Trees for bees: could woody plant pollen be used as a consistent resource in bee-focused agri-environment schemes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Wood ◽  
M. Vanderplanck ◽  
M. Vastrade ◽  
A.D. Vaudo ◽  
D. Michez
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Plant Pollen

In Vitro Establishment of Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera pulchra) on Microshoots of Flowering Dogwood

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506a-506
Author(s):  
L.A. Klein ◽  
M.T. Windham ◽  
R.N. Trigiano
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Microshoot and callus cultures of Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), which were grown on woody plant medium amended with BA, were inoculated with Microsphaera pulchra (an obligate plant parasite) by gently shaking infected leaves bearing numerous conidia over the tissue. Culture dishes were sealed with parafilm and incubated at 24 °C with 25 mol·m–2·s–1 provided by cool fluorescent bulbs for 15 h. Cultures were examined with a dissecting scope every 24 h and cultures transferred when contaminating fungi were present. Specimens were prepared light microscopy and SEM. The fungus infected individual callus cells, but did not sporulate. In contrast, powdery mildew was well-established (both primary and secondary hyphae) in 70% of the microshoot cultures after 6 days and sporulated on 20% by 7 to 8 days. The cellular relationship between host and pathogen in vitro was similar to that found in greenhouse-grown plants. This technique has possible applications in maintaining fungal culture collections and studying host–pathogen relationships under more stringently controlled conditions.

Vegetative Propagation of Woody Ornamentals Through Forcing of Epicormic Shoots

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 503c-503
Author(s):  
Paul H. Henry ◽  
John E. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Environmental Light

A propagation method is being developed that allows softwood shoots to be generated from stem sections of dormant woody plant species. These shoots, forced in the greenhouse during the winter, are subsequently collected and processed as softwood stem cuttings to produce clonal plant material. Many species in the nursery industry can only be propagated using softwood cuttings, and this technique allows propagation of these species to be initiated several months earlier than what is typically possible. Current studies involve expanded screening of ornamental tree and shrub species to determine if commercial production using this technique is feasible. Results demonstrate that many species may be propagated using this method, but that some species are more prolific than others with respect to number of softwood shoots produced. Additional studies are currently in progress to determine the environmental (light regime, moisture regime) and cultural (type of media) conditions that are optimal when producing clonal plant material via this technique.

Conservation and Restoration of Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Woody Plant Encroachment ◽  
Humpty Dumpty ◽  
Alternate States ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Stocking Rates

Conservation programs alter herbivore stocking rates and find and protect the remaining areas that have not been plowed or converted to crops. Restoration is an ‘Acid Test’ for ecology. If we fully understand how grassland systems function and assemble after disturbance, then it should be easy to restore them after they have been degraded or destroyed. Alternatively, the idea that restorations will not be equivalent to remnants has been termed the ‘Humpty Dumpty’ hypothesis—once lost, it cannot be put back together again. Community assembly may follow rules, and if these rules are uncovered, then we may be able to accurately predict final species composition after assembly. Priority effects are sometimes found depending on species arrival orders, and they can result in alternate states. Woody plant encroachment is the increase in density and biomass of woody plants, and it is strongly affecting grassland C and water cycles.

scholarly journals Study on Combustion Dynamic Performance of Woody Plant Based Hydrocarbon Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 446 ◽  
pp. 022018
Author(s):  
Aihua Zhang ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Yidan He ◽  
Pengying Lai ◽  
Yifu Miu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel

scholarly journals Observations on early fungal infections with relevance for replant disease in fine roots of the rose rootstock Rosa corymbifera 'Laxa'

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grunewaldt-Stöcker ◽  
C. Popp ◽  
A. Baumann ◽  
S. Fricke ◽  
M. Menssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose

AbstractReplant disease is a worldwide phenomenon affecting various woody plant genera and species, especially within the Rosaceae. Compared to decades of intensive studies regarding replant disease of apple (ARD), the replant disease of roses (RRD) has hardly been investigated. The etiology of RRD is also still unclear and a remedy desperately needed. In greenhouse pot trials with seedlings of the RRD-sensitive rootstock Rosa corymbifera ‘Laxa’ cultured in replant disease affected soils from two different locations, early RRD symptom development was studied in fine roots. In microscopic analyses we found similarities to ARD symptoms with regards to structural damages, impairment in the root hair status, and necroses and blackening in the cortex tissue. Examinations of both whole mounts and thin sections of fine root segments revealed frequent conspicuous fungal infections in association with the cellular disorders. Particularly striking were fungal intracellular structures with pathogenic characteristics that are described for the first time. Isolated fungi from these tissue areas were identified by means of ITS primers, and many of them were members of the Nectriaceae. In a next step, 35 of these isolates were subjected to a multi-locus sequence analysis and the results revealed that several genera and species were involved in the development of RRD within a single rose plant. Inoculations with selected single isolates (Rugonectria rugulosa and Ilyonectria robusta) in a Perlite assay confirmed their pathogenic relationship to early necrotic host plant reactions, and symptoms were similar to those exhibited in ARD.

scholarly journals The distribution of woody species in relation to climate and fire in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Fire Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. van Wagtendonk ◽  
Peggy E. Moore ◽  
Julie L. Yee ◽  
James A. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Yosemite National Park ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Woody Plant Species

Abstract Background The effects of climate on plant species ranges are well appreciated, but the effects of other processes, such as fire, on plant species distribution are less well understood. We used a dataset of 561 plots 0.1 ha in size located throughout Yosemite National Park, in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, to determine the joint effects of fire and climate on woody plant species. We analyzed the effect of climate (annual actual evapotranspiration [AET], climatic water deficit [Deficit]) and fire characteristics (occurrence [BURN] for all plots, fire return interval departure [FRID] for unburned plots, and severity of the most severe fire [dNBR]) on the distribution of woody plant species. Results Of 43 species that were present on at least two plots, 38 species occurred on five or more plots. Of those 38 species, models for the distribution of 13 species (34%) were significantly improved by including the variable for fire occurrence (BURN). Models for the distribution of 10 species (26%) were significantly improved by including FRID, and two species (5%) were improved by including dNBR. Species for which distribution models were improved by inclusion of fire variables included some of the most areally extensive woody plants. Species and ecological zones were aligned along an AET-Deficit gradient from cool and moist to hot and dry conditions. Conclusions In fire-frequent ecosystems, such as those in most of western North America, species distribution models were improved by including variables related to fire. Models for changing species distributions would also be improved by considering potential changes to the fire regime.

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