scholarly journals Visna virus as an in vitro model for human immunodeficiency virus and inhibition by ribavirin, phosphonoformate, and 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides.

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K B Frank ◽  
P A McKernan ◽  
R A Smith ◽  
D F Smee
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Visna Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Primary Cell Model for Activation-Inducible Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 7424-7434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Burke ◽  
Helen J. Brown ◽  
Matthew D. Marsden ◽  
Gregory Bristol ◽  
Dimitrios N. Vatakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Reporter Activity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT Quiescent T lymphocytes containing latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) provide a long-lived viral reservoir. This reservoir may be the source of active infection that is reinitiated following the cessation of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in latent infection to develop new strategies to eliminate the latent HIV reservoir. We have previously demonstrated that latently infected quiescent lymphocytes can be generated during thymopoiesis in vivo in the SCID-hu mouse system. However, there is still a pressing need for an in vitro model of HIV latency in primary human cells. Here, we present a novel in vitro model that recapitulates key aspects of dormant HIV infection. Using an enhanced green fluorescent protein-luciferase fusion protein-containing reporter virus, we have generated a stable infection in primary human CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes in the absence of viral gene expression. T-cell activation induces a >200-fold induction of reporter activity. The induced reporter activity originates from a fully reverse-transcribed and integrated genome. We further demonstrate that this model can be useful to study long terminal repeat regulation, as previously characterized NF-κB response element mutations decrease the activation of viral gene expression. This model can therefore be used to study intricate molecular aspects of activation-inducible HIV infection in primary cells.

scholarly journals Human Brain Organoids as an In Vitro Model System of Viral Infectious Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Su ◽  
Peng Yue ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Relationship

Brain organoids, or brainoids, have shown great promise in the study of central nervous system (CNS) infection. Modeling Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in brain organoids may help elucidate the relationship between ZIKV infection and microcephaly. Brain organoids have been used to study the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HSV-1, and other viral infections of the CNS. In this review, we summarize the advances in the development of viral infection models in brain organoids and their potential application for exploring mechanisms of viral infections of the CNS and in new drug development. The existing limitations are further discussed and the prospects for the development and application of brain organs are prospected.

scholarly journals Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Abacavir Have Different Effects on Resting Cells Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus In Vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2825-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Saavedra-Lozano ◽  
Cynthia C. McCoig ◽  
Yanying Cao ◽  
Ellen S. Vitetta ◽  
Octavio Ramilo
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT We have previously described an in vitro model for the evaluation of the effects of different immunomodulatory agents and immunotoxins (ITs) on cells latently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We demonstrated that latently infected, replication-competent cells can be generated in vitro after eliminating CD25+ cells with an IT. Thus, by selectively killing the productively infected cells with an anti-CD25 IT we can generate a population of latently infected cells. CD25− cells generated in this manner were treated with nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors and subsequently activated with phytohemagglutinin in the presence of the drugs. The antiviral activities of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and abacavir (ABC) were evaluated by using this model. 3TC and ABC demonstrated significant activity in decreasing HIV production from recently infected resting cells following their activation, whereas the effect of ZDV was more modest. These results suggest that the differences in antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs on resting cells should be considered when designing drug combinations for the treatment of HIV infection. The model presented here offers a convenient alternative for evaluating the mechanism of action of new antiretroviral agents (J. Saavedra, C. Johnson, J. Koester, M. St. Claire, E. Vitteta, O. Ramilo, 37th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. I-59, 1997).

An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hoda Keshmiri Neghab ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar ◽  
Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation responses.

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