U.S. Electronics Needs New Strategy: The traditional strategy that combines the short-term focus of industrial laboratories with the long-range perspective of universities apparently is not up to the Japanese challenge

Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 232 (4757) ◽  
pp. 1496-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Traditional Strategy

A Rathole: Foucault, Freud, and the Problem of Isolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Obsessional Neurosis ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Strategy

The article discusses the problem of isolation and draws a parallel between two different approaches to it - Michel Foucault’s archeology of power and Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. Foucault’s perspective is exemplified by his critique of the strategies of power as they were applied to the epidemics of leprosy and bubonic plague. For leprosy there was an undifferentiated exclusionary space, while the the plague brought about a segmented space for confinement. The passage from the one strategy to the other marks the development of the disciplinary model of power: leper colonies are transformed into prisons and psychiatric wards. Freud’s approach is examined in his treatment of the Rat Man, the patient whose analysis prompted Freud to formulate his theory of obsessional neurosis, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The article emphasizes the relevance of the problem of OCD to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. The traditional strategy of power applied to leprosy was isolation by means of exile from towns, while for the plague isolation meant shutting towns down with their inhabitants each in their own place as if imprisoned. COVID-19 brought about a new strategy of self-isolation which entails creating physical and psychological barriers together with social distancing. Obsessional neurosis is evolving from an individual pathology into a kind of collective one: epidemiology influences mentality. In conclusion, the article takes up two literary examples - Roman Mikhailov’s text “The Wrong Side of a Rat,” and Varlam Shalamov’s story “Lepers,” from the Kolyma Stories collection - in which breaking out of isolation, disease and infection are presented as alternative affective experiences.

Power-law correlations, related models for long-range dependence and their simulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilmann Gneiting
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Stationary Time Series ◽  
Long Range Dependence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Simultaneous Fitting ◽  
Straightforward Proof

Martin and Walker ((1997) J. Appl. Prob. 34, 657–670) proposed the power-law ρ(v) = c|v|-β, |v| ≥ 1, as a correlation model for stationary time series with long-memory dependence. A straightforward proof of their conjecture on the permissible range of c is given, and various other models for long-range dependence are discussed. In particular, the Cauchy family ρ(v) = (1 + |v/c|α)-β/α allows for the simultaneous fitting of both the long-term and short-term correlation structure within a simple analytical model. The note closes with hints at the fast and exact simulation of fractional Gaussian noise and related processes.

scholarly journals Complexity Reduction in the Negotiation of New Lexical Conventions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Schueller ◽  
Vittorio Loreto ◽  
Pierre-Yves Oudeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Global State ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Words ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Multi Agent

In the process of collectively inventing new words for new con-cepts in a population, conflicts can quickly become numerous,in the form of synonymy and homonymy. Remembering all ofthem could cost too much memory, and remembering too fewmay slow down the overall process. Is there an efficient be-havior that could help balance the two? The Naming Game isa multi-agent computational model for the emergence of lan-guage, focusing on the negotiation of new lexical conventions,where a common lexicon self-organizes but going through aphase of high complexity. Previous work has been done onthe control of complexity growth in this particular model, byallowing agents to actively choose what they talk about. How-ever, those strategies were relying on ad hoc heuristics highlydependent on fine-tuning of parameters. We define here a newprincipled measure and a new strategy, based on the beliefsof each agent on the global state of the population. The mea-sure does not rely on heavy computation, and is cognitivelyplausible. The new strategy yields an efficient control of com-plexity growth, along with a faster agreement process. Also,we show that short-term memory is enough to build relevantbeliefs about the global lexicon.

From the Conference to the Classroom: Elevating Short-Term Professional Development for Lifelong Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Justin J. West
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Short Term

Short-term or “one shot” professional development experiences are sometimes deemed less effective because they lack mechanisms for deep and ongoing engagement. Using the music conference as an example, I outline a simple framework on how music teachers might nevertheless use short-term professional development experiences as an impetus for long-range and high-impact professional growth.

scholarly journals Improved Ultra-Rapid UT1-UTC Determination and Its Preliminary Impact on GNSS Satellite Ultra-Rapid Orbit Determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Fei Ye ◽  
Yunbin Yuan ◽  
Zhiguo Deng
Keyword(s):  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Combination Model ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Traditional Strategy

Errors in ultra-rapid UT1-UTC primarily affect the overall rotation of spatial datum expressed by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite ultra-rapid orbit. In terms of existing errors of traditional strategy, e.g., piecewise linear functions, for ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination, and the requirement to improve the accuracy and consistency of ultra-rapid UT1-UTC, the potential to improve the performance of ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination based on an LS (Least Square) + AR (Autoregressive) combination model is explored. In this contribution, based on the LS+AR combination model and by making joint post-processing/rapid UT1-UTC observation data, we propose a new strategy for ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination. The performance of the new strategy is subsequently evaluated using data provided by IGS (International GNSS Services), iGMAS (international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System), and IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service). Compared to the traditional strategy, the numerical results over more than 1 month show that the new strategy improved ultra-rapid UT1-UTC determination by 29–43%. The new strategy can provide a reference for GNSS data processing to improve the performance of ultra-rapid products.

Prediction Based on a Multiscale Decomposition

2003 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Renaud ◽  
Jean-Luc Starck ◽  
Fionn Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Optimal Prediction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Sparse Modelling

A wavelet-based forecasting method for time series is introduced. It is based on a multiple resolution decomposition of the signal, using the redundant "à trous" wavelet transform which has the advantage of being shift-invariant. The result is a decomposition of the signal into a range of frequency scales. The prediction is based on a small number of coefficients on each of these scales. In its simplest form it is a linear prediction based on a wavelet transform of the signal. This method uses sparse modelling, but can be based on coefficients that are summaries or characteristics of large parts of the signal. The lower level of the decomposition can capture the long-range dependencies with only a few coefficients, while the higher levels capture the usual short-term dependencies. We show the convergence of the method towards the optimal prediction in the autoregressive case. The method works well, as shown in simulation studies, and studies involving financial data.

scholarly journals Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport – Part 2: steady-state changes in ozone air quality and impacts on human mortality

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7079-7113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. West ◽  
V. Naik ◽  
L. W. Horowitz ◽  
A. M. Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Human Mortality ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Ozone Precursor

Abstract. Large-scale changes in ozone precursor emissions affect ozone directly in the short term, and also affect methane, which in turn causes long-term changes in ozone that affect surface ozone air quality. Here we assess the effects of changes in ozone precursor emissions on the long-term change in surface ozone via methane, as a function of the emission region, by modeling 10% reductions in anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from each of nine world regions. Reductions in NOx emissions from all world regions increase methane and long-term surface ozone. While this long-term increase is small compared to the intra-regional short-term ozone decrease, it is comparable to or larger than the short-term inter-continental ozone decrease for some source-receptor pairs. The increase in methane and long-term surface ozone per ton of NOx reduced is greatest in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions, exceeding that from temperate Northern Hemisphere regions by roughly a factor of ten. We also assess changes in premature ozone-related human mortality associated with regional precursor reductions and long-range transport, showing that for 10% regional NOx reductions, the strongest inter-regional influence is for emissions from Europe affecting mortalities in Africa. Reductions of NOx in North America, Europe, the Former Soviet Union, and Australia are shown to reduce more mortalities outside of the source regions than within. Among world regions, NOx reductions in India cause the greatest number of avoided mortalities per ton, mainly in India itself. Finally, by increasing global methane, NOx reductions in one hemisphere tend to cause long-term increases in ozone concentration and mortalities in the opposite hemisphere. Reducing emissions of methane, and to a lesser extent carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds, alongside NOx reductions would avoid this disbenefit.

Complexity, Coordination, and Health: Avoiding Pitfalls and Erroneous Interpretations in Fractal Analyses

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Marmelat ◽  
Didier Delignières
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Fractal Analyses ◽  
Serial Correlations ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Fractal Fluctuation ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation

Background and Objective. The analysis of fractal fluctuation has become very popular because of the close relationships between health, adaptability, and long-range correlations. 1/f noise is considered a “magical” threshold, characterizing optimal functioning, and a decrease or conversely and increase of serial correlations, with respect to 1/f noise, is supposed to sign a kind of disadaptation of the system. Empirical results, however, should be interpreted with caution. In experimental series, serial correlations often present a complex pattern, resulting from the combination of long-range and short-term correlated processes. We show, in the present paper, that an increase in serial correlations cannot be directly interpreted as an increase in long-range correlations. Material and Methods. Eleven participants performed four walking bouts following 4 individually determined velocities (slow, comfortable, high, and critical). Series of 512 stride intervals were collected under each condition. The strength of serial correlation was measured by the detrended fluctuation analysis. The effective presence of 1/f fluctuation was tested through ARFIMA modeling. Results. The strength of serial correlations tended to increase with walking velocity. However, the ARFIMA modeling showed that long-range correlations were significantly present only at slow and comfortable velocities. Conclusions. The strength of correlations, as measured by classical methods, cannot be considered as predictive of the genuine presence of long-range correlations. Sometimes systems can present the moderate levels of effective long-range correlations, whereas in others cases, series can present high correlation levels without being long-range correlated.

“The Enthusiasm Expressed by Our Industry Friends”

Vulcan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-124
Author(s):  
Adam Givens
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Face ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Fait Accompli

Abstract This article analyzes the groundbreaking 1952 plan by US Army leadership to develop a sizeable cargo helicopter program in the face of interservice opposition. It examines the influence that decision had in the next decade on the Army, the helicopter industry, and vtol technology. The Army’s procurement of large helicopters that could transport soldiers and materiel was neither a fait accompli nor based on short-term needs. Rather, archival records reveal that the decision was based on long-range concerns about the postwar health of the helicopter industry, developing the state of the art, and fostering new doctrinal concepts. The procurement had long-term consequences. Helicopters became central to Army war planning, and the ground service’s needs dictated the next generation of helicopter designs. That technology made possible the revolutionary airmobility concept that the Army took into Vietnam and also led to a flourishing commercial helicopter field.

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