in situ observation of hollow organic globules in any extraterrestrial material using the Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrite. Data from analytical transmission electron microscopy, Raman and micro-Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate that the globules consist of aliphatic and oxygenated functions. The hollow spherical morphologies are strikingly similar to the material produced by the laboratory simulation of ultraviolet photolysis of interstellar ice analogues and subsequent aqueous processing, suggesting that the organic globules in the Tagish Lake meteorite may be extremely primitive organic material that formed before or during the formation of the solar system. The FTIR organic signatures also show strong similarities to the membrane-like products formed from hydrothermal reaction of an OH-bearing amino acid in the presence of hydrous minerals. The survival of the structures in the Tagish Lake sample indicates that primitive meteorites must have delivered these structures to the early Earth as a possible precursor to life.

scholarly journals Nano-FTIR spectroscopic identification of prebiotic carbonyl compounds in Dominion Range 08006 carbonaceous chondrite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yesiltas ◽  
Timothy D. Glotch ◽  
Bogdan Sava
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractMeteorites contain organic matter that may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth. Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, which occur in meteorites, may be precursors of biologically necessary organic materials in the solar system. Therefore, such organic matter is of astrobiological importance and their detection and characterization can contribute to the understanding of the early solar system as well as the origin of life. Most organic matter is typically sub-micrometer in size, and organic nanoglobules are even smaller (50–300 nm). Novel analytical techniques with nanoscale spatial resolution are required to detect and characterize organic matter within extraterrestrial materials. Most techniques require powdered samples, consume the material, and lose petrographic context of organics. Here, we report the detection of nanoglobular aldehyde and carboxylic acids in a highly primitive carbonaceous chondrite (DOM 08006) with ~ 20 nm spatial resolution using nano-FTIR spectroscopy. Such organic matter is found within the matrix of DOM 08006 and is typically 50–300 nm in size. We also show petrographic context and nanoscale morphologic/topographic features of the organic matter. Our results indicate that prebiotic carbonyl nanoglobules can form in a less aqueous and relatively elevated temperature-environment (220–230 °C) in a carbonaceous parent body.

The magnetism of meteorites and early Solar System magnetic fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 349 (1690) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Ordinary Chondrites ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetizing Field ◽  
Feni Alloy

The characteristics of the remanent magnetization of chondrite, achondrite and shergottite, nakhlite and chassignite (SNC) meteorites are described, and interpretation in terms of magnetizing fields in the ancient Solar System discussed. The magnetism of ordinary chondrites is commonly scattered in direction within samples, implying magnetization of constituent fragments before accumulation. The magnetic history of these meteorites is uncertain because of lack of knowledge of the origin and properties of tetrataenite, an ordered FeNi alloy often carrying the bulk of the magnetization. Achondrites also often possess scattered magnetization, the primary component probably being acquired during cooling after differentiation of the parent body. A magnetizing field of internal origin is possible. Estimates of magnetizing field strength are in the approximate range 5-100 μ T, with carbonaceous chondrites showing the highest values. The SNC meteorites, probably originating on Mars, provide evidence for a weak, ancient Martian magnetic field of the order 1 μ T.

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