scholarly journals Capsular Type and Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Patients, Ranging from Newborns to the Elderly, with Invasive Infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2650-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somay Yamagata Murayama ◽  
Chizuko Seki ◽  
Hiroshi Sakata ◽  
Katsuhiko Sunaoshi ◽  
Eiichi Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae isolates (n = 189) from patients with invasive infections were analyzed for capsular type by PCR, for antimicrobial susceptibility, and for the presence of resistance genes. In contrast to the predominance of capsular type III in children, types Ib and V were most common among adults. All 45 levofloxacin-resistant strains had two amino acid substitutions, Ser81Leu in the gyrA gene and Ser79Phe in the parC gene, and showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- in Luxembourg, 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mossong ◽  
P Marques ◽  
C Ragimbeau ◽  
P Huberty-Krau ◽  
S Losch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile

A monophasic Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- phage type DT193 emerged as the dominant serovar in Luxembourg in 2006, when it caused two major outbreaks involving 133 laboratory-confirmed human cases, 24 hospitalisations, and one death. The outbreak strain had an uncommon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern STYMXB.0031 and antibiotic resistance profile ASSuT. A high proportion of cases were clustered in institutions for the elderly and in day-care centers. Strains identical to the outbreak strain were recovered from two control meals, a nappy changing table, retail sausages and caecal porcine samples at an abattoir. Locally produced pork meat is strongly suspected to have been the vehicle for the outbreaks, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiaepulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns cross capsular types

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PILLAI ◽  
U. SRINIVASAN ◽  
L. ZHANG ◽  
S. M. BORCHARDT ◽  
J. DEBUSSCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Capsular Typing

SUMMARYStreptococcus agalactiaeis a genetically diverse organism; when typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple types appear within a single serotype. We tested whetherS. agalactiaePFGE types correspond to a specific serotype within individuals, and different individuals from the same geographic area. A total of 872S. agalactiaeisolates from 152 healthy individuals were classified by PFGE and capsular serotype. Serotype V was the most homogeneous (Simpson's diversity index 0·54); and types III, II and Ib were mostly heterogeneous (Simpson's diversity index ⩾0·90). Within an individual, isolates with the same PFGE patterns had identical capsular types, but across individuals the same PFGE types sometimes occurred in different serotypes. Capsular type alone is insufficient to define epidemiological relatedness. Although PFGE types appear to be a valid surrogate for capsular typing of isolates from the same individual, it is not a valid surrogate for serotype in isolates from different individuals.

scholarly journals Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Nichari Bamphensin ◽  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Rujirat Hatrongjit ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Nahuel Fittipaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Almost All

Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.

scholarly journals Presence of the tet(O) Gene in Erythromycin- and Tetracycline-Resistant Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and Linkage with either the mef(A) or the erm(A) Gene

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2844-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Giovanetti ◽  
Andrea Brenciani ◽  
Remo Lupidi ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts ◽  
Pietro E. Varaldo
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Sixty-three recent Italian clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to both erythromycin (MICs ≥ 1 μg/ml) and tetracycline (MICs ≥ 8 μg/ml) were genotyped for macrolide and tetracycline resistance genes. We found 19 isolates carrying the mef(A) and the tet(O) genes; 25 isolates carrying the erm(A) and tet(O) genes; and 2 isolates carrying the erm(A), tet(M), and tet(O) genes. The resistance of all erm(A)-containing isolates was inducible, but the isolates could be divided into two groups on the basis of erythromycin MICs of either >128 or 1 to 4 μg/ml. The remaining 17 isolates included 15 isolates carrying the erm(B) gene and 2 isolates carrying both the erm(B) and the mef(A) genes, with all 17 carrying the tet(M) gene. Of these, 12 carried Tn916-Tn1545-like conjugative transposons. Conjugal transfer experiments demonstrated that the tet(O) gene moved with and without the erm(A) gene and with the mef(A) gene. These studies, together with the results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis experiments and hybridization assays with DNA probes specific for the tet(O), erm(A), and mef(A) genes, suggested a linkage of tet(O) with either erm(A) or mef(A) in erythromycin- and tetracycline-resistant S. pyogenes isolates. By amplification and sequencing experiments, we detected the tet(O) gene ca. 5.5 kb upstream from the mef(A) gene. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of the tet(O) gene in S. pyogenes and showing that it may be linked with another gene and can be moved by conjugation from one chromosome to another.

Evolution of antibiotic resistance: several different amino acid substitutions in an active site loop alter the substrate profile of ?-lactamase

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Palzkill ◽  
Quyen-Quyen Le ◽  
K. V. Venkatachalam ◽  
Mark LaRocco ◽  
Hermes Ocera
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions

scholarly journals Diversity and Mobility of Integrative and Conjugative Elements in Bovine Isolates of Streptococcusagalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, and S. uberis

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (24) ◽  
pp. 7957-7965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Estelle Saras ◽  
Stéphane Bertin ◽  
Pierre Leblond ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Lysine Trna ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Element

ABSTRACT Bovine isolates of S treptococcus agalactiae (n = 76), S treptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (n = 32), and S treptococcus uberis (n = 101) were analyzed for the presence of different integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and their association with macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance. The diversity of the isolates included in this study was demonstrated by multilocus sequence typing for S. agalactiae and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. Most of the erythromycin-resistant strains carry an ermB gene. Five strains of S. uberis that are resistant to lincomycin but susceptible to erythromycin carry the lin(B) gene, and one has both linB and lnuD genes. In contrast to S. uberis, most of the S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae tetracycline-resistant isolates carry a tet(M) gene. A tet(S) gene was also detected in the three species. A Tn916-related element was detected in 30 to 50% of the tetracycline-resistant strains in the three species. Tetracycline resistance was successfully transferred by conjugation to an S. agalactiae strain. Most of the isolates carry an ICE integrated in the rplL gene. In addition, half of the S. agalactiae isolates have an ICE integrated in a tRNA lysine (tRNALys) gene. Such an element is also present in 20% of the isolates of S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. A circular form of these ICEs was detected in all of the isolates tested, indicating that these genetic elements are mobile. These ICEs could thus also be a vehicle for horizontal gene transfer between streptococci of animal and/or human origin.

scholarly journals First Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates Highly Resistant to Quinolones, with Point Mutations in gyrA and parC

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3605-3609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kawamura ◽  
Hiromitsu Fujiwara ◽  
Noriko Mishima ◽  
Yuko Tanaka ◽  
Ayako Tanimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Double Point ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Three isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae highly resistant to multiple fluoroquinolones were isolated in Japan. Compared with susceptible strains of S. agalactiae, these quinolone-resistant strains had double point mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC; Ser-81 was changed to Leu (TCA → TTA) in the amino acid sequence deduced from gyrA, and Ser-79 was changed to Phe (TCC → TTC) in the amino acid sequence deduced from parC. Comparative sequence analysis revealed the possibility of gene transfer between S. agalactiae and another beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus difficile.

scholarly journals Metallo-β-Lactamases in ClinicalPseudomonas Isolates in Taiwan and Identification of VIM-3, a Novel Variant of the VIM-2 Enzyme

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2224-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jou Yan ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Kwen-Tay Luh ◽  
Shu-Huei Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT A total of 209 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas (193Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 P. putida, 4P. stutzeri, and 2 P. fluorescensisolates) with reduced susceptibilities to imipenem and/or ceftazidime were subjected to PCR assays with primers specific forbla IMP-1, bla IMP-2,bla VIM-1, and bla VIM-2and sequence analysis to identify the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) prevalent among these organisms in Taiwan; and 21 isolates gave positive results. Five isolates including two P. putida and three P. stutzeri isolates were found to carrybla IMP-1, and six isolates including fiveP. putida and one P. stutzeri isolates harboredbla VIM-2. The remaining 10 isolates wereP. aeruginosa, and all were found to carry a novel variant of bla VIM-2, designatedbla VIM-3. There are only two nucleotide differences between bla VIM-2 andbla VIM-3, leading to two amino acid alterations. Our findings indicate that VIM-2 and its variant have become the most prevalent metalloenzymes in Pseudomonas in Taiwan. Southern hybridization with thebla VIM-2-, bla VIM-3-, and bla IMP-1 -specific probes revealed that only two VIM-2-producing P. putida isolates appeared to carry the MBL gene on plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that six VIM-3-producing P. aeruginosa isolates and two IMP-1-producing P. stutzeri isolates were genetically related, suggesting that the spread of these MBL genes in Taiwan could be due to clonal dissemination as well as genetic exchange between different clones.

scholarly journals Genetic Features of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Causing Severe Neonatal Infections, as Revealed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and hylB Gene Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1892-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Rolland ◽  
Corinne Marois ◽  
Veronique Siquier ◽  
Blandine Cattier ◽  
Roland Quentin
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Group A

A collection of 114 independent Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including 54 strains isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of neonates and 60 strains from asymptomatic patients, was characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of DNA restricted with SmaI and by PCR analysis of the hylB gene. All strains were previously studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) (R. Quentin, H. Huet, F.-S. Wang, P. Geslin, A. Goudeau, and R. K. Selander, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2576–2581, 1995). Among these 114 strains, there were 92 PFGE patterns. Eleven genetic groups (A to K) were identified with 38% divergence. A more homogeneous group (PFGE group A) was defined, consisting of 73% of the strains previously identified as belonging to a particular MLEE phylogenetic group. A 162-kb fragment was identified as a marker of strains that invaded the central nervous system of neonates. It was detected in 69% of the PFGE patterns obtained with CSF isolates and in only 1.8% of the PFGE patterns obtained with carrier strains. The hylB gene encoding hyaluronate lyase was amplified for all strains in our collection. Ten of 15 isolates belonging to an MLEE subgroup, previously described as being likely to cause invasive infection, had an insertion in the hylB gene (IS1548).

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