scholarly journals Microbes Enriched in Seawater after Addition of Coral Mucus

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3274-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Allers ◽  
Christina Niesner ◽  
Christian Wild ◽  
Jakob Pernthaler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Alteromonas Macleodii

ABSTRACT We investigated which microbial taxa in coastal Red Sea water were stimulated by addition of mucus from the coral Fungia sp. Decreases in the concentration and C/N ratio of particulate organic material during short-term incubations (50 h) were paralleled by a steep rise in the number of Gammaproteobacteria, particularly Alteromonadaceae, followed by Vibrionaceae. Two almost identical genotypes affiliated with Alteromonas macleodii accounted for up to >85% of all Alteromonadaceae (45% of the total cells) in the mucus-amended enrichments but were rare in unamended control incubations and in ambient seawater. A. macleodii-like bacteria might thus be important in the transfer of organic carbon from coral mucus to the pelagic microbial food webs of coral reefs.

Fifty years of Marine and Freshwater Research

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Minimal Damage

Factors causing global degradation of coral reefs are examined briefly as a basis for predicting the likely consequences of increases in these factors. The earlier consensus was that widespread but localized damage from natural factors such as storms, and direct anthropogenic effects such as increased sedimentation, pollution and exploitation, posed the largest immediate threat to coral reefs. Now truly global factors associated with accelerating Global Climate Change are either damaging coral reefs or have the potential to inflict greater damage in the immediate future: e.g. increases in coral bleaching and mortality, and reductions in coral calcification due to changes in sea-water chemistry with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations. Rises in sea level will probably disrupt human communities and their cultures by making coral cays uninhabitable, whereas coral reefs will sustain minimal damage from the rise in sea level. The short-term (decades) prognosis is indeed grim, with major reductions almost certain in the extent and biodiversity of coral reefs, and severe disruptions to cultures and economies dependent on reef resources. The long-term (centuries to millennia) prognosis is more encouraging because coral reefs have remarkable resilience to severe disruption and will probably show this resilience in the future when climate changes either stabilize or reverse.

scholarly journals Autochthonous and allochthonous contributions of organic carbon to microbial food webs in Svalbard fjords

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnna M. Holding ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Antonio Delgado-Huertas ◽  
Karline Soetaert ◽  
Jorien E. Vonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Microbial Food Webs

Global and local threats to coral reef functioning and existence: review and predictions

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive R. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Global And Local

Factors causing global degradation of coral reefs are examined briefly as a basis for predicting the likely consequences of increases in these factors. The earlier consensus was that widespread but localized damage from natural factors such as storms, and direct anthropogenic effects such as increased sedimentation, pollution and exploitation, posed the largest immediate threat to coral reefs. Now truly global factors associated with accelerating Global Climate Change are either damaging coral reefs or have the potential to inflict greater damage in the immediate future: e.g. increases in coral bleaching and mortality, and reductions in coral calcification due to changes in sea-water chemistry with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations. Rises in sea level will probably disrupt human communities and their cultures by making coral cays uninhabitable, whereas coral reefs will sustain minimal damage from the rise in sea level. The short-term (decades) prognosis is indeed grim, with major reductions almost certain in the extent and biodiversity of coral reefs, and severe disruptions to cultures and economies dependent on reef resources. The long-term (centuries to millennia) prognosis is more encouraging because coral reefs have remarkable resilience to severe disruption and will probably show this resilience in the future when climate changes either stabilize or reverse.

BAHAN ORGANIK TERLARUT DALAM AIR LAUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Cation Distribution ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

Seawater contains high amounts of organic material and ions causing high salinity.The distribution of nutrients in the ocean is determined by ocean circulation, biological processes of uptake and mineralization, and subsequent regeneration of nutrients by migration of animals and by supply from the land.Topic related to sea water is important to discuss and to be a challenging with many researchers in Indonesia. In this paper, organic mater from sea water was learned in detail. The information contained of formulation history, justifi cation, distribution, advantages, and method of measure, type and effect to environment.Keywords: organic material, sea water, dissolved

Evaluating ozone dose for AOC removal in two-step GAC filters

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vahala ◽  
T. Ala-Peijari ◽  
J. Rintala ◽  
R. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Humic Lake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Ozonated Water

Upgrading an existing post-ozonation plant with two-step granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal was studied. The effects of ozone dose on AOC formation and its removal in the subsequent two-step GAC filtration was studied using chemically pretreated 2 to 14° C humic lake water. Two parallel pilot-plant trains with different ozone doses (0 to 1.2 mgO3/mgTOC) and a short-term ozonation study were performed. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 0.4–0.5 mgO3/mgTOC. The AOC-P17 of ozonated water was three-fold higher and AOC-NOX over ten-fold higher than in non-ozonated water, while the following biofiltration (first step) removed 51% and 72% of AOC-P17 and AOC-NOX, respectively. The adsorber (second step) contributed to less than 10% of the overall AOC reduction. It appeared that biofiltration is a feasible method in upgrading water treatment plants for AOC removal even when treating cold humic waters, while the subsequent adsorber seems to have less significance for AOC removal.

Microbial Food Webs in an Artificially Divided Acidic Bog Lake

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šimek ◽  
Dieter Babenzien ◽  
Thomas Bittl ◽  
Rainer Koschel ◽  
Miroslav Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Microbial Food Webs

scholarly journals Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xuexin Wang ◽  
Peng Geng ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

AbstractIn view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China, we investigated the effects of no-tillage mode (NT), deep loosening + deep rotary tillage mode (PT), rotary tillage mode (RT) and the addition of decomposing agent (the next is called a decomposer) (NT + S, PT + S, RT + S) on the decomposition proportion of straw, respectively, by using the nylon net bag method in combination with 365-day field plot experiments. The decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as well as the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in straw returned to the field for 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days were analyzed. The results showed that in the short term, the decomposition of straw was better in both the rotray tillage and deep loosening + deep rotary modes than in the no-tillage mode, and the addition of decomposer significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon from straw, among them, the RT + S treatment had the highest straw decomposition proportion and carbon release proportion in all sampling periods. After a one year experimental cycle, the RT + S treatment showed the highest proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition with 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively, and soil SOC, MBC and DOC contents were also higher than the other treatments with an increase of 2.30 g kg−1, 14.22 mg kg−1 and 25.10 mg kg−1, respectively, compared to the pre-experimental soil. Our results show that in the short term, to accelerate the decomposition rate of returned straw and increase the content of various forms of carbon in soil, rotary tillage can be used to return the straw to the field, while also spraying straw decomposer on its surface. This experiment used a new straw decomposer rich in a variety of microorganisms, combined with the comparison of a variety of straw return modes, and in-depth study of straw decomposition effects of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thus, a scheme that can effectively improve the decomposition rate of straw and the content of various forms of organic carbon in soil within a short period of time was explored to provide theoretical support for the southern Liaoning.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Effects of Organic Amendments on Parameters of Tropical Agricultural Soil and Yield: A Field Experiment in Three Countries in Southeast Asia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Doan ◽  
Phimmasone Sisouvanh ◽  
Thanyakan Sengkhrua ◽  
Supranee Sritumboon ◽  
Cornelia Rumpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Site Specific

Organic amendments may improve the quality of acidic tropical agricultural soils with low organic carbon contents under conventional management (mineral fertilization and irrigation) in Southeast Asia. We investigated the effect of biochar, compost and their combination on maize growth and yield, soil physical, biological and chemical properties at harvesting time at four sites in three countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. Treatments consisted of 10 t·ha−1 cow manure compost and 7 t·ha−1 of Bamboo biochar and their combination. Maize biomass production and cop yields were recorded for two seasons. Elemental content, pH and nutrient availability of soils were analyzed after the first growing season. We also characterized macrofauna abundance and water infiltration. Few changes were noted for maize biomass production and maize cop yield. Soil chemical parameters showed contrasting, site-specific results. Compost and biochar amendments increased soil organic carbon, pH, total K and N, P and K availability especially for sandy soils in Thailand. The combination of both amendments could reduce nutrient availability as compared to compost only treatments. Physical and biological parameters showed no treatment response. We conclude that the addition of compost, biochar and their mixture to tropical soils have site-specific short-term effects on chemical soil parameters. Their short-term effect on plants is thus mainly related to nutrient input. The site-dependent results despite similar crops, fertilization and irrigation practices suggest that inherent soil parameters and optimization of organic amendment application to specific pedoclimatic conditions need future attention.

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