scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin among Isolates of Enterococcus faecium from Animals, Raw Meat, and Hospital Patients in Western Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehnam Soltani ◽  
David Beighton ◽  
John Philpott-Howard ◽  
Neil Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Twenty-eight quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates ofEnterococcus faecium from hospital patients and nonhuman sources in European countries were studied. High-level resistance (MICs, ≥32 μg/ml) was associated with the presence ofvat(E) (satG) (14 isolates [50%]) orvat(D) (satA) (6 isolates [21%]). These genes were not detected in eight (29%) isolates with lower levels of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance (MICs, 4 to 16 μg/ml). This suggests the presence of further mechanisms of resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin in E. faecium.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococci Causing Infections in Europe

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2542-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Schouten ◽  
A. Voss ◽  
J. A. A. Hoogkamp-Korstanje
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT In vitro susceptibilities of 4,208 enterococci (83%Enterococcus faecalis isolates, 13.6% Enterococcus faecium isolates, and 3.4% isolates of other species) from patients in 27 European countries towards 16 antibiotics were determined. High-level resistance to gentamicin varied by country (range, 1 to 49%; mean, 22.6% ± 12.3%) and per species (19.7%E. faecalis isolates, 13.6% E. faeciumisolates, 3.4% by other species). Vancomycin resistance was detected in 0.06% E. faecalis, 3.8% E. faecium, and 19.1% isolates of other species. All enterococci were susceptible to LY 333328 and everninomicin, and 25% of E. faecalisisolates and 85% of other enterococci were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. The MIC of moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin for ciprofloxacin-susceptible E. faecalis at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited was 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml.

scholarly journals High-level resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecium.

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Eliopoulos ◽  
C Wennersten ◽  
S Zighelboim-Daum ◽  
E Reiszner ◽  
D Goldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Humans in France

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2728-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morvan ◽  
C. Moubareck ◽  
A. Leclercq ◽  
M. Hervé-Bazin ◽  
S. Bremont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Surveillance

ABSTRACT Susceptibility to antibiotics of 4,816 clinical L. monocytogenes strains isolated since 1926 was studied, and the temporal evolution of susceptibility to antibiotics was analyzed through several decades. The mechanisms of resistance in each resistant strain were studied. The prevalence of resistant strains was estimated at 1.27% among isolates from humans. Resistance to tetracyclines+ and fluoroquinolones was more common and has recently emerged. Although acquired resistance in clinical L. monocytogenes did not implicate clinically relevant antibiotics, the possibility of resistance gene transfers, the description of the first clinical isolate with high-level resistance to trimethoprim, and the recent increase in penicillin MICs up to 2 μg/ml reinforce the need for microbiological surveillance.

Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Cecal Contents in Broiler Chicken and Turkey Flocks Slaughtered in Canada and Plasmid Colocalization of tetO and ermB Genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINDY-LOVE TREMBLAY ◽  
ANN LETELLIER ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽  
MARTINE BOULIANNE ◽  
DANIELLE DAIGNAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

This study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants and investigate plasmid colocalization of tetracycline and macrolide genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from broiler chicken and turkey flocks in Canada. A total of 387 E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were recovered from poultry cecal contents from five processing plants. The percentages of resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively, were 88.1 and 94% to bacitracin, 0 and 0.9% to chloramphenicol, 0.7 and 14.5% to ciprofloxacin, 72.6 and 80.3% to erythromycin, 3.7 and 41% to flavomycin, 9.6 and 4.3% (high-level resistance) to gentamicin, 25.2 and 17.1% (high-level resistance) to kanamycin, 100 and 94% to lincomycin, 0 and 0% to linezolid, 2.6 and 20.5% to nitrofurantoin, 3 and 27.4% to penicillin, 98.5 and 89.7% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, 7 and 12.8% to salinomycin, 46.7 and 38.5% (high-level resistance) to streptomycin, 95.6 and 89.7% to tetracycline, 73 and 75.2% to tylosin, and 0 and 0% to vancomycin. One predominant multidrug-resistant phenotypic pattern was identified in both E. faecalis and E. faecium (bacitracin, erythromycin, lincomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and tylosin). These isolates were further examined by PCR and sequencing for the genes encoding their antimicrobial resistance. Various combinations of vatD, vatE, bcrR, bcrA, bcrB, bcrD, ermB, msrC, linB, tetM, and tetO genes were detected, and ermB, tetM, and bcrB were the most common antimicrobial resistance genes identified. For the first time, plasmid extraction and hybridization revealed colocalization of tetO and ermB genes on a ca. 11-kb plasmid in E. faecalis isolates, and filter mating experiments demonstrated its transferability. Results indicate that the intestinal enterococci of healthy poultry, which can contaminate poultry meat at slaughter, could be a reservoir for quinupristin-dalfopristin, bacitracin, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes.

scholarly journals Failure of VITEK2 to reliably detect vanB- mediated vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah V. Walker ◽  
Martina Wolke ◽  
Georg Plum ◽  
Robert E. Weber ◽  
Guido Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) necessitates a reliable detection of VRE especially for low level resistance mediated by vanB in Enterococcus faecium. In this prospective study we analyzed if vanB mediated vancomycin resistance can be reliably detected by Vitek2.Methods1344 enterococcal isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested by Vitek2 (bioMérieux, Nürtingen, Germany). Additionally, a bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) was inoculated on a chromID VRE screening agar (bioMérieux) and incubated for 48 hours. If vancomycin was tested susceptible by Vitek2 but growth was detected on the screening agar a PCR for vanA/vanB was performed (GeneXpert vanA/B test kit, Cepheid, Frankfurt, Germany). MICs of vancomycin susceptible by Vitek but vanA/B positive isolates were determined before and after cultivation in a broth with increasing concentration of vancomycin.Results156/492 of E. faecium were VRE, predominantly vanB (87.0%) of which 14 were not identified as VRE by Vitek2 (sensitivity 91.0%). The majority (9/14) demonstrated high-level MICs by broth dilution. Even after exposure to increasing vancomycin concentrations MICs remained nearly identical. Three of the undetected isolates demonstrated initial growth on chromID VRE, after the vancomycin exposure additional 7 isolates demonstrated growth on chromID VRE.ConclusionsVitek2 fails to detect vanB mediated vancomycin resistance consistently, especially but not limited to low-level resistance. As this may lead to treatment failure and further dissemination of vanB VRE, additional methods (e.g. culture on VRE screening agar or PCR) are necessary to reliably identify vanB-positive enterococci in clinical routine.

Detection of high- and moderately high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin in Enterococcus faecium by a disc diffusion method

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
H. Lopardo ◽  
C. Bantar ◽  
M. Venuta ◽  
L. Fernandez Canigia ◽  
S. Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to gentamicin

The Lancet ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 337 (8753) ◽  
pp. 1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Woodford ◽  
R.C. George ◽  
E. Mcnamara ◽  
E. Smyth ◽  
S. Namnyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to gentamicin

The Lancet ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 338 (8764) ◽  
pp. 445-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bendall ◽  
Rod Warren ◽  
Derek Brown
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

scholarly journals Novel Mechanism of Resistance to Glycopeptide Antibiotics in Enterococcus faecium

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (43) ◽  
pp. 32254-32262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Cremniter ◽  
Jean-Luc Mainardi ◽  
Nathalie Josseaume ◽  
Jean-Charles Quincampoix ◽  
Lionel Dubost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Link Formation ◽  
Level Resistance

Glycopeptides and β-lactams are the major antibiotics available for the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Emergence of cross-resistance to these drugs by a single mechanism has been considered as unlikely because they inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization by different mechanisms. The glycopeptides bind to the peptidyl-d-Ala4-d-Ala5 extremity of peptidoglycan precursors and block by steric hindrance the essential glycosyltransferase and d,d-transpeptidase activities of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The β-lactams are structural analogues of d-Ala4-d-Ala5 and act as suicide substrates of the d,d-transpeptidase module of the PBPs. Here we have shown that bypass of the PBPs by the recently described β-lactam-insensitive l,d-transpeptidase from Enterococcus faecium (Ldtfm) can lead to high level resistance to glycopeptides and β-lactams. Cross-resistance was selected by glycopeptides alone or serially by β-lactams and glycopeptides. In the corresponding mutants, UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide was extensively converted to UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide following hydrolysis of d-Ala5, thereby providing the substrate of Ldtfm. Complete elimination of d-Ala5, a residue essential for glycopeptide binding, was possible because Ldtfm uses the energy of the l-Lys3-d-Ala4 peptide bond for cross-link formation in contrast to PBPs, which use the energy of the d-Ala4-d-Ala5 bond. This novel mechanism of glycopeptide resistance was unrelated to the previously identified replacement of d-Ala5 by d-Ser or d-lactate.

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