scholarly journals L-Serine Lowers the Inflammatory Responses during Pasteurella multocida Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang He ◽  
Zheng Yin ◽  
Chenlu Wu ◽  
Yaoyao Xia ◽  
Miaomiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACT Pasteurella multocida causes a variety of infectious diseases in various species of mammals and birds, resulting in enormous economic loss to the modern livestock and poultry industry. However, the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction is unclear. Here, we found that l-serine levels were significantly decreased in murine lungs infected with P. multocida. Exogenous l-serine supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of mice and decreased the colonization of P. multocida in the lungs of mice. Notably, l-serine decreased the macrophage- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in mice during P. multocida infection.

scholarly journals Detection of Plasmodium falciparum ancient DNA in Egyptian mummies

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Cerutti ◽  
Alfredo Santovito ◽  
Massimo Turina ◽  
Francesca Crobu ◽  
Emma Rabino Massa
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Microbial Dna

The detection of ancient microbial DNA offers a new approach for the study of infectious diseases, their occurrence and host – pathogen interaction in a diachronic view, over the centuries.Moreover, the data that are obtained from the skeletal and mummified tissue may represent an important completion of contemporary phylogenetic analyses of pathogens. [...]

scholarly journals Toxoplasma Effectors Targeting Host Signaling and Transcription

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed-Ali Hakimi ◽  
Philipp Olias ◽  
L. David Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Host Signaling

SUMMARY Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) organelles and small, dense granules (GRAs), both of which are secreted during invasion of host cells. These early morphological studies were followed by the exploration of the cellular contents of these secretory organelles, revealing them to be comprised of highly divergent protein families with few conserved domains or predicted functions. In parallel, studies on host-pathogen interactions identified many host signaling pathways that were mysteriously altered by infection. It was only with the advent of forward and reverse genetic strategies that the connections between individual parasite effectors and the specific host pathways that they targeted finally became clear. The current repertoire of parasite effectors includes ROP kinases and pseudokinases that are secreted during invasion and that block host immune pathways. Similarly, many secretory GRA proteins alter host gene expression by activating host transcription factors, through modification of chromatin, or by inducing small noncoding RNAs. These effectors highlight novel mechanisms by which T. gondii has learned to harness host signaling to favor intracellular survival and will guide future studies designed to uncover the additional complexity of this intricate host-pathogen interaction.

scholarly journals Special Issue: From Host–Pathogen Interaction to Host-Directed Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2606
Author(s):  
Maria Salomé Gomes ◽  
Luisa Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Made In

Despite the enormous progress made in the last few decades, infectious diseases still represent a huge challenge to human society and health systems, as evidenced by the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic [...]

scholarly journals Variation in the Early Host-Pathogen Interaction of Bovine Macrophages with Divergent Mycobacterium bovis Strains in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Jensen ◽  
Iain J. Gallagher ◽  
Nicholas Johnston ◽  
Michael Welsh ◽  
Robin Skuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis has been an escalating animal health issue in the United Kingdom since the 1980s, even though control policies have been in place for over 60 years. The importance of the genetics of the etiological agent, Mycobacterium bovis , in the reemergence of the disease has been largely overlooked. We compared the interaction between bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (bMDM) and two M. bovis strains, AF2122/97 and G18, representing distinct genotypes currently circulating in the United Kingdom. These M. bovis strains exhibited differences in survival and growth in bMDM. Although uptake was similar, the number of viable intracellular AF2122/97 organisms increased rapidly, while G18 growth was constrained for the first 24 h. AF2122/97 infection induced a greater transcriptional response by bMDM than G18 infection with respect to the number of differentially expressed genes and the fold changes measured. AF2122/97 infection induced more bMDM cell death, with characteristics of necrosis and apoptosis, more inflammasome activation, and a greater type I interferon response than G18. In conclusion, the two investigated M. bovis strains interact in significantly different ways with the host macrophage. In contrast to the relatively silent infection by G18, AF2122/97 induces greater signaling to attract other immune cells and induces host cell death, which may promote secondary infections of naive macrophages. These differences may affect early events in the host-pathogen interaction, including granuloma development, which could in turn alter the progression of the disease. Therefore, the potential involvement of M. bovis genotypes in the reemergence of bovine tuberculosis in the United Kingdom warrants further investigation.

Dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography scanning in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: association with patient survival and histopathological characteristics of tumor after high-dose radiotherapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
B. Leonard Holman ◽  
Joseph F. Polak ◽  
Basem M. Garada ◽  
Marc S. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The study was conducted to determine the association between dual-isotope single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning and histopathological findings of tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Methods. Studies in which SPECT with 201Tl and 99mTc-hexamethypropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) were used were performed 1 day before reoperation in 47 patients with glioblastoma multiforme who had previously been treated by surgery and high-dose radiotherapy. Maximum uptake of 201Tl in the lesion was expressed as a ratio to that in the contralateral scalp, and uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO was expressed as a ratio to that in the cerebellar cortex. Patients were stratified into groups based on the maximum radioisotope uptake values in their tumor beds. The significance of differences in patient gender, histological characteristics of tissue at reoperation, and SPECT uptake group with respect to 1-year survival was elucidated by using the chi-square statistic. Comparisons of patient ages and time to tumor recurrence as functions of 1-year survival were made using the t-test. Survival data at 1 year were presented according to the Kaplan—Meier method, and the significance of potential differences was evaluated using the log-rank method. The effects of different variables (tumor type, time to recurrence, and SPECT grouping) on long-term survival were evaluated using Cox proportional models that controlled for age and gender. All patients in Group I (201Tl ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio < 0.5) showed radiation changes in their biopsy specimens: they had an 83.3% 1-year survival rate. Group II patients (201T1 ratio < 2 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio of ≥ 0.5 or 201Tl ratio between 2 and 3.5 regardless of 99mTc-HMPAO ratio) had predominantly infiltrating tumor (66.6%); they had a 29.2% 1-year survival rate. Almost all of the patients in Group III (201Tl ratio > 3.5 and 99mTc-HMPAO ratio ≥ 0.5) had solid tumor (88.2%) and they had a 6.7% 1-year survival rate. Histological data were associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.01); however, SPECT grouping was more closely associated with 1-year survival (p < 0.001) and was the only variable significantly associated with long-term survival (p < 0.005). Conclusions. Dual-isotope SPECT data correlate with histopathological findings made at reoperation and with survival in patients with malignant gliomas after surgical and high-dose radiation therapy.

Mareks Disease in An Aseel Chicken - Cytohistopathological Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumar ◽  
N. Pazhanivel ◽  
K. Gopal ◽  
R. Thangathurai ◽  
C. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disease ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Herpès Virus

Mareks diseases (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chicken affecting all organs including skin. Mareks disease is become a menace to the poultry industry owing to the serious economic loss. MD is caused by herpes virus with three serotype of MDV (Carter et al., 2006). MD is a very serious problem and it produces up to 60% of mortality in layers and 10% of mortality in broilers. Epidemiological data recorded average about 10–40% flock mortality (Arulmozi et al. 2011). The clinical feature of MD is characterized by paralysis of the wings, legs and neck with lameness, depression and death occurred. The present paper reports the occurrence of MD in Aseel chicken.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

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