scholarly journals Isolation of Acetogenic Bacteria That Induce Biocorrosion by Utilizing Metallic Iron as the Sole Electron Donor

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souichiro Kato ◽  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
Yoichi Kamagata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria

ABSTRACTCorrosion of iron occurring under anoxic conditions, which is termed microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion, is mostly caused by microbial activities. Microbial activity that enhances corrosion via uptake of electrons from metallic iron [Fe(0)] has been regarded as one of the major causative factors. In addition to sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in marine environments, acetogenic bacteria in freshwater environments have recently been suggested to cause MIC under anoxic conditions. However, no microorganisms that perform acetogenesis-dependent MIC have been isolated or had their MIC-inducing mechanisms characterized. Here, we enriched and isolated acetogenic bacteria that induce iron corrosion by utilizing Fe(0) as the sole electron donor under freshwater, sulfate-free, and anoxic conditions. The enriched communities produced significantly larger amounts of Fe(II) than the abiotic controls and produced acetate coupled with Fe(0) oxidation prior to CH4production. Microbial community analysis revealed thatSporomusasp. andDesulfovibriosp. dominated in the enrichments. Strain GT1, which is closely related to the acetogenSporomusa sphaeroides, was eventually isolated from the enrichment. Strain GT1 grew acetogenetically with Fe(0) as the sole electron donor and enhanced iron corrosion, which is the first demonstration of MIC mediated by a pure culture of an acetogen. Other well-known acetogenic bacteria, includingSporomusa ovataandAcetobacteriumspp., did not grow well on Fe(0). These results indicate that very few species of acetogens have specific mechanisms to efficiently utilize cathodic electrons derived from Fe(0) oxidation and induce iron corrosion.

scholarly journals Iron Corrosion Induced by Nonhydrogenotrophic Nitrate-Reducing Prolixibacter sp. Strain MIC1-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Iino ◽  
Kimio Ito ◽  
Satoshi Wakai ◽  
Hirohito Tsurumaru ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Donor Acceptor

ABSTRACTMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metallic materials imposes a heavy economic burden. The mechanism of MIC of metallic iron (Fe0) under anaerobic conditions is usually explained as the consumption of cathodic hydrogen by hydrogenotrophic microorganisms that accelerates anodic Fe0oxidation. In this study, we describe Fe0corrosion induced by a nonhydrogenotrophic nitrate-reducing bacterium called MIC1-1, which was isolated from a crude-oil sample collected at an oil well in Akita, Japan. This strain requires specific electron donor-acceptor combinations and an organic carbon source to grow. For example, the strain grew anaerobically on nitrate as a sole electron acceptor with pyruvate as a carbon source and Fe0as the sole electron donor. In addition, ferrous ion andl-cysteine served as electron donors, whereas molecular hydrogen did not. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MIC1-1 was a member of the genusProlixibacterin the orderBacteroidales. Thus,Prolixibactersp. strain MIC1-1 is the first Fe0-corroding representative belonging to the phylumBacteroidetes. Under anaerobic conditions,Prolixibactersp. MIC1-1 corroded Fe0concomitantly with nitrate reduction, and the amount of iron dissolved by the strain was six times higher than that in an aseptic control. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that microscopic crystals of FePO4developed on the surface of the Fe0foils, and a layer of FeCO3covered the FePO4crystals. We propose that cells ofProlixibactersp. MIC1-1 accept electrons directly from Fe0to reduce nitrate.

scholarly journals Impact of Substratum Surface on Microbial Community Structure and Treatment Performance in Biological Aerated Filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavane Kim ◽  
Eulyn Pagaling ◽  
Yi Y. Zuo ◽  
Tao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Property Change ◽  
And Control ◽  
Start Ups

ABSTRACTThe impact of substratum surface property change on biofilm community structure was investigated using laboratory biological aerated filter (BAF) reactors and molecular microbial community analysis. Two substratum surfaces that differed in surface properties were created via surface coating and used to develop biofilms in test (modified surface) and control (original surface) BAF reactors. Microbial community analysis by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that the surface property change consistently resulted in distinct profiles of microbial populations during replicate reactor start-ups. Pyrosequencing of the bar-coded 16S rRNA gene amplicons surveyed more than 90% of the microbial diversity in the microbial communities and identified 72 unique bacterial species within 19 bacterial orders. Among the 19 orders of bacteria detected,BurkholderialesandRhodocyclalesof theBetaproteobacteriaclass were numerically dominant and accounted for 90.5 to 97.4% of the sequence reads, and their relative abundances in the test and control BAF reactors were different in consistent patterns during the two reactor start-ups. Three of the five dominant bacterial species also showed consistent relative abundance changes between the test and control BAF reactors. The different biofilm microbial communities led to different treatment efficiencies, with consistently higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal in the test reactor than in the control reactor. Further understanding of how surface properties affect biofilm microbial communities and functional performance would enable the rational design of new generations of substrata for the improvement of biofilm-based biological treatment processes.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Analysis of a Methane-Producing Biocathode in a Bioelectrochemical System

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke C. A. A. Van Eerten-Jansen ◽  
Anna B. Veldhoen ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Cees J. N. Buisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Cathode Potential ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Operational Conditions

A methane-producing biocathode that converts CO2into methane was studied electrochemically and microbiologically. The biocathode produced methane at a maximum rate of 5.1 L CH4/m2projected cathode per day (1.6 A/m2) at −0.7 V versus NHE cathode potential and 3.0 L CH4/m2projected cathode per day (0.9 A/m2) at −0.6 V versus NHE cathode potential. The microbial community at the biocathode was dominated by three phylotypes of Archaea and six phylotypes of bacteria. The Archaeal phylotypes were most closely related toMethanobacterium palustreandMethanobacterium aarhusense. Besides methanogenic Archaea, bacteria seemed to be associated with methane production, producing hydrogen as an intermediate. Biomass density varied greatly with part of the carbon electrode covered with a dense biofilm, while only clusters of cells were found on other parts. Based on our results, we discuss how inoculum enrichment and changing operational conditions may help to increase biomass density and to select for microorganisms that produce methane.

scholarly journals Fast and Facile Biodegradation of Polystyrene by the Gut Microbial Flora of Plesiophthalmus davidis Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongwook Woo ◽  
Intek Song ◽  
Hyung Joon Cha
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

ABSTRACT Polystyrene (PS), which accounts for a significant fraction of plastic wastes, is difficult to biodegrade due to its unique molecular structure. Therefore, biodegradation and chemical modification of PS are limited. In this study, we report PS biodegradation by the larvae of the darkling beetle Plesiophthalmus davidis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In 14 days, P. davidis ingested 34.27 ± 4.04 mg of Styrofoam (PS foam) per larva and survived by feeding only on Styrofoam. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the ingested Styrofoam was oxidized. Gel permeation chromatography analysis indicated the decrease in average molecular weight of the residual PS in the frass compared with the feed Styrofoam. When the extracted gut flora was cultured for 20 days with PS films, biofilm and cavities were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies revealed that C-O bonding was introduced into the biodegraded PS film. Serratia sp. strain WSW (KCTC 82146), which was isolated from the gut flora, also formed a biofilm and cavities on the PS film in 20 days, but its degradation was less prominent than the gut flora. XPS confirmed that C-O and C=O bonds were introduced into the biodegraded PS film by Serratia sp. WSW. Microbial community analysis revealed that Serratia was in the gut flora in significant amounts and increased sixfold when the larvae were fed Styrofoam for 2 weeks. This suggests that P. davidis larvae and its gut bacteria could be used to chemically modify and rapidly degrade PS. IMPORTANCE PS is widely produced in the modern world, but it is robust against biodegradation. A few studies reported the biodegradation of PS, but most of them merely observed its weight loss; fewer were able to find its chemical modifications, which are rather direct evidence of biodegradation, by using limited organisms. Therefore, it is required to find an effective way to decompose PS using various kinds of organisms. Herein, we discovered a new PS-degrading insect species and bacterial strain, and we found that the genus that includes the PS-degrading bacterial strain occurs in significant amounts in the larval gut flora, and the proportion of this genus increased as the larvae were fed Styrofoam. Our research offers a wider selection of PS-degrading insects and the possibility of using a certain mixture of bacteria that resemble the gut flora of a PS-degrading insect to biodegrade PS, and thus could contribute to solving the global plastic crisis.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical constraints on the origin of methane in an alluvial aquifer: evidence for the upward migration of methane from underlying coal measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte P. Iverach ◽  
Sabrina Beckmann ◽  
Dioni I. Cendón ◽  
Mike Manefield ◽  
Bryce F. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Coal Measures

Abstract. Geochemical and microbiological indicators of methane (CH4) production, oxidation and migration processes in groundwater are important to understand when attributing sources of gas. The processes controlling the natural occurrence of CH4 in groundwater must be understood, especially when considering the potential impacts of the global expansion of coal seam gas (CSG) production on groundwater quality and quantity. We use geochemical and microbiological data, along with measurements of CH4 isotopic composition (δ13C-CH4), to determine the processes acting upon CH4 in a freshwater alluvial aquifer that directly overlies coal measures targeted for CSG production in Australia. Measurements of CH4 indicate that there is biogenic CH4 in the aquifer; however, microbial data indicate that there are no methanogenic archaea in the groundwater. In addition, geochemical data, particularly the isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as the concentration of SO42−, indicate limited potential for methanogenesis in situ. Microbial community analysis also shows that aerobic oxidation of CH4 occurs in the alluvial aquifer. The combination of microbiological and geochemical indicators suggests that the most likely source of CH4, where it was present in the freshwater aquifer, is the upward migration of CH4 from the underlying coal measures.

scholarly journals A NovelShewanellaIsolate Enhances Corrosion by Using Metallic Iron as the Electron Donor with Fumarate as the Electron Acceptor

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Philips ◽  
Niels Van den Driessche ◽  
Kim De Paepe ◽  
Antonin Prévoteau ◽  
Jeffrey A. Gralnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hydrogen Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reducing Properties

ABSTRACTThe involvement ofShewanellaspp. in biocorrosion is often attributed to their Fe(III)-reducing properties, but they could also affect corrosion by using metallic iron as an electron donor. Previously, we isolatedShewanellastrain 4t3-1-2LB from an acetogenic community enriched with Fe(0) as the sole electron donor. Here, we investigated its use of Fe(0) as an electron donor with fumarate as an electron acceptor and explored its corrosion-enhancing mechanism. Without Fe(0), strain 4t3-1-2LB fermented fumarate to succinate and CO2, as was shown by the reaction stoichiometry and pH. With Fe(0), strain 4t3-1-2LB completely reduced fumarate to succinate and increased the Fe(0) corrosion rate (7.0 ± 0.6)-fold in comparison to that of abiotic controls (based on the succinate-versus-abiotic hydrogen formation rate). Fumarate reduction by strain 4t3-1-2LB was, at least in part, supported by chemical hydrogen formation on Fe(0). Filter-sterilized spent medium increased the hydrogen generation rate only 1.5-fold, and thus extracellular hydrogenase enzymes appear to be insufficient to explain the enhanced corrosion rate. Electrochemical measurements suggested that strain 4t3-1-2LB did not excrete dissolved redox mediators. Exchanging the medium and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging indicated that cells were attached to Fe(0). It is possible that strain 4t3-1-2LB used a direct mechanism to withdraw electrons from Fe(0) or favored chemical hydrogen formation on Fe(0) through maintaining low hydrogen concentrations. In coculture with anAcetobacteriumstrain, strain 4t3-1-2LB did not enhance acetogenesis from Fe(0). This work describes a strong corrosion enhancement by aShewanellastrain through its use of Fe(0) as an electron donor and provides insights into its corrosion-enhancing mechanism.IMPORTANCEShewanellaspp. are frequently found on corroded metal structures. Their role in microbial influenced corrosion has been attributed mainly to their Fe(III)-reducing properties and, therefore, has been studied with the addition of an electron donor (lactate).Shewanellaspp., however, can also use solid electron donors, such as cathodes and potentially Fe(0). In this work, we show that the electron acceptor fumarate supported the use of Fe(0) as the electron donor byShewanellastrain 4t3-1-2LB, which caused a (7.0 ± 0.6)-fold increase of the corrosion rate. The corrosion-enhancing mechanism likely involved cell surface-associated components in direct contact with the Fe(0) surface or maintenance of low hydrogen levels by attached cells, thereby favoring chemical hydrogen formation by Fe(0). This work sheds new light on the role ofShewanellaspp. in biocorrosion, while the insights into the corrosion-enhancing mechanism contribute to the understanding of extracellular electron uptake processes.

Modelling the competition between sulphate reducers and methanogens in a thermophilic methanol-fed bioreactor

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Spanjers ◽  
J. Weijma ◽  
A. Abusam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Reduction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Degradation Intermediates ◽  
Anaerobic System

Sulphate can be removed from wastewater by means of biological anaerobic reduction to sulphide. The reduction requires the presence of a substrate that can serve as an electron donor. Methanol is a suitable electron donor for sulphate reduction under thermophilic conditions. In an anaerobic system containing methanol and sulphate, acetogenic bacteria (AB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) compete with sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) for methanol or its degradation intermediates. Previously obtained results indicate that at 65°C SRB and MA mainly compete for the intermediate hydrogen instead of methanol. For efficient use of methanol as electron donor for sulphate reduction it is important that for the treatment of sulphate wastewater in an anaerobic reactor SRB out-compete MA. The mechanisms that determine the outcome of the competition are, however, not well understood. This paper describes a model based on growth kinetics of methanol-oxidising AB, and hydrogen-consuming SRB and MA, that can describe the competition between SRB and MA in a methanol-fed bioreactor. We present the model and its calibration using experimental data, and we discuss its shortcomings and suggest possible improvements.

scholarly journals Shewanella spp. Use Acetate as an Electron Donor for Denitrification but Not Ferric Iron or Fumarate Reduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2818-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhwan Yoon ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
Frank E. Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Fumarate Reduction

ABSTRACTLactate but not acetate oxidation was reported to support electron acceptor reduction byShewanellaspp. under anoxic conditions. We demonstrate that the denitrifiersShewanella loihicastrain PV-4 andShewanella denitrificansOS217 utilize acetate as an electron donor for denitrification but not for fumarate or ferric iron reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of Start-Up Strategies and Electrode Materials on Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Biocathodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Saheb-Alam ◽  
Abhijeet Singh ◽  
Malte Hermansson ◽  
Frank Persson ◽  
Anna Schnürer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Start Up

ABSTRACT The enrichment of CO 2 -reducing microbial biocathodes is challenging. Previous research has shown that a promising approach could be to first enrich bioanodes and then lower the potential so the electrodes are converted into biocathodes. However, the effect of such a transition on the microbial community on the electrode has not been studied. The goal of this study was thus to compare the start-up of biocathodes from preenriched anodes with direct start-up from bare electrodes and to investigate changes in microbial community composition. The effect of three electrode materials on the long-term performance of the biocathodes was also investigated. In this study, preenrichment of acetate-oxidizing bioanodes did not facilitate the start-up of biocathodes. It took about 170 days for the preenriched electrodes to generate substantial cathodic current, compared to 83 days for the bare electrodes. Graphite foil and carbon felt cathodes produced higher current at the beginning of the experiment than did graphite rods. However, all electrodes produced similar current densities at the end of the over 1-year-long study (2.5 A/m 2 ). Methane was the only product detected during operation of the biocathodes. Acetate was the only product detected after inhibition of the methanogens. Microbial community analysis showed that Geobacter sp. dominated the bioanodes. On the biocathodes, the Geobacter sp. was succeeded by Methanobacterium spp., which made up more than 80% of the population. After inhibition of the methanogens, Acetobacterium sp. became dominant on the electrodes (40% relative abundance). The results suggested that bioelectrochemically generated H 2 acted as an electron donor for CO 2 reduction. IMPORTANCE In microbial electrochemical systems, living microorganisms function as catalysts for reactions on the anode and/or the cathode. There is a variety of potential applications, ranging from wastewater treatment and biogas generation to production of chemicals. Systems with biocathodes could be used to reduce CO 2 to methane, acetate, or other high-value chemicals. The technique can be used to convert solar energy to chemicals. However, enriching biocathodes that are capable of CO 2 reduction is more difficult and less studied than enriching bioanodes. The effect of different start-up strategies and electrode materials on the microbial communities that are enriched on biocathodes has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate two different start-up strategies and three different electrode materials for start-up and long-term operation of biocathodes capable of reducing CO 2 to valuable biochemicals.

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