scholarly journals Host-Directed Evolution of a Novel Lactate Oxidase in Streptococcus iniae Isolates from Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2908-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslina A. Nawawi ◽  
Justice C. F. Baiano ◽  
E. Charlotte E. Kvennefors ◽  
Andrew C. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lactate Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Gene

ABSTRACT In Streptococcus iniae, lactate metabolism is dependent upon two proteins, lactate permease that mediates uptake and lactate oxidase, a flavin mononucleotide-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of α-hydroxyacids. A novel variant of the lactate oxidase gene, lctO, in Australian isolates of S. iniae from diseased barramundi was found during a diagnostic screen using LOX-1 and LOX-2 primers, yielding amplicons of 920 bp instead of the expected 869 bp. Sequencing of the novel gene variant (type 2) revealed a 51-nucleotide insertion in lctO, resulting in a 17-amino-acid repeat in the gene product, and three-dimensional modeling indicated formation of an extra loop in the monomeric protein structure. The activities of the lactate oxidase enzyme variants expressed in Escherichia coli were examined, indicating that the higher-molecular-weight type 2 enzyme exhibited higher activity. Growth rates of S. iniae expressing the novel type 2 enzyme were not reduced at lactate concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5%, whereas a strain expressing the type 1 enzyme exhibited reduced growth rates at these lactate concentrations. During a retrospective screen of 105 isolates of S. iniae from Australia, the United States, Canada, Israel, Réunion Island, and Thailand, the type 2 variant arose only in isolates from a single marine farm with unusually high tidal flow in the Northern Territory, Australia. Elevated plasma lactate levels in the fish, resulting from the effort of swimming in tidal flows of up to 3 knots, may exert sufficient selective pressure to maintain the novel, high-molecular-weight enzyme variant.

Cloning and Analysis of the l-Lactate Utilization Genes from Streptococcus iniae

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 4346-4350 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gibello ◽  
M. D. Collins ◽  
L. Domínguez ◽  
J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal ◽  
P. T. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
Lactate Oxidase ◽  
Aerococcus Viridans ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenases

ABSTRACT The presence of lactate oxidase was examined in eightStreptococcus species and some related species of bacteria. A clone (pGR002) was isolated from a genomic library ofStreptococcus iniae generated in Escherichia coli, containing a DNA fragment spanning two genes designatedlctO and lctP. We show that these genes are likely to be involved in the l-lactic acid aerobic metabolism of this organism. This DNA fragment has been sequenced and characterized. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of LctP protein demonstrated that the protein had significant homology with thel-lactate permeases of other bacteria. The amino acid sequence of the LctO protein of S. iniae also showed a strong homology to l-lactate oxidase fromAerococcus viridans and some NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenases, all belonging to the family of flavin mononucleotide-dependent α-hydroxyacid-oxidizing enzymes. Biochemical assays of the gene products confirm the identity of the genes from the isolated DNA fragment and reveal a possible role for the lactate oxidase from S. iniae. This lactate oxidase is discussed in relation to the growth of the organism in response to carbon source availability.

1496-P: Clinical Inertia in Relation to Sociodemographic Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the United States

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1496-P
Author(s):  
GAIL FERNANDES ◽  
BAANIE SAWHNEY ◽  
HAKIMA HANNACHI ◽  
TONGTONG WANG ◽  
ANN MARIE MCNEILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Clinical Inertia

Kinetic Modelling of Anionic Polymerization Involving a Dynamic Equilibrium between Two Growth Centres with Different Growth Rates

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Jakeš
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Polymerization Time ◽  
Fast State ◽  
Growth State ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Growth Centres

Kinetic modelling of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymer obtained by an anionic polymerization with two types of growth centres in a dynamic equilibrium, having different growth rates and lifetimes comparable to the polymerization time, was made for low monomer conversions. On the basis of distribution of the growth centres according to the total time spent in the fast growth state, it was shown that MWD of the resulting polymer are mostly bimodal at the beginning of the polymerization and change to unimodal MWD at sufficiently high polymerization degrees depending on the equilibrization rate. When all centres are in the fast state in the beginning, MWD are essentially unimodal throughout. A hint of trimodality is observed in some cases, in an extent hardly detectable in real chromatograms. Hence, a polymodal MWD can be explained only when more than two growth centres with different growth rates are assumed.

Breaking Free

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Homosexuality ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
The Family

In the mid- to late 1950s, Pamela emerged as a critically acclaimed novelist, particularly after the family returned to London. In perhaps her best-known novel, The Unspeakable Skipton, she explores the life of a paranoid writer who sponges on English visitors to Bruges. The novel was hailed for its wit and sensitive depiction of the life of a writer. She also published a fine study of a London vicar martyred in marriage to a vain and selfish wife: The Humbler Creation is remarkable for its incisive and empathetic depiction of male despair. The Last Resort sealed her distinction as a brilliant novelist of domestic life in its frank depiction of male homosexuality. While continuing to publish fiction, Pamela maintained her reputation as a deft reviewer. In 1954, she and Charles travelled to the United States—the first of many trips that were to follow.

The Oxford History of the Novel in English

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Volume Nine of this series traces the development of the ‘world novel’, that is, English-language novels written throughout the world, beyond Britain, Ireland, and the United States. Focusing on the period up to 1950, the volume contains survey chapters and chapters on major writers, as well as chapters on book history, publishing, and the critical contexts of the work discussed. The text covers periods from renaissance literary imaginings of exotic parts of the world like Oceania, through fiction embodying the ideology and conventions of empire, to the emergence of settler nationalist and Indigenous movements and, finally, the assimilations of modernism at the beginnings of the post-imperial world order. The book, then, contains chapters on the development of the non-metropolitan novel throughout the British world from the eighteenth to the mid twentieth centuries. This is the period of empire and resistance to empire, of settler confidence giving way to doubt, and of the rise of indigenous and post-colonial nationalisms that would shape the world after World War II.

scholarly journals How Family Physicians Practice the Principle of Remission Along the Glycemic Continuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272097774
Author(s):  
Stephanie T. Fulleborn ◽  
Paul F. Crawford ◽  
Jeremy T. Jackson ◽  
Christy J.W. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Regulation

Introduction Recent evidence reveals that diabetes and prediabetes (preDM) can be reversed to normal glucose regulation (NGR) through significant weight loss, but how physicians clinically identify the principles of partial and complete remission of diabetes is largely unknown. Methods As part of the cross-sectional omnibus survey conducted in March 2019 at a professional annual meeting in the United States, physician participants answered case scenario questions about the diagnosis and documentation of patients with preDM and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Results Of the registered conference attendees, 387 (72.7%) responded. When presented with the initial case of preDM, 201 physicians (70.8%) selected R73.03 Prediabetes. In a follow-up encounter with improved lab results, 118 physicians (58.7%) indicated that they would not chart any diabetes-related code and 62 (30.8%) would chart preDM again. When presented with the case of T2DM, 256 physicians (90.1%) indicated E11.0–E11.9 Type 2 Diabetes. In the follow-up encounter, only 38 (14.8%) coded a diagnosis reflecting remission from T2DM to prediabetes and 211 (82.4%) charted T2DM. Conclusion Physicians may be reluctant to document diabetes regression as there is little evidence for long-term outcomes and “downgrading” the diagnosis in the medical record may cause screenings to be missed. Documenting this regression in the medical record should communicate the accurate point on the continuum of glucose intolerance with both the patient and the care team.

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