scholarly journals Human monocyte chemotaxis: migrating cells are a subpopulation with multiple chemotaxin specificities on each cell

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-959
Author(s):  
W Falk ◽  
E J Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monocyte Chemotaxis ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Migrating Cells

Only 20 to 40% of human blood monocytes were capable of responding to chemotaxins in vitro. This limit is not due to restrictions of the in vitro system, but is due to the existence of a migrating subpopulation. Over a wide range, the number of cells migrating toward a given concentration of chemotaxin was directly proportional to the number added to the chemotaxis chamber. These monocytes responded to all of the three stimuli used: human serum-derived C5a, human lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor, and a synthetic peptide. It was possible to deactivate cells to one attractant, leaving the response to other attractants intact. This suggested that these attractants were recognized by different receptors. Several lines of evidence showed that most migrating cells had receptors for all three chemotaxins tested. Thus, if cells were assayed for migration to one attractant, no additional migration occurred when the remaining cells were assayed for migration to a different attractant. Furthermore, the same cells that had migrated toward one attractant were able to respond to other chemotaxins. We also found that a single attractant attracted as many cells as a combination of two or three attractants. Calculations from these data showed that at least 75% of the migrating monocytes have different receptors for all three attractants.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by human monocyte-derived macrophages and rabbit inflammatory macrophages.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Newman ◽  
J E Henson ◽  
P M Henson
Keyword(s):  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages

An in vitro system to investigate the ability of macrophages to recognize and ingest senescent polymorphonuclear neutrophils has been used that uses chromium-labeled neutrophils and staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Human monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from in vitro cultures were able to recognize "aged" but not freshly isolated 51Cr-labeled human neutrophils and ingest them. Freshly isolated monocytes did not exhibit this property. Because the aged neutrophils were greater than 95% viable, death did not appear to be a prerequisite for recognition and ingestion. Serum was not required for the aging of the neutrophils, and when serum was used, different concentrations did not appear to effect the aging process; that is, neutrophils aged in different concentrations of serum were ingested equally. Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by macrophages occurred in a time-dependent manner and was also dependent on the number of neutrophils added. Monocyte-derived macrophages first exhibited the ability to phagocytose senescent neutrophils on the 3rd d of culture, with the percentage of active macrophages increasing through day 7. In experiments with rabbit mononuclear phagocytes, immune complex-induced inflammatory macrophages from the lung but not resident bronchoalveolar macrophages or peripheral blood monocytes were found to be capable of recognition and ingestion of senescent rabbit neutrophils. These data suggest that the monocyte maturation process, akin to that seen during inflammation, is necessary in vitro before macrophages recognize and remove senescent neutrophils.

scholarly journals IN LABORATORY GENERATION AND MATURATION OF HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS FOR CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
KANCHAN K. MISHRA ◽  
SUMIT BHARADVA ◽  
MEGHNAD G. JOSHI ◽  
ARVIND GULBAKE
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the regulation of adaptive immune responses, furthermore they act as a bridge between the innate and the adaptive immune systems they have been ideal candidates for cell-based immunotherapy of cancers and infections in humans. The first reported trial using DCs in 1995, since they have been used in trials all over the world for several of indications, including cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Generally, for in vitro experiments or for DCs vaccination monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were generated from purified monocytes that isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. A variety of methods can be used for enrichment of monocytes for generation of clinical-grade DCs. Herein we summarized up to date understanding of systems and inputs used in procedures to differentiate DCs from blood monocytes in vitro.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Levofloxacin, Erythromycin, and Rifampin in a Human Monocyte System againstLegionella pneumophila

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3153-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona L. Baltch ◽  
Raymond P. Smith ◽  
Mary A. Franke ◽  
Phyllis B. Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activities of levofloxacin, erythromycin, and rifampin against intracellular Legionella pneumophilaL-1033, serogroup 1, were studied. In an in vitro system utilizing adherent human monocytes, L. pneumophila L-1033, a phagocytosis time period of 1 h, and antibiotic (levofloxacin, erythromycin, and/or rifampin) at 1 to 10 times the MIC, the CFU/ml values for the monocyte lysate were determined during 0- to 4-day time periods. The decrease in CFU/ml with levofloxacin at pH 7.4 was rapid, occurring within 24 h, and was drug concentration dependent (P < 0.01). The decrease in CFU with rifampin was first observed at 48 h (P < 0.01), while only a minimal decrease in CFU/ml was observed with erythromycin. Combination of levofloxacin and rifampin and of levofloxacin and erythromycin at ten times their MICs significantly decreased the CFU/ml value (P < 0.01), to the value attained by levofloxacin alone, while combination of rifampin and erythromycin did not. Removal of levofloxacin after 24 h of incubation resulted in regrowth ofL. pneumophila L-1033, while a continued slow decrease in CFU/ml was seen following rifampin removal; CFU/ml values were unaffected by the removal of erythromycin. At 4 days, and even in assays performed following antibiotic removal, the CFU/ml value continued to be lower in the levofloxacin and rifampin assays than in the assays with erythromycin. Levofloxacin had a significantly higher bactericidal activity against L. pneumophila L-1033 than erythromycin or rifampin. In these assays, the addition of erythromycin or rifampin did not affect the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin.

scholarly journals Induction of human monocyte to macrophage maturation in vitro by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kreutz ◽  
R Andreesen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte System ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Abstract Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system arise from circulating blood monocytes (MO) that undergo further maturation on leaving the vasculature and migration into the various tissues and body cavities. This terminal differentiation step is also observed in vitro when blood MO are cultured in the presence of serum. Yet, the inducing signals present in serum are not defined. We have established primary cultures from elutriation-purified blood MO and found that the active metabolite of vitamin D3 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could induce maturation of MO to macrophages (MAC) in the absence of any serum proteins. Cells were cultured for 7 days with AB-group serum or 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively, and MO maturation analyzed by morphology, functional activity, and the expression of lineage-restricted maturation-associated antigens (MAX.1, MAX.3). At an optimal concentration of 10(-8) mol/L, 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted the development of fully differentiated MAC whose phenotype and functional competence in terms of cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, fibronectin, and lysozyme) was comparable with MAC grown in serum. In conclusion, our data may add to the immunoregulatory potential of 1,25(OH)2D3, which may play an essential role in the ontogeny of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

scholarly journals Thymodepressin—Unforeseen Immunosuppressor

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6550
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Deigin ◽  
Julia E. Vinogradova ◽  
Dmitry L Vinogradov ◽  
Marina S. Krasilshchikova ◽  
Vadim T. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Peptide Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Available Information

The paper summarizes the available information concerning the biological properties and biomedical applications of Thymodepressin. This synthetic peptide drug displays pronounced immunoinhibitory activity across a wide range of conditions in vitro and in vivo. The history of its unforeseen discovery is briefly reviewed, and the current as well as potential expansion areas of medicinal practice are outlined. Additional experimental evidence is obtained, demonstrating several potential advantages of Thymodepressin over another actively used immunosuppressor drug, cyclosporin A.

scholarly journals The urokinase receptor is required for human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.

1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Gyetko ◽  
R F Todd ◽  
C C Wilkinson ◽  
R G Sitrin
Keyword(s):  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Urokinase Receptor ◽  
Monocyte Chemotaxis

Dietary fats induce human monocyte activation in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bentley ◽  
F. Bejta ◽  
C. De Pascale ◽  
M. Avella ◽  
C.P.D. Wheeler-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Activated Monocytes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Chylomicron Remnants ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

In early atherosclerosis the frequency of activated monocytes in the peripheral circulation is amplified, and migration of monocytes into the walls of the aorta and large arteries is increased, due partly to de novo expression or activation of monocyte adhesion molecules. Although there is increasing evidence that CMRs (chylomicron remnants) are strongly atherogenic, the outcomes of interactions between blood monocytes and circulating CMRs are not known. Here, we have studied the effects of CRLPs (CMR-like particles) on THP-1 human monocyte oxidative burst. The particles induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species within 1 h, which persisted for 24 h. We suggest that monocyte–CMR interactions may be important in early atherosclerosis when many activated monocytes are found in susceptible areas of the artery wall.

scholarly journals Induction of human monocyte to macrophage maturation in vitro by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kreutz ◽  
R Andreesen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte System ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system arise from circulating blood monocytes (MO) that undergo further maturation on leaving the vasculature and migration into the various tissues and body cavities. This terminal differentiation step is also observed in vitro when blood MO are cultured in the presence of serum. Yet, the inducing signals present in serum are not defined. We have established primary cultures from elutriation-purified blood MO and found that the active metabolite of vitamin D3 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could induce maturation of MO to macrophages (MAC) in the absence of any serum proteins. Cells were cultured for 7 days with AB-group serum or 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively, and MO maturation analyzed by morphology, functional activity, and the expression of lineage-restricted maturation-associated antigens (MAX.1, MAX.3). At an optimal concentration of 10(-8) mol/L, 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted the development of fully differentiated MAC whose phenotype and functional competence in terms of cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, fibronectin, and lysozyme) was comparable with MAC grown in serum. In conclusion, our data may add to the immunoregulatory potential of 1,25(OH)2D3, which may play an essential role in the ontogeny of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

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