miR-204–containing exosomes ameliorate GVHD-associated dry eye disease

The tear film, which includes mucins that adhere to foreign particles, rapidly clears allergens and pathogens from the ocular surface, protecting the underlying tissues. However, the tear film’s ability to efficiently remove foreign particles during blinking can also pose challenges for topical drug delivery, as traditional eye drops (solutions and suspensions) are cleared from the ocular surface before the drug can penetrate into the conjunctival and corneal epithelium. In the past 15 years, there has been an increase in the development of nanoparticles with specialized coatings that have reduced affinity to mucins and are small enough in size to pass through the mucus barrier. These mucus-penetrating particles (MPPs) have been shown to efficiently penetrate the mucus barrier and reach the ocular surface tissues. Dry eye disease (DED) is a common inflammatory ocular surface disorder that often presents with periodic flares (exacerbations). However, currently approved immunomodulatory treatments for DED are intended for long-term use. Thus, there is a need for effective short-term treatments that can address intermittent flares of DED. Loteprednol etabonate, an ocular corticosteroid, was engineered to break down rapidly after administration to the ocular surface tissues and thereby reduce risks associated with other topical steroids. KPI-121 is an ophthalmic suspension that uses the MPP technology to deliver loteprednol etabonate more efficiently to the ocular tissues, achieving in animal models a 3.6-fold greater penetration of loteprednol etabonate to the cornea than traditional loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspensions. In clinical trials, short-term treatment with KPI-121 0.25% significantly reduced signs and symptoms of DED compared with its vehicle (placebo). Recently approved KPI-121 0.25%, with its novel drug delivery design and ease of use, has the potential to effectively treat periodic flares of DED experienced by many patients.

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Dry eye disease among Glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications, in a tertiary hospital, Ethiopia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01917-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miraf Sahlu ◽

Abeba T. Giorgis

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corneal Staining

Abstract Background Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease; causing various ocular symptoms with potential damage to the ocular surface. Applying hypotensive eye drops are presumed to initiate or exacerbate existing dry eye disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of signs and symptoms and severity of dry eye disease among glaucoma patients on topical hypotensive medications and controls. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study, involving 320 glaucoma patients and controls. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptoms score and Schirmer, tear breakup time and corneal staining tests were used to assess dry eye disease. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software; p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Among the 160 study glaucoma patients, the mean duration of topical hypotensive medication use was 5.2 ± 5.21 years (range, 4 months - 32 years). Mild to severe level of OSDI score was found in 122 (76%) glaucoma patients and in 137 (86%) controls (p = 0.033). Mild to sever abnormal clinical tests in the glaucoma patients and control, respectively, were 106 (66%) vs 80 (50%) corneal staining (p = 0.045), 79 (49%) vs 72 (45%) TBUT (p = 0.021), and 91 (57%) vs 83 (52%) Schirmer test (p = 0.242). Test results at the level of sever: 2 (1%) vs 0 (0%) corneal staining, 50 (31%) vs 39 (24%) TBUT and 65 (41%) vs 60 (38%) Schirmer test in the glaucoma patents and controls, respectively. Corneal staining and TBUT had correlation with the number of drugs (p = 0.004 and 0.031, respectively), and more relationship of the two tests with total number of drops applied per day (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients on pilocarpine and timolol had more corneal staining and lower TBUT [(p = 0.011 and p < 0.001) and (p = 0.04 and 0.012), respectively]. Conclusions The study has identified glaucoma patients to be more affected by dry eye disease than non-glaucoma patients, and presence of significantly lower TBUT and higher corneal staining in the glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose per day. We recommend consideration of evaluation and management of DED for glaucoma patients on multidrops and multidose hypotensive medications.

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Comparison of treatment efficacy between 100% platelet-rich plasma and 100% serum eye drops in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048479

Author(s):

Passara Jongkhajornpong ◽

Pawin Numthavaj ◽

Thunyarat Anothaisintawee ◽

Kaevalin Lekhanont ◽

Gareth McKay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Autologous Serum ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Autologous Platelet

IntroductionDry eye disease (DED) is a common eye problem. Although the disease is not fatal, it substantially reduces quality of life and creates a high economic burden, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe DED. Several biological tear substitutes (eg, autologous serum (AS), autologous platelet-rich plasma (APRP) and autologous platelet lysate) could effectively improve dry eyes. However, evidence on their comparative efficacy is controversial. This study aims to compare the efficacy of 100% APRP with 100% AS eye drops in patients with moderate-to-severe DED.Methods and analysisThe study is a single-centre, double-blinded randomised, parallel, non-inferiority trial. One hundred and thirty patients with moderate-to-severe DED, aged 18–70 years will be recruited from outpatient clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok from February 2021 to January 2023. Patients will be randomised to receive either 100% APRP or 100% AS eye drops (1:1 ratio) for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and ocular surface staining (OSS) evaluated using the Oxford scale. Secondary outcomes are fluorescein break-up time, Schirmer’s I test, meibomian gland parameters and adverse events. Other measured outcomes include best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and compliance.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and any supplements used in conducting this trial have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (MURA2020/1930). Informed consent will be obtained from all patients before study entry. Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04683796.

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Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/2647264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽

Gabriella Horvát ◽

Barnabás Áron Szilágyi ◽

Benjámin Gyarmati ◽

András Szilágyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Disulphide Bond Formation ◽

Polymer Bearing

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle. Besides satisfying the basic requirements, the chemical structure of ThioPASP-DME is similar to those of ocular mucins as it is a protein-like polymer bearing a considerable number of thiol groups. The solution of the polymer is therefore able to mimic the physiological properties of the mucins and it can interact with the mucus layer via disulphide bond formation. The resultant mucoadhesion provides a prolonged residence time and ensures protective effect for the corneal/conjunctival epithelium. ThioPASP-DME also has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of the thiol groups. The applicability of ThioPASP-DME as a potential excipient in eye drops was determined by means of ocular compatibility tests and through examinations of the interactions with the mucosal surface. The results indicate that ThioPASP-DME can serve as a potential eye drop excipient for the therapy of dry eye disease.

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Frequency of efficacy of topical cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops in the management of dry eyes

10.53350/pjmhs211561384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1384-1386

Author(s):

M. Khalid ◽

M. Rizwan ◽

S. Khurshid

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Improvement Rate ◽

Female Patients ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Male Patients ◽

Efficacy Of Treatment

Aim: To determine the efficacy of cyclosporine 0.05% for the management of patients of dry-eye disease presenting at tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal from March 2020 to September 2020 over the period of 6 months.Total 310 patients of dry eye were included in this study after scrutinized by inclusion criteria. All the selected patients were managed with cyclosporine 0.05% and efficacy of the drug was assessed. Results: Total 310 patients of dry eye disease were recruited. Mean age was 47.15 ± 3.61 years and mean duration of dry eye disease was 11.10 ± 1.75 months. Out of 310 patients, treatment was found effective in 225 (73%) patients. Efficacy of treatment was noted in 172(96.63%) male patients and in 53(40.15%) female patients. Significantly higher rate of efficacy was noted in male patients as compared to female patients with p value 0.000. Conclusion: Results of present study showed higher improvement rate of dry eye symptoms in cases of dry eye managed with cyclosporine 0.05%. Male patients were more victim of dry eye as compared to female patients and statistically significant association of efficacy with gender was observed. No association of efficacy of treatment with age group and duration of disease was observed. Keywords: Dry eye, cyclosporine, inflammation, immunomodulator agents.

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Management of moderate-to-severe dry eye disease using chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (Lacrimera®) eye drops: a retrospective case series

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-020-01324-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1547-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johannes Nepp ◽

Wolfgang Knoetzl ◽

Anna Prinz ◽

Sonja Hoeller ◽

Martin Prinz

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Case Series ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Retrospective Case Series

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Achyranthis radix Extract-Loaded Eye Drop Formulation Development and Novel Evaluation Method for Dry Eye Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12020165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Sung-Jin Kim ◽

Bongkyun Park ◽

Hyun Wook Huh ◽

Young-Guk Na ◽

Minki Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Good Effect ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Formulation Development ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner

Recently, Achyranthis radix extract has been studied as a therapeutic agent for dry eye disease that occurs from fine dust. The aim of this study was the development of Achyranthis radix extract-loaded eye drop formulations using lubricants, generally used for artificial tear eye drops. Ecdysterone was used as a marker compound for Achyranthis radix extract and 1% Achyranthis radix extract solution contained 14.37 ± 0.04 μg/mL of ecdysterone. Before formulation studies, a new method was performed to evaluate pigmentation, which might be caused by eye drops of herbal extract. A comparative study of the water retention ability of each formulation and ability to prevent the death of conjunctival epithelial cells in dry conditions was conducted. Moreover, treatment of Achyranthis radix extract (USL) eye drop formulation exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on inflammation in a concentration-dependent manner. The long-term and accelerated stability tests showed that lubricants could contribute to the stability of herbal extracts in solution. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid showed a good effect on the development of eye drop formulation using Achyranthis radix extracts for treating dry eye disease.

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