scholarly journals Comparison of an Adherence Domain and a Structural Region ofStreptococcus mutans Antigen I/II in Protective Immunity against Dental Caries in Rats after Intranasal Immunization

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hajishengallis ◽  
Michael W. Russell ◽  
Suzanne M. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Binding Region ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Structural Region ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

ABSTRACT Previous studies have identified an N-terminal saliva-binding region (SBR) on Streptococcus mutans surface antigen I/II (AgI/II) and suggested its importance in the initial adherence ofS. mutans to saliva-coated tooth surfaces and subsequent development of dental caries. In this study, we compared the SBR with a C-terminal structural region of AgI/II (AgII) in their abilities to induce protective immunity against caries in rats. When SBR, AgII, or the whole AgI/II molecule was administered intranasally as a conjugate with the B subunit of cholera toxin (CT), in the presence of CT adjuvant, substantial levels of salivary immunoglobulin A anti-AgI/II antibodies were induced. Evaluation of caries activity showed that the SBR, though not as protective as the parent molecule, was superior to AgII and thus can be further considered as a component in a multivalent caries vaccine.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Liposomes Possessing Surface-Linked Recombinant B Subunit of Cholera Toxin as an Oral Antigen Delivery System

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4299-4304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evlambia Harokopakis ◽  
George Hajishengallis ◽  
Suzanne M. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Serum Igg

ABSTRACT Liposomes appear to be a promising oral antigen delivery system for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases, although their uptake efficiency by Peyer’s patches in the gut and the subsequent induction of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses remain a major concern. Aiming at targeted delivery of liposomal immunogens, we have previously reported the conjugation via a thioether bond of the GM1 ganglioside-binding subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) to the liposomal outer surface. In the present study, we have investigated the effectiveness of liposomes containing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of Streptococcus mutans AgI/II adhesin and possessing surface-linked recombinant CTB (rCTB) in generating mucosal (salivary, vaginal, and intestinal) IgA as well as serum IgG responses to the parent molecule, AgI/II. Responses in mice given a single oral dose of the rCTB-conjugated liposomes were compared to those in mice given one of the following unconjugated liposome preparations: (i) empty liposomes, (ii) liposomes containing SBR, (iii) liposomes containing SBR and coadministered with rCTB, and (iv) liposomes containing SBR plus rCTB. Three weeks after the primary immunization, significantly higher levels of mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies to AgI/II were observed in the rCTB-conjugated group than in mice given the unconjugated liposome preparations, although the latter mice received a booster dose at week 9. The antibody responses in mice immunized with rCTB-conjugated liposomes persisted at high levels for at least 6 months, at which time (week 26) a recall immunization significantly augmented the responses. In general, mice given unconjugated liposome preparations required one or two booster immunizations to develop a substantial anti-AgI/II antibody response, which was more prominent in the group given coencapsulated SBR and rCTB. These data indicate that conjugation of rCTB to liposomes greatly enhances their effectiveness as an antigen delivery system. This oral immunization strategy should be applicable for the development of vaccines against oral, intestinal, or sexually transmitted diseases.

scholarly journals Salivary IgA as a Useful Biomarker for Dental Caries in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Hiba Hamid ◽  
Necdet Adanir ◽  
Faris Yahya Ibrahim Asiri ◽  
Khadijah Abid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to critically analyze and summarize studies reporting association of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels as a biomarker for dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients. Using the keywords salivary [All Fields] AND IgA [All Fields] AND (“down syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR (“down”[All Fields] AND “syndrome” [All Fields]) OR “down syndrome” [All Fields]), an electronic search was conducted via PubMed and Scopus databases by two authors, H. H. and Z. K. independently. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. To estimate the risk of bias, quality assessment of included studies was carried using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for observational studies. Primary search resulted in 10 articles from PubMed and 13 articles from Scopus. Ten studies fulfilled the defined selection criteria and evaluated the salivary IgA (sIgA) level in DS patients with dental caries. Five articles were further analyzed in a quantitative synthesis presented in the meta-analysis. Due to a modified lifestyle and compromised oral hygiene in DS patients, understandably, it is still postulated in the literature that the presence of sIgA can have a protective effect on the occurrence of dental caries as compared with healthy counterparts. As indicated by the present meta-analysis, no conclusions can be drawn as to definitively label sIgA as a biomarker for dental caries. Further, well-designed longitudinal clinical studies and translational research are therefore required before the benchmarking of sIgA as a useful biomarker for dental caries in DS patients with preferable molecular insights.

scholarly journals Characterization of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses in Children Heavily Exposed to the Oral Bacterium Streptococcus mutans: Influence of Specific Antigen Recognition in Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 5675-5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchele D. Nogueira ◽  
Alessandra C. Alves ◽  
Marcelo H. Napimoga ◽  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
Renata O. Mattos-Graner
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Iga ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Antibody Specificities ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

ABSTRACT The initial infection of children by Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, depends on the ability of S. mutans to adhere and accumulate on tooth surfaces. These processes involve the adhesin antigen I/II (AgI/II), glucosyltransferases (GTF) and glucan-binding protein B (GbpB), each a target for anticaries vaccines. The salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses to S. mutans antigens (Ags) were characterized in 21 pairs of 5- to 13-month-old children. Pairs were constructed with one early S. mutans-infected and one noninfected child matched by age, racial background, number of teeth, and salivary levels of IgA. Specific salivary IgA antibody response and S. mutans infection levels were then measured during a 1-year follow-up. Robust responses to S. mutans were detected from 6 months of age. Salivary IgA antibody to AgI/II and GTF was commonly detected in salivas of all 42 children. However, GbpB-specific IgA antibody was seldom detected in the subset of infected children (38.1% at baseline). In contrast, most of the subset of noninfected children (76.2%) showed GbpB-reactive IgA antibody during the same period. Frequencies of GbpB responses increased with age, but differences in intensities of GbpB-IgA antibody reactions were sustained between the subsets. At baseline, GbpB-reactive IgA antibody accounted for at least half of the total salivary IgA S. mutans-reactive antibody in 33.3 and 9.5% of noninfected and infected children, respectively. This study provides evidence that a robust natural response to S. mutans Ags can be achieved by 1 year of age and that IgA antibody specificities may be critical in modulating initial S. mutans infection.

scholarly journals Effect of dental treatments on salivary immunoglobulin A of children with and without dental caries: A comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Geetha Priya ◽  
Sharath Asokan ◽  
K Karthick ◽  
NVenugopal Reddy ◽  
VArun Prasad Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

Salivary immunoglobulin A in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with focus on dental caries: a cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meheriar Chopra ◽  
Sameer Jadhav ◽  
Anuradha Venugopalan ◽  
Vivek Hegde ◽  
Arvind Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

Therapeutic Vaccine against Streptococcus sobrinus-induced Caries

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dinis ◽  
D. Tavares ◽  
A.J.M.M. Fonseca ◽  
R. Faria ◽  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Salivary Immunoglobulin A

Streptococcus sobrinus produces a virulence-associated immunomodulatory protein (VIP) which suppresses the host-specific immune response and induces the early production of IL-10. In this study, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic immunization with this VIP on the incidence of caries in S. sobrinus-infected rats. Groups of Wistar rats were orally infected with S. sobrinus and fed with sucrose-sweetened drinking water ad libitum. Five days later, rats were immunized intranasally with active or heat-inactivated VIP plus alum as adjuvant or PBS plus adjuvant (sham-immunized). After 3 wks, all rats were re-immunized as above. Evaluation of dental caries showed that VIP-immunized animals had significantly fewer enamel sulcal and proximal caries lesions than did the sham-immunized animals (p < 0.001). The protective effects following therapeutic VIP immunization were attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A specific to the VIP. These results offer a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against dental caries.

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