Gemifloxacin Is Effective in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT In a rabbit model of Streptococcus pneumoniaemeningitis, 5 mg of gemifloxacin mesylate (SB-265805) per kg/h reduced the bacterial titers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) almost as rapidly as 10 mg of ceftriaxone per kg/h (Δlog CFU/ml/h ± standard deviation [SD], −0.25 ± 0.09 versus −0.38 ± 0.11; serum and CSF concentrations of gemifloxacin were 2.1 ± 1.4 mg/liter and 0.59 ± 0.38 mg/liter, respectively, at 24 h). Coadministration of 1 mg of dexamethasone per kg did not affect gemifloxacin serum and CSF levels (2.7 ± 1.4 mg/liter and 0.75 ± 0.34 mg/liter, respectively, at 24 h) or activity (Δlog CFU/ml/h ± SD, −0.26 ± 0.11).

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Daptomycin Is Highly Efficacious against Penicillin-Resistant and Penicillin- and Quinolone-Resistant Pneumococci in Experimental Meningitis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.10.3928-3933.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 3928-3933 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Philippe Cottagnoud ◽

Marc Pfister ◽

Fernando Acosta ◽

Marianne Cottagnoud ◽

Lukas Flatz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Resistant Strain ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Standard Regimen ◽

Bacterial Titer ◽

Lipopeptide Antibiotic ◽

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT The penetration of daptomycin, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, into inflamed meninges ranged between 4.37 and 7.53% (mean, 5.97%). Daptomycin was very efficacious in the treatment of experimental pneumococcal meningitis, producing a decrease of −1.20 ± 0.32 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h in the bacterial titer of Streptococcus pneumoniae against a penicillin-resistant strain and of −0.97 ± 0.32 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h against a penicillin- and quinolone-resistant strain found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For both strains, daptomycin was significantly superior to the standard regimen of a combination of ceftriaxone with vancomycin, sterilizing 9 of 10 CSF samples after 4 h. In vitro, daptomycin produced highly bactericidal activity in concentrations above the MIC.

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Progression of Hearing Loss in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis: Correlation with Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytochemistry

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/167.3.675 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 167 (3) ◽

pp. 675-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

S. M. Bhatt ◽

A. Lauretano ◽

C. Cabellos ◽

C. Halpin ◽

R. A. Levine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

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Inhibition of Leukocyte Entry into the Brain by the Selectin Blocker Fucoidin Decreases Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels but Increases IL-8 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis in Rabbits

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.6.3153-3157.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 3153-3157 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Christian Østergaard ◽

Runa Vavia Yieng-Kow ◽

Thomas Benfield ◽

Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽

Frank Espersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Brain ◽

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide fucoidin is a selectin blocker that inhibits leukocyte recruitment into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. In the present study, the effect of fucoidin treatment on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-8 into the CSF was investigated. Rabbits (n = 7) were treated intravenously with 10 mg of fucoidin/kg of body weight every second hour starting 4 h after intracisternal inoculation of ∼106 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (untreated control group, n = 7). CSF samples were obtained every second hour during a 16-h study period. Treatment with fucoidin caused a consistent and significant decrease in CSF IL-1 levels (in picograms per milliliter) between 12 and 16 h (0 versus 170, 0 versus 526, and 60 versus 1,467, respectively;P < 0.02). A less consistent decrease in CSF TNF-α levels was observed in the fucoidin-treated group, but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was no attenuation in CSF IL-8 levels. Indeed, there was a significant increase in CSF IL-8 levels (in picograms per milliliter) in the fucoidin-treated group at 10 and 12 h (921 versus 574 and 1,397 versus 569, respectively;P < 0.09). In conclusion, our results suggest that blood-derived leukocytes mainly are responsible for the release of IL-1 and to some degree TNF-α into the CSF during pneumococcal meningitis, whereas IL-8 may be produced by local cells within the brain.

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BMS-284756 in Experimental Cephalosporin-Resistant Pneumococcal Meningitis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.11.3098-3103.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 3098-3103 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Violeta Rodriguez-Cerrato ◽

Faryal Ghaffar ◽

Jesus Saavedra ◽

Ian C. Michelow ◽

Robert D. Hardy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Single Dose ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Elimination Half ◽

Pharmacodynamic Profile

ABSTRACT BMS-284756 is a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone with a broad antimicrobial activity, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic profile and effectiveness of BMS-284756 for therapy of experimental meningitis caused by penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant S. pneumoniae (CRSP). Meningitis was induced in rabbits by intracisternal inoculation of CRSP. BMS-284756 was given intravenously 16 h after intracisternal inoculation in single doses of 2.5 (n = 5 animals), 5 (n = 6), 10 (n = 6), 20 (n = 8), and 30 mg/kg (n = 6), in two doses of 10 mg/kg each separated by 5 h (n = 4), and as a 20-mg/kg dose followed 5 h later by 10 mg/kg (n = 5). The MICs and MBCs of BMS-284756, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin were 0.06 and 0.06, 4 and 4, and 0.25 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. After single doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, the maximum concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (mean ± standard deviation) were 0.32 ± 0.12, 0.81 ± 0.38, and 1.08 ± 0.43 μg/ml, respectively; the elimination half-life in CSF was 4.5 to 6.3 h. The CSF bacterial killing rates (BKR) at 5 h of the single-dose regimens of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were −0.84 ± 0.48, −1.09 ± 0.32, and −1.35 ± 0.05 Δlog10 CFU/ml/h. The BKR0–5 of the divided regimens (10 mg/kg twice and 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg) was −0.82 ± 0.52 and −1.24 ± 0.34 Δlog10CFU/ml/h, respectively. The BKR0–5 of the combined therapy with vancomycin and ceftriaxone was −1.09 ± 0.39 Δlog10 CFU/ml/h. The penetration of BMS-284756 into purulent CSF relative to plasma was 14 to 25%. The bactericidal effect of BMS-284756 in CSF was concentration dependent. BMS-284756 at 30 mg/kg as a single or divided dose was as effective as standard therapy with vancomycin and ceftriaxone.

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Parainfectious vasculitis due to Pneumococcal meningitis following traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea resulting in cerebellar infarction

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v11i4.29178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 102-105

Author(s):

Ummer Karadan ◽

Robin George Manappallil ◽

Manoj Bhaskaran ◽

Anoop Chandran ◽

Ivin Panakkel Zacharia

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Cribriform Plate ◽

Cerebellar Infarction ◽

Traumatic Fracture ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Csf Rhinorrhoea ◽

Life Threatening Complication

Parainfectious vasculitis is a rare life threatening complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) meningitis. There is a 19% risk of developing meningitis in the patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The patient being reported developed CSF rhinorrhoea due to traumatic fracture of cribriform plate, followed by pneumococcal meningitis and parainfectious vasculitis resulting in cerebellar infarction.

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Attenuation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammation by the Nonbacteriolytic Antibiotic Daptomycin versus That by Ceftriaxone in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00812-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 1323-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Denis Grandgirard ◽

Kevin Oberson ◽

Angela Bühlmann ◽

Rahel Gäumann ◽

Stephen L. Leib

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Infant Rat ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein ◽

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT Antibiotic-induced bacteriolysis exacerbates inflammation and brain damage in bacterial meningitis. Here the quality and temporal kinetics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation were assessed in an infant rat pneumococcal meningitis model for the nonbacteriolytic antibiotic daptomycin versus ceftriaxone. Daptomycin led to lower CSF concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-10, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) (P < 0.05). In experimental pneumococcal meningitis, daptomycin treatment resulted in more rapid bacterial killing, lower CSF inflammation, and less brain damage than ceftriaxone treatment.

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