Carbonaceous chondrite meteorites as a record of protoplanetary disk conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S350) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Sara S. Russell ◽  
Enrica Bonato ◽  
Helena Bates ◽  
Ashley J. King ◽  
Natasha V. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Protoplanetary Disk ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Aqueous Processing ◽  
Chondritic Meteorites ◽  
Dust Component ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractChondritic meteorites, and especially the most volatile-rich chondrites, the carbonaceous chondrites, preserve a record of the solar protoplanetary disk dust component and how it has been changed both in the disk environment itself and in its asteroidal parent body. Here we review some of the key features of carbonaceous chondrites and report some new data on their organics component. These show that the nebula reached temperature of >10000C, but only very locally, to produce chondrules. Most meteoritic material underwent thermal and/or aqueous processing, but some retain delicate nebular components such as complex organic molecules and amorphous silicates.

scholarly journals Arrival and magnetization of carbonaceous chondrites in the asteroid belt before 4562 million years ago

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O’Brien ◽  
John A. Tarduno ◽  
Atma Anand ◽  
Aleksey V. Smirnov ◽  
Eric G. Blackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Outer Disk ◽  
Main Asteroid Belt ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMeteorite magnetizations can provide rare insight into early Solar System evolution. Such data take on new importance with recognition of the isotopic dichotomy between non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous meteorites, representing distinct inner and outer disk reservoirs, and the likelihood that parent body asteroids were once separated by Jupiter and subsequently mixed. The arrival time of these parent bodies into the main asteroid belt, however, has heretofore been unknown. Herein, we show that weak CV (Vigarano type) and CM (Mighei type) carbonaceous chondrite remanent magnetizations indicate acquisition by the solar wind 4.2 to 4.8 million years after Ca-Al-rich inclusion (CAI) formation at heliocentric distances of ~2–4 AU. These data thus indicate that the CV and CM parent asteroids had arrived near, or within, the orbital range of the present-day asteroid belt from the outer disk isotopic reservoir within the first 5 million years of Solar System history.

scholarly journals Fumarolic-like activity on carbonaceous chondrite parent body

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (27) ◽  
pp. eabb1166
Author(s):  
Clément Ganino ◽  
Guy Libourel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Protoplanetary Disk ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Darcy Flow ◽  
Planetary Formation ◽  
Kurile Islands ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Comparative Planetology

Comparative planetology studies are key for understanding the main processes driving planetary formation and evolution. None have been yet applied to pristine asteroids formed in the solar protoplanetary disk, mainly because of their comminution during their 4.5-billion-year collisional lifetime. From remarkable textural, mineralogical, chemical, and thermodynamic similarities, we show that the high-temperature Kudryavy volcano fumarolic environment from Kurile Islands is a likely proxy of the Fe-alkali-halogen metasomatism on the CV and CO carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. Ca-Fe–rich and Na-Al-Cl–rich secondary silicates in CV and CO chondrites are, thus, inferred to be fumarolic-like incrustations that precipitate from hot and reduced hydrothermal vapors after interactions with the wallrocks during buoyancy-driven Darcy flow percolation. These vapors may originate from the progressive heating and devolatilization of a chondritic protolith on their parent body or are remnant of the cooling of residual local nebular gases at the time of their primary planetesimal accretion.

scholarly journals Discovery of fossil asteroidal ice in primitive meteorite Acfer 094

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaax5078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Matsumoto ◽  
Akira Tsuchiyama ◽  
Aiko Nakato ◽  
Junya Matsuno ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Insight Into

Carbonaceous chondrites are meteorites believed to preserve our planet’s source materials, but the precise nature of these materials still remains uncertain. To uncover pristine planetary materials, we performed synchrotron radiation–based x-ray computed nanotomography of a primitive carbonaceous chondrite, Acfer 094, and found ultraporous lithology (UPL) widely distributed in a fine-grained matrix. UPLs are porous aggregates of amorphous and crystalline silicates, Fe─Ni sulfides, and organics. The porous texture must have been formed by removal of ice previously filling pore spaces, suggesting that UPLs represent fossils of primordial ice. The ice-bearing UPLs formed through sintering of fluffy icy dust aggregates around the H2O snow line in the solar nebula and were incorporated into the Acfer 094 parent body, providing new insight into asteroid formation by dust agglomeration.

scholarly journals Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. e1500863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Biver ◽  
Dominique Bockelée-Morvan ◽  
Raphaël Moreno ◽  
Jacques Crovisier ◽  
Pierre Colom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Protoplanetary Disk ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Complex Organic

The presence of numerous complex organic molecules (COMs; defined as those containing six or more atoms) around protostars shows that star formation is accompanied by an increase of molecular complexity. These COMs may be part of the material from which planetesimals and, ultimately, planets formed. Comets represent some of the oldest and most primitive material in the solar system, including ices, and are thus our best window into the volatile composition of the solar protoplanetary disk. Molecules identified to be present in cometary ices include water, simple hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-bearing species, as well as a few COMs, such as ethylene glycol and glycine. We report the detection of 21 molecules in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), including the first identification of ethyl alcohol (ethanol, C2H5OH) and the simplest monosaccharide sugar glycolaldehyde (CH2OHCHO) in a comet. The abundances of ethanol and glycolaldehyde, respectively 5 and 0.8% relative to methanol (0.12 and 0.02% relative to water), are somewhat higher than the values measured in solar-type protostars. Overall, the high abundance of COMs in cometary ices supports the formation through grain-surface reactions in the solar system protoplanetary disk.

scholarly journals Discovery of primitive CO2-bearing fluid in an aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. eabg9707
Author(s):  
Akira Tsuchiyama ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Satoshi Okuzumi ◽  
Akira Kitayama ◽  
Jun Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrites ◽  
Hydrous Minerals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Orbital Instability

Water is abundant as solid ice in the solar system and plays important roles in its evolution. Water is preserved in carbonaceous chondrites as hydroxyl and/or H2O molecules in hydrous minerals, but has not been found as liquid. To uncover such liquid, we performed synchrotron-based x-ray computed nanotomography and transmission electron microscopy with a cryo-stage of the aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite Sutter’s Mill. We discovered CO2-bearing fluid (CO2/H2O > ~0.15) in a nanosized inclusion incorporated into a calcite crystal, appearing as CO2 ice and/or CO2 hydrate at 173 K. This is direct evidence of dynamic evolution of the solar system, requiring the Sutter’s Mill’s parent body to have formed outside the CO2 snow line and later transportation to the inner solar system because of Jupiter’s orbital instability.

Imine as a Linchpin Approach for Distal C(sp2)–H Functionalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukdev Bag ◽  
Sadhan Jana ◽  
Sukumar Pradhan ◽  
Suman Bhowmick ◽  
Nupur Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Ancillary Ligand ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Site Selectivity ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Post Functionalization

<p>Despite the widespread applications of C–H functionalization, controlling site selectivity remains a significant challenge. Covalently attached directing group (DG) served as an ancillary ligand to ensure proximal <i>ortho</i>-, distal <i>meta</i>- and <i>para</i>-C-H functionalization over the last two decades. These covalently linked DGs necessitate two extra steps for a single C–H functionalization: introduction of DG prior to C–H activation and removal of DG post-functionalization. We introduce here a transient directing group for distal C(<i>sp<sup>2</sup></i>)-H functionalization <i>via</i> reversible imine formation. By overruling facile proximal C-H bond activation by imine-<i>N</i> atom, a suitably designed pyrimidine-based transient directing group (TDG) successfully delivered selective distal C-C bond formation. Application of this transient directing group strategy for streamlining the synthesis of complex organic molecules without any necessary pre-functionalization at the distal position has been explored.</p>

scholarly journals A Sustainable Improvement of ω-Bromoalkylphosphonates Synthesis to Access Novel KuQuinones

Organics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Mattia Forchetta ◽  
Valeria Conte ◽  
Giulia Fiorani ◽  
Pierluca Galloni ◽  
Federica Sabuzi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Phosphonic Acids ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Phosphonate Esters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Organic

Owing to the attractiveness of organic phosphonic acids and esters in the pharmacological field and in the functionalization of conductive metal-oxides, the research of effective synthetic protocols is pivotal. Among the others, ω-bromoalkylphosphonates are gaining particular attention because they are useful building blocks for the tailored functionalization of complex organic molecules. Hence, in this work, the optimization of Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction conditions for ω-bromoalkylphosphonates has been performed, to improve process sustainability while maintaining good yields. Synthesized ω-bromoalkylphosphonates have been successfully adopted for the synthesis of new KuQuinone phosphonate esters and, by hydrolysis, phosphonic acid KuQuinone derivatives have been obtained for the first time. Considering the high affinity with metal-oxides, KuQuinones bearing phosphonic acid terminal groups are promising candidates for biomedical and photo(electro)chemical applications.

scholarly journals Not Just Transporters: Alternative Functions of ABC Transporters in Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jeanine Rismondo ◽  
Lisa Maria Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are usually involved in the translocation of their cognate substrates, which is driven by ATP hydrolysis. Typically, these transporters are required for the import or export of a wide range of substrates such as sugars, ions and complex organic molecules. ABC exporters can also be involved in the export of toxic compounds such as antibiotics. However, recent studies revealed alternative detoxification mechanisms of ABC transporters. For instance, the ABC transporter BceAB of Bacillus subtilis seems to confer resistance to bacitracin via target protection. In addition, several transporters with functions other than substrate export or import have been identified in the past. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings on ABC transporters of the Gram-positive organisms B. subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes with transport or regulatory functions affecting antibiotic resistance, cell wall biosynthesis, cell division and sporulation.

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