scholarly journals Characterization of Protective Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Elicited by Pneumococcal Surface Protein PspA and PspC Nasal Vaccines against a Respiratory Pneumococcal Challenge in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ferreira ◽  
M. Darrieux ◽  
D. A. Silva ◽  
L. C. C. Leite ◽  
J. M. C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Pneumococcal Strain ◽  
Mucosal Vaccines ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and PspC are virulence factors that are involved in the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to epithelial cells and/or evasion from the immune system. Here, the immune responses induced by mucosal vaccines composed of both antigens as recombinant proteins or delivered by Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. None of the PspC vaccines protected mice against an invasive challenge with pneumococcal strain ATCC 6303. On the other hand, protection was observed for immunization with vaccines composed of PspA from clade 5 (PspA5 or L. casei expressing PspA5) through the intranasal route. The protective response was distinguished by a Th1 profile with high levels of immunoglobulin G2a production, efficient complement deposition, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of neutrophils. Intranasal immunization with PspA5 elicited the highest level of protection, characterized by increased levels of secretion of interleukin-17 and gamma interferon by lung and spleen cells, respectively, and low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium-Induced Potentiation of Type 1 Immune Responses and Protection against Malaria Are Host Specific

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 8369-8380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Page ◽  
Anne E. Jedlicka ◽  
Benjamin Fakheri ◽  
Gregory S. Noland ◽  
Anup K. Kesavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
The World ◽  
Peak Parasitemia ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Malaria and tuberculosis are endemic in many regions of the world, and coinfection with the two pathogens is common. In this study, we examined the effects of long- and short-term infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the course of a lethal form of murine malaria in resistant (C57BL/6) and susceptible (BALB/c) mice. C57BL/6 mice coinfected with M. tuberculosis CDC1551 and Plasmodium yoelii 17XL had a lower peak parasitemia and increased survival compared to mice infected with P. yoelii 17XL alone. Splenic microarray analysis demonstrated potentiation of type 1 immune responses in coinfected C57BL/6 mice, which was especially prominent 5 days after infection with P. yoelii 17XL. Splenocytes from coinfected C57BL/6 mice produced higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha than splenocytes from mice infected with either pathogen alone. Interestingly, mycobacterium-induced protection against lethal P. yoelii is mouse strain specific. BALB/c mice were significantly more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to infection with P. yoelii 17XL and were not protected against lethal malaria by coinfection with M. tuberculosis. In addition, M. tuberculosis did not augment IFN-γ responses in BALB/c mice subsequently infected with P. yoelii 17XL. These data indicate that M. tuberculosis-induced potentiation of type 1 immune responses is associated with protection against lethal murine malaria.

scholarly journals ROLE OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN VITILIGO TREATMENT - CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Psoralea Corylifolia ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ammi Visnaga ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder with complex causes. Nonetheless, recent progress has been made to unravel the pathophysiology of vitiligo. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently known herbal medicine for vitiligo treatment and also highlighted the herbs that have been used in clinical trials. In view of traditional uses, herbs such as Ammi visnaga L., Angelica sinensis, Eclipta alba L, Ginkgo biloba, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth, and Psoralea corylifolia L, have been highlighted. Enormous efforts in vitiligo drug discovery are currently needed. Interleukin-17 inhibition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition, heat shock protein-70i (HSP70i) inhibition, keratinocyte turnover modulators, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulators have been discussed as promising new targets for vitiligo drug development. Thus, we strongly believe that this review may be useful for rationalize new herbal drug for vitiligo treatment.

Cloning and characterization of the tandemly arranged bovine lymphotoxin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha genes

Cytokine ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Cludts ◽  
Yvette Cleuter ◽  
Richard Kettmann ◽  
Arsène Burney ◽  
Louis Droogmans
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

scholarly journals Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 5306-5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Scharton-Kersten ◽  
Jian-mei Yu ◽  
Russell Vassell ◽  
Derek O'Hagan ◽  
Carl R. Alving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Transcutaneous Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toxoid (DTx) and tetanus toxoid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 μg. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application.

TNF-α and IL-6: The Link between Immune and Bone System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Chengqi He
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Osteoimmunology is a new subject which focuses on the communication between the immune and the skeletal systems. Both the immune system and bone communicate with each other. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play important roles in immune responses and bone metabolism. TNF-α and IL-6 enhance macrophage activation and antigen presentation, as well as regulating immunity through different mechanisms. A variety of groups have reported that TNF-α suppresses osteoblasts activity at some stages of differentiation and stimulates osteoclast proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, IL-6 mediates the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts through sophisticated mechanisms, which reflect dual effects. Both TNF-α and IL-6 can mediate the activity of osteocytes. Furthermore, both TNF-α and IL-6 are important pathogenic factors related to immune-mediated bone diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review will discuss the contradictory findings concerning TNF-α and IL-6 in osteoimmunology and their potential for clinical application.

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