scholarly journals A New Sensitive Bioassay for Determination of Microbially Available Phosphorus in Water

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2032-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku J. Lehtola ◽  
Ilkka T. Miettinen ◽  
Terttu Vartiainen ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Sensitive Method

ABSTRACT The content of assimilable organic carbon has been proposed to control the growth of microbes in drinking water. However, recent results have shown that there are regions where it is predominantly phosphorus which determines the extent of microbial growth in drinking waters. Even a very low concentration of phosphorus (below 1 μg of P liter−1) can promote extensive microbial growth. We present here a new sensitive method to determine microbially available phosphorus concentrations in water down to 0.08 μg of P liter−1. The method is a bioassay in which the analysis of phosphorus in a water sample is based on maximum growth ofPseudomonas fluorescens P17 when the energy supply and inorganic nutrients, with the exception of phosphorus, do not limit bacterial growth. Maximum growth (CFU) in the water sample is related to the concentration of phosphorus with the factor 373,200 ± 9,400 CFU/μg of PO4-P. A linear relationship was found between cell growth and phosphorus concentration between 0.05 to 10 μg of PO4-P liter−1. The content of microbially available phosphorus in Finnish drinking waters varied from 0.1 to 10.2 μg of P liter−1 (median, 0.60 μg of P liter−1).

Biofilm formation in drinking water affected by low concentrations of phosphorus

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku J Lehtola ◽  
Ilkka T Miettinen ◽  
Pertti J Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

There are geographical regions where microbial growth in drinking waters is limited by phosphorus instead of organic carbon. In these drinking waters even a low amount of phosphorus can strongly enhance microbial growth. The formation of biofilm can be limited by low availability of phosphorus in drinking waters with low content of phosphorus. The formation of biofilms on polyvinyl chloride plates was studied in laboratory experiments with water containing 48 μg/L assimilable organic carbon and 0.19 μg/L microbially available phosphorus. We found that low additions of phosphate (1–5 μg/L PO43–-P) to water increased microbial growth in the water and in the biofilm. The effect of phosphorus on microbial growth could be detected by determining either the microbial cell production or the content of ATP in biofilms. Also, in steady-state biofilms, microbial concentrations were higher with phosphorus addition as enumerated by heterotrophic plate counts on R2A-agar and acridine orange direct counting. This work confirms the earlier findings of the importance of phosphorus for microbial growth in humic-rich drinking waters.Key words: biofilm, drinking water, microbes, phosphorus.

Determination of assimilable organic carbon in humus-rich drinking waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka T Miettinen ◽  
Terttu Vartiainen ◽  
Pertti J Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Waters

Variation of dissolved organic matter and microbial regrowth potential through drinking water treatment processes

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-G. Kang ◽  
Y.-H. Ku ◽  
Y.-K. Cho ◽  
M.-J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
Microbial Regrowth

We investigated how various water treatment processes affect AOC (assimilable organic carbon) and MAP (microbially available phosphorus), which nutrient limits microbial growth between organic carbon and phosphorus, and what extent AOC is related to the MW fractions of NOM for raw waters of the Han River and process waters of two water treatment plants in Korea. In view of our results so far achieved, a significant difference was observed between MAP and MAP-P (potential MAP), while little difference was observed between AOC and AOC-P (potential AOC) for raw and pre-chlorinated waters, suggesting that organic carbon limits microbial growth instead of phosphorus. Conventional treatment processes poorly removed AOC-P (42.8%), since the AOC, which was mainly related to the small-molecular DOC, was hardly removed by conventional processes. Oxidants such as chlorine and ozone increased both of the AOC (AOC-P) and MAP (MAP-P), particularly ozone having the stronger oxidation power resulted in a larger increase. However, BAC and GAC removed AOC to less than 60 μg/L which meets the level for biological stability.

Microbial growth and assimilable organic carbon in finnish drinking waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Miettinen ◽  
T. Vartiainen ◽  
P. J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Production Activity

The amount of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and bacterial regrowth was studied in drinking waters from seven Finnish surface and groundwater works. Bacterial regrowth in drinking waters was studied by in vitro laboratory incubation tests and by enumerating the microbes in distribution networks. Bacterial numbers were counted as heterotrophic viable counts and as total direct counts (AODC). The bacterial production activity was studied as 3H-thymidine uptake. AOC, measured with a bioassay was 390±130mg/l and 170±60mg/l in drinking waters produced from surface waters and from groundwaters respectively. The content of AOC was slightly reduced in distribution pipelines of groundwater works whereas in the distribution pipelines of surface water works it was reduced by 40%. Bacterial regrowth occurred in all drinking waters. Surprisingly, the heterotrophic regrowth was greater in drinking waters produced from groundwaters than in those produced from surface waters. AOC levels correlated poorly with the in vitro bacterial growth tests and with occurrence of bacteria in distribution networks.

Alcohol Determination by HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization Based on the Thiosulfate-catalyzed Reaction of Alcohols and Cerium(IV) and Fluorescence Detection of Cerium(III)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikko Mikami ◽  
Eri Shibayama ◽  
Kengo Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Optimum Detection ◽  
Postcolumn Derivatization ◽  
Sensitive Method

Background: Determination of a reducing substance based on the reaction between Ce(IV) and a reducing substance and fluorescence detection of Ce(III) generated has been reported as a selective and sensitive method. However, this method could not be applied to the determination of alcohol due to the low reaction rate of alcohol and Ce(IV). Objective: We found that thiosulfate catalytically enhanced reaction of alcohols (such as, methanol, ethanol, and propanol) and Ce(IV). Utilizing this effect, we developed a new method for the determination of alcohols. Results: In the presence of thiosulfate, an increase in fluorescence intensity was detected by injecting alcohol at concentrations of several millimolar, whereas it was not observed even at the concentration of 10% v/v (2 M for ethanol) in the absence of thiosulfate. The optimum detection conditions were determined to be 4.0 mM Ce(IV) sulfate and 0.50 mM thiosulfate, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) of ethanol under these conditions was 1 mM. In the calibration curves, changes in the slope were observed when the alcohol concentrations were approximately 10–25 mM. Using a thiosulfate solution containing ethanol as the reaction solution, a calibration curve without any change in slope was obtained, although the concentration of ethanol at the detection limit increased. The alcohols in the liquor and fuel were successfully analyzed using the proposed detection method as a postcolumn reaction. Conclusion: This new alcohol detection method using a versatile fluorescence detector can be applied to the postcolumn reaction of HPLC omitting need of time-consuming pretreatment processes.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Recycled Biogas Digestates as Phosphorus Fertilizers for Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Inga-Mareike Bach ◽  
Lisa Essich ◽  
Torsten Müller
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Phosphorus Recycling ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

Despite phosphorus resources on Earth being limited, over fertilization in many agricultural situations causes significant resource consumption. Phosphorus-recycling within agricultural production can reduce global dilution into the environment and is thus essential to secure sustainable future supply. This study investigated the fertilization efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers recycled from biogas digestates in maize shoots grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, in two soils, in a pot experiment. Variables investigated were plant-available phosphorus in soil, plant biomass production, and concentration of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in shoots. Soils were treated with three different fertilizer fractions, separated from biogas digestates, at equivalent phosphorus concentrations, using different combinations and application techniques, isolated or in combination, and compared to triple superphosphate (TSP) as a reference. One of the fractions (P-Salt) had effects on biomass production and plant phosphorus concentration equivalent to TSP in agricultural surface soil. In the second soil (with less active soil life and nutrient content), equivalence to TSP was achieved with combinations of two recycled fractions (P-Salt and dried solids). The enhancement of the phosphorus fertilizing effect by the solids was synergistic, indicating that the solids had a soil conditioning effect. The results show that biogas digestates are a valuable source for phosphorus recycling of fractions that have equivalent or even superior fertilizing properties compared to TSP.

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