scholarly journals Identification of Genes Encoding Two-Component Lantibiotic Production in Staphylococcus aureus C55 and Other Phage Group II S. aureus Strains and Demonstration of an Association with the Exfoliative Toxin B Gene

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 4268-4271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduwe A. D. B. Navaratna ◽  
Hans-Georg Sahl ◽  
John R. Tagg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Peptide System ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Considerable Homology

ABSTRACT The production of exfoliative toxin B (ET-B), but not ET-A, was shown to be specifically associated with production of a highly conserved two-component lantibiotic peptide system in phage group IIStaphylococcus aureus. Two previously studied but incompletely characterized S. aureus bacteriocins, staphylococcins C55 and BacR1, were found to be members of this lantibiotic system, and considerable homology was also found with the two-component Lactococcus lactis bacteriocin, lacticin 3147. sacαA and sacβA, the structural genes of the lantibiotics staphylococcins C55α and C55β and two putative lantibiotic processing genes, sacM1 and sacT, were localized together with the ET-B structural gene to a single 32-kb plasmid in strain C55. Irreversible loss of both ET-B and two-component lantibiotic production occurs during laboratory passage of ET-B-positive S. aureus strains, particularly at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Renata Kaukėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Antuševas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

scholarly journals Plasmids of phage-group-II Staphylococcus aureus

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. H. DYKE ◽  
W. C. NOBLE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group Ii

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Methicillin Resistance and Virulence among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Clinical and Surveillance Cultures in a Brazilian Teaching Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Pimenta Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza ◽  
Camila Sena Martins Souza ◽  
Natalia Bibiana Teixeira ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Aims. To quantify the presence of SCCmec types and virulence genes among Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and infecting patients from a teaching hospital. Methods. We analyzed 225 and 84 S. aureus isolates recovered from surveillance and clinical cultures, respectively. Strains were studied for the presence and type of SCCmec, as well as for several virulence genes. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed in order to identify predictors of invasiveness (defined as isolation from clinical cultures). Results. The presence of SCCmec types III (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 1.08–4.45) and IV (OR, 5.28 95% CI, 1.35–20.63) and of genes coding for exfoliative toxin B (etb, OR, 6.38, 95% CI, 1.48–27.46) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl, OR, 2.38, 95% CI, 1.16–4.86) was independently associated with invasiveness. Conclusions. SCCmec types III and IV and virulence genes are associated with greater invasiveness of S. aureus. Patients colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as with strains harboring etb or pvl, may be prone to develop invasive disease. Infection-preventing strategies should be more intensively applied to this group.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureusstrains associated with the hedgehog,Erinaceus europaeus

1965 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

1. Strains ofStaphylococcus aureuswere obtained from the nostrils of twenty-three of fifty-eight hedgehogs; the skin of thirty-eight of fifty-six hedgehogs; the paws of thirty-six of fifty-seven hedgehogs and the anus of six of eleven hedgehogs.2. Of 118 strains, 106 (90%) were typable with human staphylophages. Seventeen were phage group I, three phage group II, twenty-five phage group III, sixty-one were typable but unclassifiable into groups, and twelve were untypable.3. Male hedgehogs were more heavily infected than females, while all ages of hedgehogs appeared equally susceptible to infection.4. Of the 124 coagulase positive strains obtained, 107 (86·3%) were resistant to penicillin. Resistance to other antibiotics—chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, celbenin—was not encountered.5. Thirty-three (83%) of forty strains produced β-lysin.6. Mites (Caparinia tripilis) and fungi (Trichophyton mentagrophytesvar.erinacei) did not appear to directly influence the carriage ofStaphylococcus aureuson the hedgehog skin.

scholarly journals Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Genes Encoding Staphylococcus hyicus Exfoliative Toxin Types A, B, C, and D

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ahrens ◽  
Lars Ole Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Exfoliative toxins produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus hyicus mediate exudative epidermitis in pigs. In this study the genes coding for four different exfoliative toxin from S. hyicus (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, and ExhD) were cloned and sequenced. The coding sequence of the four toxin genes ranged from 816 to 834 bp. The amino acid sequences of these four toxins were homologous to the earlier described exfoliative toxins SHETB from S. hyicus and ETA, ETB, and ETD from Staphylococcus aureus. The homology between the S. hyicus toxins was at the same level as the homology to the exfoliative toxins from S. aureus. The toxins showed similarity to serine proteases, including preservation of the catalytic tract in ExhA, ExhB, and ExhC. However, in ExhD, Asp in the putative catalytic tract was replaced with Glu. The recombinant toxins could be expressed in Escherichia coli, and three of the four toxins were recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against native exfoliative toxins.

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