scholarly journals Characterization of the spv Locus in Salmonella enterica Serovar Arizona

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3290-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Libby ◽  
Marc Lesnick ◽  
Patricia Hasegawa ◽  
Michael Kurth ◽  
Christopher Belcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Large Plasmids

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Arizona (S. enterica subspecies IIIa) is a common Salmonella isolate from reptiles and can cause serious systemic disease in humans. The spv virulence locus, found on large plasmids in Salmonella subspecies I serovars associated with severe infections, was confirmed to be located on the chromosome of serovar Arizona. Sequence analysis revealed that the serovar Arizona spv locus contains homologues of spvRABC but lacks the spvD gene and contains a frameshift in spvA, resulting in a different C terminus. The SpvR protein functions as a transcriptional activator for the spvA promoter, and SpvB and SpvC are highly conserved. The analysis supports the proposal that the chromosomal spv sequence more closely corresponds to the ancestral locus acquired during evolution of S. enterica, with plasmid acquisition of spv genes in the subspecies I strains involving addition of spvD and polymorphisms in spvA.

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling of the endogenous peptides of MRSA and MSSA

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12508
Author(s):  
Haixia Tu ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Yiwei Cheng ◽  
Qianglong Pan ◽  
Xiao Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Endogenous Peptides ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Functional Regulation

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause diverse skin and soft tissue infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause more severe infections than methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Nevertheless, the physiological and metabolic regulation of MSSA and MRSA has not been well studied. In light of the increased interest in endogenous peptides and recognition of the important roles that they play, we studied the endogenous peptidome of MSSA and MRSA. We identified 1,065 endogenous peptides, among which 435 were differentially expressed (DE), with 292 MSSA-abundant endogenous peptides and 35 MRSA-abundant endogenous peptides. MSSA-abundant endogenous peptides have significantly enriched “VXXXK” motif of at the C-terminus. MSSA-abundant endogenous peptides are involved in penicillin-binding and immune responses, whereas MRSA-abundant endogenous peptides are associated with antibiotic resistance and increased toxicity. Our characterization of the peptidome of MSSA and MRSA provides a rich resource for future studies to explore the functional regulation of drug resistance in S. aureus and may also help elucidate the mechanisms of its pathogenicity and the development of treatments.

Sequence analysis and characterization of sulfonamide resistance plasmid pRF-1 from Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis

Plasmid ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Haneda ◽  
Nobuhiko Okada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miki ◽  
Hirofumi Danbara
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Sulfonamide Resistance

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Characterization of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Outbreak Strain and the Human Immune Response to Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Gal-Mor ◽  
Jotham Suez ◽  
Dana Elhadad ◽  
Steffen Porwollik ◽  
Eyal Leshem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTEnteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by theSalmonella entericahuman-adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Increasing incidence of infections withSalmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi A and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. Herein, we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of anS. Paratyphi A strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in Nepal that affected at least 37 travelers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the outbreak isolates revealed one genetic clone (pulsotype), confirming a single infecting source. Genetic profiling of the outbreak strain demonstrated the contribution of specific bacteriophages as a prime source of genetic diversity among clinical isolates ofS. Paratyphi A. Phenotypic characterization in comparison with theS. Paratyphi A ATCC 9150 reference sequenced strain showed differences in flagellar morphology and increased abilities of the outbreak strain with respect to its motility, invasion into nonphagocytic cells, intracellular multiplication, survival within macrophages, and higher induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secreted by host cells. Collectively, these differences suggest an enhanced virulence potential of this strain and demonstrate an interesting phenotypic variation amongS. Paratyphi A isolates.In vivoprofiling of 16 inflammatory cytokines in patients infected with the outbreak strain revealed a common profile of a remarkable gamma interferon (IFN-γ) induction together with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15, but not IL-12, which was previously demonstrated as elevated in nontyphoidalSalmonellainfections. This apparent profile implies a distinct immune response to paratyphoid infections.

Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serovars Isolated From Chicken

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
M. El Sayed ◽  
A. Ammar ◽  
A. Mohamed ◽  
A. El Dedmardash
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Salmonella Enterica

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericidal Activity of a 4-Ammoniumbuthylstyrene-Based Random Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Silvana Alfei ◽  
Gabriella Piatti ◽  
Debora Caviglia ◽  
Anna Maria Schito
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Severe Infections

The growing resistance of bacteria to current chemotherapy is a global concern that urgently requires new and effective antimicrobial agents, aimed at curing untreatable infection, reducing unacceptable healthcare costs and human mortality. Cationic polymers, that mimic antimicrobial cationic peptides, represent promising broad-spectrum agents, being less susceptible to develop resistance than low molecular weight antibiotics. We, thus, designed, and herein report, the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a water-soluble cationic copolymer (P5), obtained by copolymerizing the laboratory-made monomer 4-ammoniumbuthylstyrene hydrochloride with di-methyl-acrylamide as uncharged diluent. The antibacterial activity of P5 was assessed against several multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Except for strains characterized by modifications of the membrane charge, most of the tested isolates were sensible to the new molecule. P5 showed remarkable antibacterial activity against several isolates of genera Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, displaying a minimum MIC value of 3.15 µM. In time-killing and turbidimetric studies, P5 displayed a rapid non-lytic bactericidal activity. Due to its water-solubility and wide bactericidal spectrum, P5 could represent a promising novel agent capable of overcoming severe infections sustained by bacteria resistant the presently available antibiotics.

scholarly journals Simple and Efficient Protocol for Subcellular Fractionation of Normal and Apoptotic Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Viacheslav V. Senichkin ◽  
Evgeniia A. Prokhorova ◽  
Boris Zhivotovsky ◽  
Gelina S. Kopeina
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Ionic Detergents ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Cell Fragments

Subcellular fractionation approaches remain an indispensable tool among a large number of biochemical methods to facilitate the study of specific intracellular events and characterization of protein functions. During apoptosis, the best-known form of programmed cell death, numerous proteins are translocated into and from the nucleus. Therefore, suitable biochemical techniques for the subcellular fractionation of apoptotic cells are required. However, apoptotic bodies and cell fragments might contaminate the fractions upon using the standard protocols. Here, we compared different nucleus/cytoplasm fractionation methods and selected the best-suited approach for the separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. The described methodology is based on stepwise lysis of cells and washing of the resulting nuclei using non-ionic detergents, such as NP-40. Next, we validated this approach for fractionation of cells treated with various apoptotic stimuli. Finally, we demonstrated that nuclear fraction could be further subdivided into nucleosolic and insoluble subfractions, which is crucial for the isolation and functional studies of various proteins. Altogether, we developed a method for simple and efficient nucleus/cytoplasm fractionation of both normal and apoptotic cells.

Characterization of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolates from animal and food in Southern Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Giannina Perugini ◽  
Maria Rosaria Carullo ◽  
Assunta Esposito ◽  
Vincenzo Caligiuri ◽  
Federico Capuano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Southern Italy
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