Flea-Borne Transmission Model To Evaluate Vaccine Efficacy against Naturally Acquired Bubonic Plague

ABSTRACT A flea-to-mouse transmission model was developed for use in testing new candidate vaccines for the ability to protect against flea-borne plague. The model was used to evaluate a recombinant fusion protein vaccine consisting of the Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigens. After one to three challenges with Y. pestis-infected fleas, 14 of 15 unvaccinated control mice developed plague, with an average septicemia level of 9.2 × 108 Y. pestis CFU/ml. None of 15 vaccinated mice developed the disease after similar challenges, and serological testing indicated that transmitted bacteria were eliminated by the immune system before extensive replication and systemic infection could occur. The transmission and development of disease in control mice correlated with the number of bites by blocked fleas but not with the total number of fleabites. The model provides a means to directly assess the efficacy of new vaccines to prevent naturally acquired bubonic plague and to study events at the vector-host interface that lead to dissemination and disease.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Potency, Correlates of Protection, and Stability of a Novel Streptococcus pyogenes Recombinant Fusion Protein Vaccine

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2b9d462b8028d88cc51 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Elodie Burlet

Keyword(s):

Fusion Protein ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Recombinant Fusion Protein ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Correlates Of Protection

Download Full-text

E7-NT-gp96 fusion protein vaccine enhances specific immune responses in mice model

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.093 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (13) ◽

pp. S46

Author(s):

Elham Mohit ◽

Azam Bolhassani ◽

Farnaz Zahedifard ◽

Mohammad Taghikhani ◽

Eslamifar Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Mice Model

Download Full-text

Designing of a Novel Fusion Protein Vaccine Candidate Against Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Using Immunoinformatics and Structural Approaches

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics ◽

10.1007/s10989-021-10218-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Atapour ◽

Farideh Ghalamfarsa ◽

Samaneh Naderi ◽

Gholamreza Hatam

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

Download Full-text

Protection against Autoimmune Diabetes by Silkworm-Produced GFP-Tagged CTB-Insulin Fusion Protein

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2011/831704 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qiaohong Meng ◽

Wenfeng Wang ◽

Xiaowen Shi ◽

Yongfeng Jin ◽

Yaozhou Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fusion Protein ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Nod Mice ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Immunological Tolerance ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Green Fluorescent

In animals, oral administration of the cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit conjugated to the autoantigen insulin enhances the specific immune-unresponsive state. This is called oral tolerance and is capable of suppressing autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the process by which the CTB-insulin (CTB-INS) protein works as a therapy for T1Din vivoremains unclear. Here, we successfully expressed a green fluorescent protein- (GFP-) tagged CTB-Ins (CTB-Ins-GFP) fusion protein in silkworms in a pentameric form that retained the native ability to activate the mechanism. Oral administration of the CTB-Ins-GFP protein induced special tolerance, delayed the development of diabetic symptoms, and suppressed T1D onset in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Moreover, it increased the numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T regulatory (Treg) cells in peripheral lymph tissues and affected the biological activity of spleen cells. This study demonstrated that the CTB-Ins-GFP protein produced in silkworms acted as an oral protein vaccine, inducing immunological tolerance involving CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in treating T1D.

Download Full-text

Immune responses of B. malayi thioredoxin (TRX) and venom allergen homologue (VAH) chimeric multiple antigen for lymphatic filariasis

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-013-0160-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gandhirajan Anugraha ◽

Parasurama Jeyaprita ◽

Jayaprakasam Madhumathi ◽

Tamilvanan Sheeba ◽

Perumal Kaliraj

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Mice Model ◽

Vaccine Strategy ◽

Single Antigen ◽

High Level ◽

Venom Allergen Homologue ◽

Venom Allergen

AbstractAlthough multiple vaccine strategy for lymphatic filariasis has provided tremendous hope, the choice of antigens used in combination has determined its success in the previous studies. Multiple antigens comprising key vaccine candidates from different life cycle stages would provide a promising strategy if the antigenic combination is chosen by careful screening. In order to analyze one such combination, we have used a chimeric construct carrying the well studied B. malayi antigens thioredoxin (BmTRX) and venom allergen homologue (BmVAH) as a fusion protein (TV) and evaluated its immune responses in mice model. The efficacy of fusion protein vaccine was explored in comparison with the single antigen vaccines and their cocktail. In mice, TV induced significantly high antibody titer of 1,28,000 compared to cocktail vaccine TRX+VAH (50,000) and single antigen vaccine TRX (16,000) or VAH (50,000). Furthermore, TV elicited higher level of cellular proliferative response together with elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 indicating a Th1/Th2 balanced response. The isotype antibody profile showed significantly high level of IgG1 and IgG2b confirming the balanced response elicited by TV. Immunization with TV antigen induced high levels of both humoral and cellular immune responses compared to either cocktail or antigen given alone. The result suggests that TV is highly immunogenic in mice and hence the combination needs to be evaluated for its prophylactic potential.

Download Full-text

Infectious and Noninfectious Granulomatosis in Patient with Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Followup

Case Reports in Immunology ◽

10.1155/2014/876525 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jelena Paovic ◽

Predrag Paovic ◽

Vojislav Sredovic

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Immune System ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Neurological Manifestations ◽

Initial Attack ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Retrobulbar Neuritis ◽

Preoperative Procedures

Patient was followed up over the course of 30 years. In 1978, after severe systemic infection followed by fever, pulmonary edema, and numerous neurological manifestations, patient was differentially diagnosed with apoplectic form of multiple sclerosis (MS), which was confirmed a year later via neurological and MRI findings. Approximately 20 years following the initial attack, sarcoidosis was diagnosed during the regular preoperative procedures required for cataract surgery. As consequence of lower immune system, infectious granulomatosis in form of pulmonary tuberculosis developed. Ophthalmological findings revealed bilateral retrobulbar neuritis (RBN) approximately six years after initial attack. This developed into total uveitis with retinal periphlebitis and anterior granulomatous uveitis—all of which are clinically similar in both MS and sarcoidosis.

Download Full-text

Construction of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Strain Expressing VP1 Fusion Protein of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 and Evaluation of Its Immune Effect

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1479

Author(s):

Xiaoting Zhang ◽

Ruihua Zhang ◽

Jingyu Wang ◽

Nana Sui ◽

Guige Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Virus Type ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Duck Hepatitis

With the continuous development of duck farming and the increasing breeding density, the incidence of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) has been on the rise, seriously endangering the development of duck farming. To reduce the use of antibiotics in duck breeding, susceptibility risks and mortality, and avoid virulence recovery and immune failure risk, this study aims to develop a new type of mucosal immune probiotics and make full use of molecular biology techniques, on the level of genetic engineering, to modify Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). In this study, a secretory recombinant L. lactis named MG1363-VP1 with an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) and translation enhancer T7g10L was constructed, which could express the VP1-eGFP fusion protein of DHAV-1. The animal experiment in ducklings was performed to detect the immune response and protection effect of oral microecologics by recombinant L. lactis. The results showed that oral L. lactis MG1363-VP1 significantly induced the body’s humoral immune system and mucosal immune system to produce specific anti-VP1 IgG antibodies and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) for DHAV-1 in ducklings, and cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The mortality rate was monitored simultaneously by the natural infestation in the process of production and breeding; notably, the ducklings vaccinated with L. lactis MG1363-VP1 were effectively protected against the nature infection of DHAV-1. The recombinant L. lactis MG1363-VP1 constructed in this study provides a new means of preventing and controlling DHAV-1 infection in the future.

Download Full-text

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cytokine Storm Induced by Infectious Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222313009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 13009

Author(s):

Xi-Dian Tang ◽

Tian-Tian Ji ◽

Jia-Rui Dong ◽

Hao Feng ◽

Feng-Qiang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Targeted Therapies ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Targeted Treatment ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽

Circulating Cytokines

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine storm varying from disease to disease. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm induction and progression induced by pathogenic invasive infectious diseases. Strategies for targeted treatment of various types of infection-induced cytokine storms are described from both host and pathogen perspectives. In summary, current studies indicate that cytokine storm-targeted therapies can effectively alleviate tissue damage while promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. Based on this premise, “multi-omics” immune system profiling should facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate cytokine storms caused by various diseases.

Download Full-text