scholarly journals Complicated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Jacobsen ◽  
D. J. Stickler ◽  
H. L. T. Mobley ◽  
M. E. Shirtliff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARY Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent the most common type of nosocomial infection and are a major health concern due to the complications and frequent recurrence. These infections are often caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Gram-negative bacterial species that cause CAUTIs express a number of virulence factors associated with adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, immunoavoidance, and nutrient acquisition as well as factors that cause damage to the host. These infections can be reduced by limiting catheter usage and ensuring that health care professionals correctly use closed-system Foley catheters. A number of novel approaches such as condom and suprapubic catheters, intermittent catheterization, new surfaces, catheters with antimicrobial agents, and probiotics have thus far met with limited success. While the diagnosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic CAUTIs may be a contentious issue, it is generally agreed that once a catheterized patient is believed to have a symptomatic urinary tract infection, the catheter is removed if possible due to the high rate of relapse. Research focusing on the pathogenesis of CAUTIs will lead to a better understanding of the disease process and will subsequently lead to the development of new diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options.

scholarly journals High Rate of Per Oral Mecillinam Treatment Failure in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Søraas ◽  
Arnfinn Sundsfjord ◽  
Silje Bakken Jørgensen ◽  
Knut Liestøl ◽  
Pål A. Jenum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Per Oral

Chlorpromazine-impregnated catheters as a potential strategy to control biofilm-associated urinary tract infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
José JC Sidrim ◽  
Bruno R Amando ◽  
Francisco IF Gomes ◽  
Marilia SMG do Amaral ◽  
Paulo CP de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim: This study proposes the impregnation of Foley catheters with chlorpromazine (CPZ) to control biofilm formation by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials & methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for CPZ and the effect of CPZ on biofilm formation were assessed. Afterward, biofilm formation and the effect of ciprofloxacin and meropenem (at MIC) on mature biofilms grown on CPZ-impregnated catheters were evaluated. Results: CPZ MIC range was 39.06–625 mg/l. CPZ significantly reduced (p < 0.05) biofilm formation in vitro and on impregnated catheters. In addition, CPZ-impregnation potentiated the antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Conclusion: These findings bring perspectives for the use of CPZ as an adjuvant for preventing and treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Region in India Where Urinary Tract Infections Are Endemic: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Sequence Type 131 Isolates of the CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Lineage

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6358-6365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Hussain ◽  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Nishant Nandanwar ◽  
Sebastian Guenther ◽  
Savita Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTEscherichia colisequence type 131 (O25b:H4), associated with the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and linked predominantly to the community-onset antimicrobial-resistant infections, has globally emerged as a public health concern. However, scant attention is given to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these strains in high-burden countries such as India. Of the 100 clinicalE. coliisolates obtained by us from a setting where urinary tract infections are endemic, 16 ST131E. coliisolates were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Further, genotyping and phenotyping methods were employed to characterize their virulence and drug resistance patterns. All the 16 ST131 isolates harbored the CTX-M-15 gene, and half of them also carried TEM-1; 11 of these were positive forblaOXAgroups 1 and 12 foraac(6′)-Ib-cr. At least 12 isolates were refractory to four non-beta-lactam antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Nine isolates carried the class 1 integron. Plasmid analysis indicated a large pool of up to six plasmids per strain with a mean of approximately three plasmids. Conjugation and PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) revealed that the spread of resistance was associated with the FIA incompatibility group of plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and genotyping of the virulence genes showed a low level of diversity among these strains. The association of ESBL-encoding plasmid with virulence was demonstrated in transconjugants by serum assay. None of the 16 ST131 ESBL-producingE. colistrains were known to synthesize carbapenemase enzymes. In conclusion, our study reports a snapshot of the highly virulent/multiresistant clone ST131 of uropathogenicE. colifrom India. This study suggests that the ST131 genotypes from this region are clonally evolved and are strongly associated with the CTX-M-15 enzyme, carry a high antibiotic resistance background, and have emerged as an important cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Trends in Escherichia coli bloodstream infection, urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibilities in Oxfordshire, 1998-2016: an observational study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina-Doris Vihta ◽  
Nicole Stoesser ◽  
Martin J Llewelyn ◽  
Phuong T Quan ◽  
Timothy Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The incidence of Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (EC-BSIs), particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains, is increasing in the UK and internationally. This is a major public health concern but the evidence base to guide interventions is limited. Methods: Incidence of EC-BSIs and E. coli urinary tract infections (EC-UTIs) in one UK region (Oxfordshire) were estimated from anonymised linked microbiological and hospital electronic health records, and modelled using negative binomial regression based on microbiological, clinical and healthcare exposure risk factors. Infection severity, 30-day all-cause mortality, and community and hospital co-amoxiclav use were also investigated. Findings: From 1998-2016, 5706 EC-BSIs occurred in 5215 patients, and 228376 EC-UTIs in 137075 patients. 1365(24%) EC-BSIs were nosocomial (onset >48h post-admission), 1863(33%) were community (>365 days post-discharge), 1346(24%) were quasi-community (31-365 days post-discharge), and 1132(20%) were quasi-nosocomial (<=30 days post-discharge). 1413(20%) EC-BSIs and 36270(13%) EC-UTIs were co-amoxiclav-resistant (41% and 30%, respectively, in 2016). Increases in EC-BSIs were driven by increases in community (10%/year (95% CI:7%-13%)) and quasi-community (8%/year (95% CI:7%-10%)) cases. Changes in EC-BSI-associated 30-day mortality were at most modest (p>0.03), and mortality was substantial (14-25% across groups). By contrast, co-amoxiclav-resistant EC-BSIs increased in all groups (by 11%-19%/year, significantly faster than susceptible EC-BSIs, pheterogeneity<0.001), as did co-amoxiclav-resistant EC-UTIs (by 13%-29%/year, pheterogeneity<0.001). Co-amoxiclav use in primary-care facilities was associated with subsequent co-amoxiclav-resistant EC-UTIs (p=0.03) and all EC-UTIs (p=0.002). Interpretation: Current increases in EC-BSIs in Oxfordshire are primarily community-associated, with high rates of co-amoxiclav resistance, nevertheless not impacting mortality. Interventions should target primary-care facilities with high co-amoxiclav usage. Funding: National Institute for Health Research.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity profile of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains at the China-Guinea Friendship Hospital of Kipé in Conakry (Guinea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 075-085
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Makanéra ◽  
Talibi Camara ◽  
Amadou Sadjo Diallo ◽  
Rabouan Mohamed Chamassi ◽  
Mariam Condé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Automated System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Friendship Hospital ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main bacterial species associated with urinary tract infections. Nowadays, this bacterium is becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profiles of all strains of E. coli isolated from urine during the period from September 1st, 2018 to March 13th, 2019 at the Biomedical Laboratory of the China-Guinea Friendship Hospital of Kipé in Conakry. Materiel and Methods: Cultures were done on different agar media. Bacterial identification, antibiograms and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed on the Vitek 2 Compact 15 automated system. Results: A total of 66 strains of E. coli have been isolated from patients of both sexes. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.43. The mean age of the patients was 50.83 years. The majority of strains were sensitive to imipenem (96.96%), amikacin (96.96%), ertapenem (94.73%), gentamicin (69.23%), tobramycin (60, 60%), cefoxitin (64.28%), cefotaxime (62.50%), piperacillin/tazobactam (77.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (50.00%) and nitrofurantoin (87%). In contrast, the majority of strains were resistant to ampicillin (81.81%), cefalotin (62.02%), ticarcillin (88.00%), nalidixic acid (82.75%), ciprofloxacin (56.06%), ofloxacin (56.00%) and combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (83.60%), sometimes with high MICs. Conclusion: Our results show that urinary tract infections due to E. coli are more frequently observed in females than in males. Some of these strains studied exhibited multidrug resistance profiles to antibiotics. Among the classes of antibiotics tested, carbapenemes, nitrofurans, aminoglycosides, appear to be more active on E. coli uropathogenes in Guinea.

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