scholarly journals Seropositivity for Antibodies to DRS-G, a Virulence Factor from Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poststreptococcus Glomerulonephritis and Chronic Kidney Disease in Mumbai, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 938-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouri P. Hule ◽  
Mohan G. Karmarkar ◽  
Ainslie Cameron ◽  
Niwrutti Hase ◽  
Uday Khopkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Esrd Patients

ABSTRACTThe disease spectrum caused byStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisresembles that ofS. pyogenes(group A streptococcus [GAS]). These two bacterial species are closely related and possess many common virulence characteristics. While some GAS strains express virulence factors called streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) and distantly related to SIC (DRS), someS. dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisisolates express an orthologue of DRS, which is referred to as DRS-G. We reported previously that seropositivity for either anti-SIC or anti-DRS antibodies (Abs) is associated with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). However, only seropositivity for anti-SIC Abs is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We now extend the study to test whether seropositivity for anti-DRS-G Abs is also associated with these renal diseases. Stored serum samples collected for our previous study were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Abs to DRS-G. The samples represented sera from 100 CKD adult patients, 70 adult end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, 25 PSGN pediatric patients, and corresponding age-matched control subjects. The proportion of PSGN, CKD, and ESRD patients who showed seroreaction to anti-DRS-G Abs was significantly higher than that of the corresponding age-matched controls, who in general exhibited seropositivity rates commensurate with the isolation rate ofdrsG-positiveS. dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisin the community during this study period. Since higher rates of seropositivity for anti-DRS-G Abs in the renal disease categories are resultant of previous infections with DRS-G-positiveS. dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisstrains, we conclude the seropositivity is an additional risk factor for these renal diseases. In this regard, anti-DRS-G Abs have attributes similar to those of the anti-SIC Abs.

Specific diseases: renal disease

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2670-2673
Author(s):  
Susanna Price
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Potential Methods

Chronic kidney disease is a global health burden, with an estimated prevalence of 11–13%, with the majority of patients diagnosed as stage 3, and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing, and estimated to be present in one in five acute hospital admissions, and there is a bidirectional relationship between acute and chronic kidney disease. The relevance to the patient with cardiovascular disease relates to increased perioperative risk, as reduced kidney function is an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, and progression of heart failure. Furthermore, patients undergoing cardiovascular investigations are at risk of developing acute kidney injury, in particular where iodinated contrast is administered. This chapter reviews the classification of renal disease and its impact on cardiovascular disease, as well as potential methods for reducing the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Proteinuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Lauren Copeland ◽  
Keith Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Progression Of Renal Disease

Measurement of urinary protein is an essential part of the evaluation of chronic kidney disease; it has both diagnostic and prognostic significance. Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for progression of renal disease, but is also independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Despite its far-reaching implications, the definition, diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria can cause confusion in primary care. Early detection of proteinuria in the context of diabetes or otherwise is vital given the potential for intervention to reduce urinary protein losses and improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes. This article will focus on the definition, potential causes and management of proteinuria, including which individuals should be referred to secondary care.

scholarly journals The Enormity of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria: The Situation in a Teaching Hospital in South-East Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma I. Ulasi ◽  
Chinwuba K. Ijoma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Esrd Patients

Background. The magnitude of the problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is enormous, and the prevalence keeps rising. To highlight the burden of CKD in developing countries, the authors looked at end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, South-East Nigeria.Method. ESRD patients seen from 01/05/1990 to 31/12/2003 were recruited. Records from A&E Department, medical-out-patients, wards and dialysis unit were used.Results. A total of 1001 male versus 537 female patients were reviewed. About 593 male versus 315 female patients had haemodialysis. The mean age was years and 86.5% were <60 years. Primary renal disease could not be determined in 51.6% while hypertension and glomerulonephritis accounted for −17.2% and 14.6%, respectively. Death from renal causes constituted 22.03% of medical deaths.Conclusion. The prognosis for CKD patients in Nigeria is abysmal. Only few patients had renal-replacement-therapy (RRT). The prohibitive cost precludes many patients. This underscores the need for preventive measures to reduce the impact of CKD in the society.

scholarly journals VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS NA UTILIZAÇÃO DO QUESTIONÁRIO SCORED PARA TRIAGEM DE DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA EM PACIENTES NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Benichel Bilancieri ◽  
Gabriela Beck Dos Santos ◽  
Letícia Umetsu Yaginuma ◽  
Eliazar Da Silva Santos Júnior ◽  
Eliane Cardozo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases

Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um grave problema de saúde pública, com alta prevalência, de 3 a 6 milhões de brasileiros, e mortalidade, de 15,7 por 100 mil ao ano. O rastreamento precoce em pacientes com comorbidades que predispõem à DRC, é infrequente no sistema único de saúde, resultando no diagnóstico tardio e prejuízos ao paciente. Pretendendo rastrear a DRC em fase inicial, foi elaborado o questionário SCORED, do inglês Screening for Occult Renal Disease. Constituído por 11 perguntas referentes a dados demográficos e clínicos, com pontuação de 0 a 12, sendo considerado paciente de alto risco para desenvolvimento de DRC aqueles com pontuação maior ou igual a 4. Objetivo: O presente estudo busca levantar as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização do questionário SCORED em pacientes da atenção primária à saúde. Materiais e métodos: Revisão baseada em artigos publicados no período de 2007 a 2021, nas plataformas LILACS e PubMed, a partir dos termos “Screening for Occult Renal Diseases” (15 e 5 artigos, respectivamente) e “SCORED and chronic kidney disease” (10 e 8 artigos, respectivamente). Posteriormente, foram excluídos os artigos incoerentes com o tema proposto e selecionados 9 trabalhos para a composição da revisão de literatura. Resultados: O método SCORED proporciona benefícios ao paciente, melhorando a qualidade de vida, acesso facilitado a medicamentos de alto custo e redução da mortalidade. A fácil aplicabilidade em contextos de assistência à saúde, meios de comunicação e a autoaplicação, somado ao baixo-custo, podem auxiliar a reduzir os gastos com tratamentos e terapia renal substitutiva. Todavia, o SCORED limita os fatores envolvidos na gênese da DRC, e considera o histórico médico autorrelatado, gerando alta sensibilidade e baixa especificidade. Ademais, necessita de confirmação por dosagem de creatinina sérica e taxa de filtração glomerular, que em idosos pode ser reduzida, devido ao declínio fisiológico. Conclusão: O questionário auxilia no diagnóstico precoce de DRC, sendo de fácil aplicação e custos baixos. Apesar disso, deve-se realizar o atendimento médico completo e exames complementares. Portanto, deve-se conscientizar que esse método de triagem carece de rastreio de outros quadros, como a doença renal policística autossômica dominante e glomerulonefrite.

scholarly journals Connexin 43: a New Therapeutic Target Against Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 998-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Prakoura ◽  
Panagiotis Kavvadas ◽  
Christos E.  Chadjichristos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Renal Diseases

Chronic kidney disease is an incurable to date pathology with a continuously growing incidence that contributes to the increase of the number of deaths worldwide. With currently no efficient prognostic or therapeutic options being available, the only possibility for treatment of end-stage renal disease is renal replacement therapy through dialysis or transplantation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms participating in the progression of renal diseases and uncovering the pathways implicated will permit the identification of novel and more efficient targets of therapy. Connexin43 was recently identified as a novel player in the development of chronic kidney disease. It was found de novo expressed and/or differentially localized in various renal cell populations during progression of renal disease, indicating an abnormal connexin signaling, both in patients and animal models. Subsequent in vivo studies demonstrated that connexin43 is involved in mediating inflammatory and fibrotic processes contributing to renal damage. Genetic, pharmaco-genetic or peptide-based inhibition of connexin43 in animal models and cell culture systems was successful in preventing the progression of the pathology and preserving the cell phenotypes. This review will summarize the recent advances on connexin43 in the field of kidney diseases and discuss the potential of future connexin43-based therapies against chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Deprivation and kidney disease—a predictor of poor outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Greg D Guthrie ◽  
Samira Bell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract There is a growing body of evidence for the role of deprivation in a broad spectrum of diseases including renal disease. Deprivation has been demonstrated to be associated with poorer outcomes across a range of renal diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease and transplantation. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Hounkpatin et al. describe the association of socioeconomic deprivation with incidence, mortality and resolution of AKI in a large UK cohort. Investigating deprivation as a factor influencing either incidence or outcome of disease is challenging due to variations in measures of deprivation used and other confounding factors that may be contributing to the observed differences. In this editorial, we review the current literature examining the role of deprivation in renal disease.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kadar Asam Urat pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 yang Belum Menjalani Hemodialisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inri N.R.I. Mantiri ◽  
Glady I. Rambert ◽  
Mayer F. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Food Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract: Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism derived from metabolism in the body and from outside the body (food source). Hyperuricemia is a condition of uric acid level above normal (3.5-7 mg/dL in males and 2.6-6 mg/dL in females). Hyperuricemia due to renal diseases is a risk factor of the progressivity of the disease. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of uric acid level in patients with stage 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was a descriptive observational study. Samples were 35 blood samples of in-patients and out-patients with stage 5 non-dialysis CKD at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital and Advent Hospital Manado during Deember 2015 to January 2016. The laboratory test showed that 80% of patients had increased uric acid levels >7 mg/dL. Conclusion: Most patients with stage 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease had increased uric acid levels.Keywords: uric acid, stage 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease Abstrak: Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolism purin yang berasal dari baik dari metabolism dalam tubuh dan berasal dari luar tubuh (makanan). Hiperurisemia adalah keadaan dimana kadar asam urat darah di atas nilai normal (3,5-7 mg/dL pada pria dan 2,6-6 mg/dL pada wanita). Hiperuresemia yang disebabkan oleh penyakit ginjal dianggap sebagai factor risiko progresivitas penyakit ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar asam urat pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian ialah sampel darah dari semua pasien rawat jalan maupun rawat inap yang menderita penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis dalam kurun waktu Desember 2015-Januari 2016 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou dan RS Advent Manado. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dari 35 pasien yang terdiagnosis penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar asam urat >7 mg/dL pada 80% sampel. Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kadar asam urat pada sebagian besar pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non-dialisis.Kata kunci: asam urat, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis

The Continuum of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnish Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing renal replacement therapy have a high mortality rate and suffer from considerable morbidity. Degree of nutritional decline, disordered mineral metabolism, and vascular calcification are some of the abnormalities that predict an adverse outcome for ESRD patients. All these abnormalities begin early during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD), long before the need for maintenance dialysis. Thus, CKD represents a continuum of metabolic and vascular abnormalities. Treatment of these abnormalities early during the course of CKD and a timely initiation of dialysis have the potential of improving patient outcomes. However, the thesis that successful management of these abnormalities will favorably modify the outcomes of dialysis patients remains untested. The proportion of incident USA ESRD patients starting chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) has historically been low. Limited physician training and inadequate predialysis patient education appear to underlie the low CPD take-on in the USA. Furthermore, two key changes have occurred in the USA: steep decline in CPD take-on and progressive increase in the use of automated peritoneal dialysis. The decline in CPD take-on has afflicted virtually every subgroup examined and has occurred, paradoxically, when the CPD outcomes in the country have improved. Understanding the reasons for historically low CPD take-on and recent steep declines in utilization may allow the development of plans to reverse these trends.

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