Precipitin Inhibition of Candida stellatoidea Antiserum with Oligosaccharides Obtained from the Parent Mannan

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
William O. Mitchell ◽  
H. F. Hasenclever
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Structural Configuration ◽  
Immune Precipitation

Inhibition of immune precipitation with oligosaccharides obtained from Candida stellatoidea mannan has been used to provide more information about the haptenic groups of this serologically active polysaccharide. The oligosaccharides di-, tri-, tetra-, and a mixture of penta- and hexasaccharides were studied. The inhibitory activity of these materials was tested with two immune sera. With one serum, 0.8 μmole of the mixture of penta- and hexasaccharides inhibited the reaction by 87%, and, with the other serum, 0.4 μmole of the mixture inhibited the reaction by 99%. Monosaccharides were also tested with each antiserum and found to be noninhibitory. It is apparent that the mixture of oligosaccharides containing 5 to 6 mannose units was the most effective inhibitor. Since it is known that these oligosaccharides contain a predominance of α 1-2 linkages and lesser numbers of α 1-3 linkages, it is likely that these are important in the structural configuration of the antigenic determinants.

Immunochemical Studies on Antithrombin III

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunochemical Analysis ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Depressed Antithrombin III (AT) levels Increase thrombic tendency in man, therefore value in assaying this protein has been established. Immunochemical analysis of AT in clinical disease has however proved controversial, consequently systematic studies were undertaken to rationalize the requirements necessary to optimise these methods in particular electro-Immunoassay. The known binding affinity of AT for heparin has been exploited to differentiate high affinity AT from its inhibitor - protease complexes and has resulted in reports stating that heparin added to the agar gel prior to electrophoresis significantly reduces the time required for completion of antigen/antibody complexes. Our studies however have demonstrated that the antibody required for quantitative analysis must be capable of not only reacting with “native” antigenic determinants of AT but also with “neo” antigens that are exposed when inhibitor-protease complexes are formed. Heparin should not be used in the test protocol, for it has a paradoxical effect on Immunopreclpltation in gels, masking some antigenic determinants of unbound - high affinity AT on one hand, and appear to disrupt the Immunoprecipitin “rocket” formed with the inhibitor-protease complexes during electrophoresis on the other.

scholarly journals An Anti-Inflammatory Azaphenothiazine Inhibits Interferon β Expression and CXCL10 Production in KERTr Cells

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Strzadala ◽  
Anna Fiedorowicz ◽  
Edyta Wysokinska ◽  
Ewa Ziolo ◽  
Małgorzata Grudzień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

An azaphenothiazine derivative, 6-chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2-b;2′,3′-e][1,4]thiazine (DQT), has recently been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activities in mouse models. It also inhibited the expression of CXCL10 at the protein level, at non-toxic concentrations, in the culture of KERTr cells treated with double-stranded RNA, poly(I:C). In this report, we demonstrated that DQT inhibits the transcription of the CXCL10 gene. Although CXCL10 is an IFNγ-inducible protein, we found that the CXCL10 protein was induced without the detectable release of IFNγ or IκB degradation. Hence, we concluded that IFNγ or NFκB was not involved in the regulation of the CXCL10 gene in KERTr cells transfected with poly(I:C), nor in the inhibitory activity of DQT. On the other hand, we found that IFNβ was induced under the same conditions and that its expression was inhibited by DQT. Kinetic analysis showed that an increase in IFNβ concentrations occurred 4–8 h after poly(I:C) treatment, while the concentration of CXCL10 was undetectable at that time and started to increase later, when IFNβ reached high levels. Therefore, DQT may be regarded as a new promising inhibitor of IFNβ expression and IFNβ-dependent downstream genes and proteins, e.g., CXCL10 chemokine, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals An Anti-Inflammatory Azaphenothiazine Inhibits Interferon β Expression and CXCL10 Production in KERTr Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Strzadala ◽  
Anna Fiedorowicz ◽  
Edyta Wysokinska ◽  
Ewa Ziolo ◽  
Małgorzata Grudzien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

An azaphenothiazine derivative, 6-chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2-b;2’,3’-e][1,4]thiazine (DQT) has recently been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activities in mouse models. It also inhibited the expression of CXCL10 at the protein level, at non-toxic concentrations, in the culture of KERTr cells treated with double-stranded RNA, poly(I:C). In this report, we demonstrated that DQT inhibits the transcription of the CXCL10 gene. Although CXCL10 is an IFNγ-inducible protein, we found that the CXCL10 protein was induced without the detectable release of IFNγ or IκB degradation. Hence, we concluded that IFNγ or NFκB were not involved in the regulation of the CXCL10 gene in KERTr cells transfected with poly(I:C) as well as in the inhibitory activity of DQT. On the other hand, we found that IFNβ was induced under the same conditions and its expression was inhibited by DQT. Kinetic analysis showed that an increase in IFNβ concentrations occurred 4-8 h after poly(I:C) treatment, while the concentration of CXCL10 was undetectable at that time and started to increase later, when IFNβ reached high levels. Therefore, DQT may be regarded as a new promising inhibitor of IFNβ expression and IFNβ-dependent downstream genes and proteins, e.g., CXCL10 chemokine, which is implicated in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

A sensitive and practical immunoradiometric assay of thyrotropin.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Helenius ◽  
S Tikanoja
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Chloramine T ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract We describe a two-site immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin (TSH) in serum, based on use of two monoclonal antibodies directed against two separate antigenic determinants on the TSH molecule. One antibody is immobilized on polystyrene beads; the other is radioiodinated by a modified Chloramine T method. The detection limit of the assay is 0.02 milli-int. unit/L. The working range (CV less than 10%) is from 0.1 to greater than 50 milli-int. units/L. The log mean concentration of TSH in sera collected from 100 euthyroid subjects between 08:00 and 11:00 hours was 1.9 milli-int. units/L, the range 0.4-5.4 milli-int. units/L. Values for hyperthyroid patients and thyroid-cancer patients being treated with thyroxin were much lower than those for euthyroid persons. Results by this new assay correlated excellently with those by our conventional radioimmunoassay (r = 0.99) and also with a sensitive immunofluorometric TSH method (Delfia TSH) (r = 0.99).

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Corydalis Cava (Fumariaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chlebek ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Milan Kurfürst ◽  
Jiří Kuneš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tubers of Corydalis cava were extracted with ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol. Repeated column chromatography, preparative TLC and crystallization led to the isolation of fifteen isoquinoline alkaloids. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were tested for human blood acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE) inhibitory activity. (+)-Canadaline inhibited acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.1 ± 1.1 μM and 85.2 ± 3.2 μM, respectively. (+)-Canadine, with an IC50 value of 12.4 ± 0.9 μM, was the most potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, whilst (±)-corycavidine and (+)-bulbocapnine were effective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 46.2 ± 2.4 uM and 67.0 ± 2.1 μM, respectively. The other isolated alkaloids were considered inactive (IC50 > 100 μM).

Conformational Alterations of α2-Antiplasmin Induced by Complex Formation with Plasmin

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Plow ◽  
B. Wiman ◽  
D. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Large Fragment ◽  
Reactive Site ◽  
Immunodiffusion Analysis

The conformational and structural changes induced in the α2-antiplasmin (AP) molecule by complex formation with plasmin have been analyzed utilizing quantitative radioimmuno-chemical analyses. Complexes prepared in plasmin excess -(PAP-P) and therefore subjected to limited proteolysis and complexes prepared in AP excess (PAP-A) have been compared with free AP. With AP antiserum, PAP-A, PAP-P and AP yielded reactions of complete identity by immunodiffusion analysis. In radioimmunoassay, however, these were clearly distinguished, and four distinct sets of antigenic determinants were delineated. Set I determinants were expressed equivalently by PAP-P, PAP-A and AP and were, therefore, not altered by complex formation. This set was recognized by 90% of the antibodies, and the determinants were all included within a large fragment of Mr 60,000 derived from the NH2-terminal region of AP. The other three sets of determinants were modulated by complex formation. Set II was expressed by PAP-A and AP but not by PAP-P, and these were sensitive to proteolysis by plasmin. Set III determinants were expressed only by AP and were localized to a peptide of Mr 8,000 derived from the COOH-terminal region of AP. Set IV determinants were also present only on AP but were not present in the peptide and required an intact reactive site in AP for expression. Thus, there is evidence for multiple conformational modulations in AP induced by complex formation, and these modulations can be pinpointed to specific loci within the AP molecule.

PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS INDUCED IN GUINEA PIGS BY INSULINS AND THEIR COMPONENT CHAINS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wilson ◽  
Marie A. Aprile ◽  
Louise Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Enzymic Digestion ◽  
Heterologous Antiserum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homologous Antiserum

Small amounts of purified ox insulin and its component chains provoked passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs previously injected intradermally with antiserum to ox insulin. Cod insulin and its chains also yielded a PCA reaction with antiserum to cod insulin, indicating that antibody-combining sites are located on both the A- and B-chains of insulin Enzymic digestion of the chain preparations essentially destroyed their ability to combine with anaphylactic antibodies, although the B-chain digests had some residual PCA reactivity.Ox and cod insulins gave positive PCA reactions with the heterologous antiserum but at higher levels than with the homologous antiserum, and none of the four chain preparations reacted with the heterologous antiserum. These results demonstrated differences between the antibody-combining sites on the chains of ox and cod insulins.Insulins from a wide range of species also yielded a PCA reaction with antisera to cod and ox insulins, suggesting that the different hormone preparations have certain antigenic determinants in common. Immunologic relationships between several insulins were derived from the competitive inhibition of one antiserum by the other when both were present in the same animal.

scholarly journals Rufforone: A New Styrylpyrone from Sanrafaelia ruffonammari

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200
Author(s):  
John J. Makangara ◽  
Nobuhiro Hirai ◽  
Masahiro Inomata ◽  
Akira Murakami ◽  
Hajime Ohigashi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages

A new styrylpyrone, 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (1), together with two known styrylpyrones, 6-(7,8-epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (2) and 6-(7,8-dihydroxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Sanrafaelia ruffonammari Verdc. 6-(7,8-Epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one exhibited high inhibitory activity to interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide generation in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas the other two showed no activity.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activities of Polyphenolic Extracts of Bangladeshi Vegetables against α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Renin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Razia Sultana ◽  
Adeola M. Alashi ◽  
Khaleda Islam ◽  
Md Saifullah ◽  
C. Emdad Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Ash Gourd ◽  
Better Than

The aim of the study was to determine the in vitro enzyme inhibition activities of aqueous polyphenolic extracts of nine popular Bangladeshi vegetables, namely ash gourd, bitter gourd, brinjal, Indian spinach, kangkong, okra, ridge gourd, snake gourd, and stem amaranth. Polyphenolic glycosides were the major compounds present in the extracts. Inhibition of α-amylase (up to 100% at 1 mg/mL) was stronger than α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 70.78% at 10 mg/mL). The Indian spinach extract was the strongest inhibitor of pancreatic lipase activity (IC50 = 276.77 µg/mL), which was significantly better than that of orlistat (381.16 µg/mL), a drug. Ash gourd (76.51%), brinjal (72.48%), and snake gourd (66.82%) extracts were the most effective inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme whose excessive activities have been associated with hypertension. Brinjal also had a significantly higher renin-inhibitory activity than the other vegetable extracts. We conclude that the vegetable extracts may have the ability to reduce enzyme activities that have been associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIBODIES ON IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Particulate Antigen

The influence of antibody on antibody formation to particulate antigen was examined in the rabbit with special reference to the importance of immunoglobulin type, the amount and relative proportion of antigen and antibody involved, and the specificity of this influence. 19S as well as 7S antibody was shown to be an effective inhibitor of antibody formation, although there was some evidence that 7S antibody was the more efficient of the two in doing so. The inhibitory effect of antibody was found to be specific for homologous antigenic determinants. Both 19S and 7S antibody were also able to enhance antibody formation. In contrast to the suppressive phenomenon, however, enhancement appeared to be nonspecific since antibody reactive with homologous (sheep red blood cell) determinants could enhance the response not only to homologous determinants but to heterologous (dinitrobenzene) determinants conjugated to the red blood cells as well. Smaller amounts of antibody were needed to enhance than to suppress antibody formation, and suppression and enhancement depended to some extent on the amount of antigen as well as to the amount of antibody used. The enhancing and suppressing influence of antibody on antibody formation appeared to be exerted concomitantly, for the response to some antigenic determinants was sometimes suppressed at the same time that the response to others was enhanced. It is suggested that enhancement or suppression of immunologic responses by antibody represents a different balance of at least two competing factors operating together: specific neutralization of appropriate determinants thus decreasing the total effective concentration of these determinants available to stimulate the formation of antibodies, and a nonspecific increase in the availability of antigen to immunologically competent cells.

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