scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from a High-Prevalence Dairy Farm

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 5893-5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica K. Borucki ◽  
Clive C. Gay ◽  
James Reynolds ◽  
Katherine L. McElwain ◽  
So Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a significant food-borne human and veterinary pathogen. Contaminated silage commonly leads to disease in livestock, but the pervasive nature of the bacterium can make it difficult to identify the source of infection. An investigation of bovine listeriosis that occurred on a Pacific Northwest dairy farm (“farm A”) revealed that the clinical strain was closely related to fecal strains from asymptomatic cows, and that farm environment was heavily contaminated with a diversity of L. monocytogenes strains. In addition, the farm A clinical strain was closely related to clinical and environmental strains obtained 1 year prior from a second Northwest dairy farm (“farm B”). To investigate the source(s) of contamination on farm A, environmental samples were collected from farm A at two time points. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis characterization of 538 isolates obtained from that farm identified 57 different AscI pulsovars. Fecal isolates obtained from individual cows were the most genetically diverse, with up to 94% of fecal samples containing more than one pulsovar. The maximum numbers of pulsovars and serotypes isolated from a fecal sample of one cow were 6 and 4, respectively. Serotype 1/2a was isolated most frequently at both time points. Microarray genotyping of bovine listeriosis, fecal, and silage strains from both farms identified four probes that differentiated listeriosis strains from environmental strains; however, no probe was common to both bovine listeriosis strains.

scholarly journals Conservation of Genomic Localization and Sequence Content of Sau3AI-Like Restriction-Modification Gene Cassettes among Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic Clone I and Selected Strains of Serotype 1/2a

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 5577-5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yildirim ◽  
Driss Elhanafi ◽  
Wen Lin ◽  
Anthony D. Hitchins ◽  
Robin M. Siletzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Epidemic Clone ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Clonal Population Structure ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenesis a food-borne pathogen with a clonal population structure and apparently limited gene flow between strains of different lineages. Strains of epidemic clone I (ECI) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks and invariably have DNA that is resistant to digestion by Sau3AI, suggesting methylation of cytosine at GATC sites. A putative restriction-modification (RM) gene cassette has been identified in the genome of the ECI strain F2365 and all other tested ECI strains but is absent from other strains of the same serotype (4b). Homologous RM cassettes have not been reported amongL. monocytogenesisolates of other serotypes. Furthermore, conclusive evidence for the involvement of this RM cassette in the Sau3AI resistance phenotype of ECI strains has been lacking. In this study, we describe a highly conserved RM cassette in certain strains of serotypes 1/2a and 4a that have Sau3AI-resistant DNA. In these strains the RM cassette was in the same genomic location as in the ECI reference strain F2365. The cassette included a gene encoding a putative recombinase, suggesting insertion via site-specific recombination. Deletion of the RM cassette in the ECI strain F2365 and the serotype 1/2a strain A7 rendered the DNA of both strains susceptible to Sau3AI digestion, providing conclusive evidence that the cassette includes a gene required for methylation of cytosine at GATC sites in both strains. The findings suggest that, in addition to its presence in ECI strains, this RM cassette and the accompanying genomic DNA methylation is also encountered among selected strains of other lineages.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Strains F2365 and EGD

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Donaldson ◽  
Bindu Nanduri ◽  
Shane C. Burgess ◽  
Mark L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Flagellar Biosynthesis ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Biological Differences

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, food-borne pathogen that causes disease in both humans and animals. There are three major genetic lineages of L. monocytogenes and 13 serovars. To further our understanding of the differences that exist between different genetic lineages/serovars of L. monocytogenes, we analyzed the global protein expression of the serotype 1/2a strain EGD and the serotype 4b strain F2365 during early-stationary-phase growth at 37°C. Using multidimensional protein identification technology with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 1,754 proteins from EGD and 1,427 proteins from F2365, of which 1,077 were common to both. Analysis of proteins that had significantly altered expression between strains revealed potential biological differences between these two L. monocytogenes strains. In particular, the strains differed in expression of proteins involved in cell wall physiology and flagellar biosynthesis, as well as DNA repair proteins and stress response proteins.

scholarly journals Increased In Vitro Adherence and On-Farm Persistence of Predominant and Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains in the Milking System

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3676-3684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra A. Latorre ◽  
Jo Ann S. Van Kessel ◽  
Jeffrey S. Karns ◽  
Michael J. Zurakowski ◽  
Abani K. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
High Level ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Adherence Ability

ABSTRACTDairy farms are a reservoir forListeria monocytogenes, and the reduction of this pathogen at the farm level is important for reducing human exposure. The objectives of this research were to study the diversity ofL. monocytogenesstrains on a single dairy farm, assess strain dynamics within the farm, identify potential sources ofL. monocytogenesin bulk tank milk and milk filters, and assess the adherence abilities of representative strains. A total of 248L. monocytogenesisolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Combined AscI and ApaI restriction analysis yielded 40 PFGE types (strains). The most predominant strains were T (28.6%), D (22.6%), and F (14.9%). A high level of heterogeneity of strains among isolates from fecal (Simpson's index of diversity [SID] = 0.96) and environmental (SID = 0.96) samples was observed. A higher homogeneity of strains was observed among isolates from milk filters (SID = 0.71) and bulk tank milk (SID = 0.65). Six of 17L. monocytogenesisolates (35.3%) were classified in anin vitroassay as having a “low adherence ability,” 9 (52.9%) were classified as having a “medium adherence ability,” and 2 (11.8%) were classified as having a “high adherence ability.” TheL. monocytogenesstrains that were predominant and persistent showed significantly better adherence than did strains that were only sporadic, predominant, or persistent (P= 0.0006). Our results suggest that the milking system was exposed to severalL. monocytogenesstrains from different sources. Only 3 strains, however, were successful in persisting within the milking system, suggesting that some strains are more suitable to that particular ecological environment than others.

scholarly journals Distribution of serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes in chicken meats in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
S. SAHIN ◽  
R. KALIN ◽  
MN MOGULKOC
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Food Borne Infections

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the important causes of food-borne infections. This study was conducted to determine the presence of L. monocytogenes and its serotype distribution in a total of 400 packaged chicken meat products (drumstick, breast, wing, and whole chicken) from different national companies. L. monocytogenes contamination was detected in 26.5% (106 in 400) of all samples when the products considered, drumsticks, breasts, wings, and whole chickens showed 47%, 15%, 35, and 9% positivity respectively. Four important serotypes of L. monocytogenes in human listeriosis (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c and 4b) were identified, and serotype 1/2a (94.3%) was determined as predominant in packaged chicken meats. The present study revealed that L. monocytogenes 1/2a serotype is prevalent in chicken meats and this may cause public health problems in Turkey. Further studies in poultry meats should be conducted on a large scale such as regional or national big markets to determine the presence of the pathogen and its dominant serotypes.

scholarly journals Monitoring chicken flock behaviour provides early warning of infection by human pathogen Campylobacter

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1822) ◽  
pp. 20152323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances M. Colles ◽  
Russell J. Cain ◽  
Thomas Nickson ◽  
Adrian L. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

Campylobacter is the commonest bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infection in humans, and chicken meat is the major source of infection throughout the world. Strict and expensive on-farm biosecurity measures have been largely unsuccessful in controlling infection and are hampered by the time needed to analyse faecal samples, with the result that Campylobacter status is often known only after a flock has been processed. Our data demonstrate an alternative approach that monitors the behaviour of live chickens with cameras and analyses the ‘optical flow’ patterns made by flock movements. Campylobacter -free chicken flocks have higher mean and lower kurtosis of optical flow than those testing positive for Campylobacter by microbiological methods. We show that by monitoring behaviour in this way, flocks likely to become positive can be identified within the first 7–10 days of life, much earlier than conventional on-farm microbiological methods. This early warning has the potential to lead to a more targeted approach to Campylobacter control and also provides new insights into possible sources of infection that could transform the control of this globally important food-borne pathogen.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes Subtypes in Bulk Milk of the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1413-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAYNE MURAOKA ◽  
CLIVE GAY ◽  
DONALD KNOWLES ◽  
MONICA BORUCKI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
The Pacific

The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk milk from three Pacific Northwest states was assessed for 474 herds at three time points. For samples collected in November 2000 and June 2001, the L. monocytogenes prevalence levels were 4.9 and 7.0%, respectively. All isolates were subtyped by serotyping and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Forty-nine of the 55 isolates belonged to serogroup 1/2a, while 6 belonged to serogroup 4. Subtyping by PFGE revealed that isolates from 31 herds shared 10 patterns; there was a weak but significant association between PFGE subtype and geographical distance. Six herds were positive for L. monocytogenes at both time points. Of these six herds, four had indistinguishable PFGE patterns at both time points. Twenty-five of the 33 herds that were positive in June 2001 were sampled again in June 2002. L. monocytogenes was recovered from 17 of these 25 herds (68%), with the ApaI restriction enzyme digestion profiles (REDP) for 8 herds being identical to those of isolates recovered from these herds the previous year. The ApaI REDP for the bulk milk isolates were compared with those for isolates recovered from environmental and human samples that were collected by the Washington Department of Health (n = 23). Analysis of ApaI digestion profiles revealed that only two of the Washington Department of Health isolates had digestion profiles similar to those for isolates from bulk milk; however, further analysis with the use of a second enzyme (AscI) was capable of discriminating between isolates from the two sources. Thus, we found no direct REDP matches between bulk milk and clinical isolates.

scholarly journals Ongoing outbreak of invasive listeriosis due to serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes, Ancona province, Italy, January 2015 to February 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Marini ◽  
Gloria Magi ◽  
Chiara Vincenzi ◽  
Esther Manso ◽  
Bruna Facinelli
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Clonal Relationship ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Serotype 1

In the first seven weeks of 2016, five serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from patients with invasive listeriosis in Ancona province in Italy. These strains and six 1/2a isolates identified in 2015 in the same area were typed by ERIC-PCR and PFGE. A clonal relationship, documented between the two sets of isolates, suggested a listeriosis outbreak in Ancona that started most probably in 2015. Investigation into the source of infection is still ongoing.

scholarly journals Ability of the Listeria monocytogenes Strain Scott A To Cause Systemic Infection in Mice Infected by the Intragastric Route

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2893-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Czuprynski ◽  
Nancy G. Faith ◽  
Howard Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B ◽  
Prior Administration

ABSTRACT Listeriosis is an important food-borne disease that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. For reasons that are not clear, most large outbreaks of human listeriosis involve Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b. Relatively little is known about the pathogenesis of listeriosis following gastrointestinal exposure to food-borne disease isolates of L. monocytogenes. In the present study, we investigated the pathogenesis of systemic infection by the food-borne isolate Scott A in an intragastric (i.g.) mouse challenge model. We found that the severity of infection with L. monocytogenes Scott A was increased in mice made neutropenic by administration of monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5. This observation was similar to a previous report on a study with the laboratory strain L. monocytogenes EGD. Prior administration of sodium bicarbonate did not enhance the virulence of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A for i.g. inoculated mice. Following i.g. inoculation of mice, two serotype 4b strains of L. monocytogenes (Scott A and 101M) achieved a greater bacterial burden in the spleen and liver and elicited more severe histopathological damage to those organs than did a serotype 1/2a strain (EGD) and a serotype 1/2b stain (CM). Of the four strains tested, only strain CM exhibited poor survival in synthetic gastric fluid in vitro. The other three strains exhibited similar patterns of survival at pHs of greater than 5 and relatively rapid (<30 min) loss of viability at pHs of less than 5.0. Growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A at temperatures of 12.5 to 37°C did not affect its ability to cause systemic infection in i.g. inoculated mice. These observations suggest that the serotype 4b L. monocytogenes strains Scott A and 101M possess one or more virulence determinants that make them better able to cause systemic infection following inoculation via the g.i. tract than do the serotype 1/2 strains EGD and CM.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Flagella Are Used for Motility, Not as Adhesins, To Increase Host Cell Invasion

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 6675-6681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather S. O'Neil ◽  
Hélène Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Host Cell Invasion ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Epithelial Cell Invasion

ABSTRACT Flagellar structures contribute to the virulence of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens either as the effectors of motility, as adhesins, or as a secretion apparatus for virulence factors. Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, gram-positive pathogen that uses flagella to increase the efficiency of epithelial cell invasion (A. Bigot, H. Pagniez, E. Botton, C. Frehel, I. Dubail, C. Jacquet, A. Charbit, and C. Raynaud, Infect. Immun. 73:5530-5539, 2005; L. Dons, E. Eriksson, Y. Jin, M. E. Rottenberg, K. Kristensson, C. N. Larsen, J. Bresciani, and J. E. Olsen, Infect. Immun. 72:3237-3244, 2004). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which flagella contribute to L. monocytogenes invasion. To examine the role of flagella as adhesins, invasion and adhesion assays were performed with flagellated motile and nonmotile bacteria and nonflagellated bacteria. We observed that flagellated but nonmotile bacteria do not adhere to or invade human epithelial cells more efficiently than nonflagellated bacteria. These results indicated that flagella do not function as adhesins to enhance the adhesion of L. monocytogenes to targeted host cells. Instead, it appears that motility is important for tissue culture invasion. Furthermore, we tested whether motility contributes to early colonization of the gastrointestinal tract using a competitive index assay in which mice were infected orally with motile and nonmotile bacteria in a 1:1 ratio. Differential bacterial counts demonstrated that motile bacteria outcompete nonmotile bacteria in the colonization of the intestines at early time points postinfection. This difference is also reflected in invasion of the liver 12 h later, suggesting that flagellum-mediated motility enhances L. monocytogenes infectivity soon after bacterial ingestion in vivo.

scholarly journals Outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis caused by Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a in sliced cold beef ham, Italy, May 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maurella ◽  
Silvia Gallina ◽  
Giuseppe Ru ◽  
Daniela Adriano ◽  
Alberto Bellio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Gastroenteritis Outbreak ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The People ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serotype 1

In May 2016, two separate clusters of febrile gastroenteritis caused by Listeria monocytogenes were detected by the local health authority in Piedmont, in northern Italy. We carried out epidemiological, microbiological and traceback investigations to identify the source. The people affected were students and staff members from two different schools in two different villages located in the Province of Turin; five of them were hospitalised. The epidemiological investigation identified a cooked beef ham served at the school canteens as the source of the food-borne outbreak. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the food, the stools of the hospitalised pupils and the environment of the factory producing the cooked beef ham. All isolates except one were serotype 1/2a, shared an indistinguishable PFGE pattern and were 100% identical by whole genome sequencing (WGS). By combining a classical epidemiological approach with both molecular subtyping and WGS techniques, we were able to identify and confirm a Listeria gastroenteritis outbreak associated with consumption of sliced cold beef ham.

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