Ethical controversy swirls around shark fossil from Mexico

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6540) ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pérez Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Controversy

ASSISTED EMIGRATION AND THE MORAL DILEMMAS OF THE MID-VICTORIAN IMPERIAL STATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP HARLING
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Slave Emancipation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Plantation Society ◽  
Imperial State

ABSTRACTThis article examines three voyages of the late 1840s to advance the argument that emigration – often treated by its historians as ‘spontaneous’ – actually involved the laissez-faire mid-Victorian imperial state in significant projects of social engineering. The tale of the Virginius exemplifies that state's commitment to taking advantage of the Famine to convert the Irish countryside into an export economy of large-scale graziers. The tale of the Earl Grey exemplifies its commitment to transforming New South Wales into a conspicuously moral colony of free settlers. The tale of the Arabian exemplifies its commitment to saving plantation society in the British Caribbean from the twin threats posed by slave emancipation and free trade in sugar. These voyages also show how the British imperial state's involvement in immigration frequently immersed it in ethical controversy. Its strictly limited response to the Irish Famine contributed to mass death. Its modest effort to create better lives in Australia for a few thousand Irish orphans led to charges that it was dumping immoral paupers on its most promising colonies. Its eagerness to bolster sugar production in the West Indies put ‘liberated’ slaves in danger.

scholarly journals 世界首例基因編輯嬰兒事件的科學與倫理學思考

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Deming FU ◽  
Hongqi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Southern University ◽  
At Will

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.南方科技大學賀建奎博士 2018年11月26曰宣佈一對基因編輯嬰兒於11月在中國健康誕生為背景，分析了使用CRISPR/Cas9基因編辑技術以及選擇CCR5作為抵抗愛滋病感染靶標存在的科學和倫理學問題，探討了相關研究可能對人類遺傳物質造成不可逆轉的改造，進而混入人類的基因庫具有巨大風險和倫理爭議。因此，現階段應對基因編辑相關研究加強規範和監管，在技術尚不成熟的情況下，不能隨意開展人類生殖細胞和人類胚胎基因編辑研究，更不能質然推廣到臨床研究。This study is based on the announcement by Dr. He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology on November 26, 2018 that a pair of gene-edited babies were born in China in November. It discusses the ethical problems posed by Dr. He's research in CRISPR-based gene editing technology for human embryos, analyzes the scientific and ethical problems in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and choosing CCR5 as the target of anti-AIDS infection, and investigates the feasibility of relevant research. The fact that human genetic material can be irreversibly transformed into a human gene pool presents a huge risk and an ethical controversy. Therefore, we should strengthen the regulation and supervision of gene editing research at this stage. In this immature phase of technology development, we cannot conduct gene editing research with human germ cells and human embryos at will, especially clinical research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 100 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Reasonableness and its definition in the provision of health care

2010 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Norman Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Accountability For Reasonableness ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Rationing Problems ◽  
New Evidence

Two central goals of health policy are to improve population health as much as possible and to distribute the improvements fairly. These goals will often conflict. Reasonable people will disagree about how to resolve these conflicts, which take the form of various unsolved rationing problems. The conflict is also illustrated by the ethical controversy that surrounds the use of cost-effectiveness analysis. Because there is no consensus on principles to resolve these disputes, a fair process is needed to assure outcomes that are perceived to be fair and reasonable. One such process, accountability for reasonableness, assures transparency, involves stakeholders in deliberating about relevant rationales, and requires that decisions be revised in light of new evidence and arguments. It has been influential in various contexts including developed countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Sweden, and developing countries, such as Mexico....

Control Groups on Trial: The Ethics of Testing Experimental Ebola Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Control Groups ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ethical Argument ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
First Time ◽  
International Clinical Research

AbstractAlthough randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered the “gold standard” for testing experimental treatments, their use for Ebola has been subject to strong criticism by prominent ethicists and international aid organizations, and only one of the ongoing Ebola treatment trials has been designed in this manner. This is not the first time that RCTs in developing countries have provoked ethical controversy, but the objections to the Ebola clinical trials are fundamentally different from the concerns that have been raised in the past. After briefing reviewing the ongoing research on experimental Ebola treatments, this Article examines the current controversies in the context of previous debates over the ethics of international clinical research. It concludes that RCTs provide the most reliable method for developing effective Ebola treatments, and that their methodological rigor is itself a persuasive ethical argument in favor of using them. However, limited departures from the methodologically ideal approach may be necessary to accommodate the expectations of participants and to promote community trust.

scholarly journals Ethical Controversy About Hysterectomy for a Minor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. e20163992
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Burgart ◽  
Julie Strickland ◽  
Dena Davis ◽  
Arlene B. Baratz ◽  
Katrina Karkazis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
A Minor

Ethical Controversy over Information and Communication Technology

2009 ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Pilar Alejandra Cortés Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ethical Controversy

‘What positive and negative aspects are perceived of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)?’ and ‘What dilemmas arise regarding these technologies?’ are the two questions addressed in this chapter. First of all, we have conducted a theoretical analysis comparing various ICT characteristic from two different perspectives: the positive and the negative ones of ICT. Secondly, we present the results in two work modules conducted in the Observation Laboratory of Technoethics for Adults (LOTA) project, already explained in the previous chapter, with an inference towards intervention.

Risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Ethical Issue ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Societal Risk ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
Ethical Controversy

Every day persons face threats from natural disasters such as hurricanes and from technological hazards such as exposure to more than 60,000 different chemicals. The increase of pervasive, human-caused hazards raises a number of philosophical issues, most notably in the areas of ethics and epistemology. There are three main classes of ethical issue associated with risk. (1) Who should define risk, and how should it be defined? (2) Who should evaluate risk, and according to which rules? (3) What are the conditions under which it is ethically acceptable to impose societal risk? Societal risks (such as those from liquefied natural gas facilities) tend to be involuntarily imposed, whereas individual risks (such as those from dietary consumption of saturated fats) are more voluntarily chosen. This discussion addresses societal, rather than individual, risks because they involve less individual choice and hence more ethical controversy.

Some Points of Ethical Controversy

Ethics ◽  
1907 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
A. C. Pigou
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Controversy
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