scholarly journals Transformation-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis impaired in competence-specific nuclease activities

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
J A Mulder ◽  
G Venema
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Defective Mutant ◽  
Mutant Strains

A comparison of the nucleolytic activities in competent and physiologically low-competent wild-type cultures of Bacillus subtilis in DNA-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels revealed the existence of three competence-associated nuclease activities with apparent molecular weights of 13,000, 15,000, and 26,000. The three activities, which were dependent on manganese or magnesium ions, were specifically present in the competent fraction of a competent culture. The competence-associated nucleolytic activities of eight transformation-defective mutant strains were assayed, resulting in the following three classes of mutants: (i) four strains which, according to this assay, were not impaired in any of the nucleolytic activities mentioned above; (ii) one strain which was strongly impaired in the 13,000- and 26,000-molecular-weight activities, but showed a considerable level of the 15,000-molecular-weight activity; and (iii) three strains which were severely impaired in all three activities. The results indicated that the 26,000-molecular-weight activity was a dimer of the 13,000-molecular-weight activity and that this nuclease was involved in the entry of DNA.

On the Evolution of an Oligocephalic Enzyme. Glutamine- Chorismate-Amidotransferase-Free Anthranilate Phosphoribosyltransferases from Mutant Strains of Salmonella typhimurium

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Grieshaber
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

(1) A procedure has been described for the purification of two glutamine-chorismate-amido- transferase-free anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferases from mutant strains TAX6trpR782 and trpAB1653trpR782 of Salmonella typhimurium.(2) The native enzymes tend to aggregate forming polymers of molecular weights 333,000 in the case of TAXtrpR782 and 220,000 and larger than 1X106 in the case of trpABI653trpR782. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the polymer of trpAB1653trpR782 dissociates into a single component with molecular weight of 72,000.(3) In contrast to anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase of the wild type component II, the glutamine-chorismate-amidotransferase-free proteins do not complex with component I. They do however show catalytical similarities with the wild type with respect to anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND REACTIVATION OF THE AXOSTYLE

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Mooseker ◽  
Lewis G. Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Cilia And Flagella ◽  
Triton X

The contractile axostyle is a ribbon-shaped organelle present in certain species of flagellates found in the hindgut of wood eating insects. This organelle propagates an undulatory wave whose motion, like flagella and cilia, is related to microtubules. Unlike the axoneme of cilia and flagella, however, the axostyle is composed of singlet microtubules linked together in parallel rows. Axostyles were isolated from Cryptocercus gut protozoa with Triton X-100. Normal motility of the isolated axostyle could be restored with adenosine triphosphate (ATP); the specific conditions necessary for this reactivation were essentially identical with those reported for the reactivation of isolated flagella or whole sperm. ATPase activity of the isolated axostyle was comparable to the values reported for ciliary or flagellar axonemes. The axostyle was reasonably specific for ATP. Most of the proteins of the isolated axostyle comigrated with proteins of the ciliary axoneme on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels (i e. equivalent molecular weights). These included the following: the higher molecular weight component of dynein, tubulin, linkage protein (nexin), and various secondary proteins. Evidence for dynein in the axostyle is presented and a model proposed to explain how repeated propagated waves can be generated.

Ubiquitin immunoreactivity shows several proteins varying with development and sporulation in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosaku Kanda ◽  
Nobuharu Tanaka ◽  
Tsuneo Takemaru
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Molecular Masses

Crude extracts of mycelia and basidiocarp primordia in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gels, and ubiquitin and several proteins were detected by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin antibody. The molecular masses of the proteins detected were 30 900, 28 600, 27 800, 26 300, 22 500, and 15 400 daltons, respectively. Relative levels of ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins were measured in different stages of development. The levels of ubiquitin and most of the ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins in basidiocarp primordium formation increased and in basidiocarp maturation decreased in cap and upper stipe, while in lower stipe became high except for the 27 800 dalton protein and ubiquitin. During sporulation, ubiquitin and all the ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins tended to decrease in the cap of the young wild-type basidiocarp. The levels of 30 900 and 15 400 dalton proteins increased transiently at 6–10 h after the beginning of the last light period, while ubiquitin decreased markedly. No correlation was observed between changes in levels of the ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins and the blocked stages in sporulation-deficient mutants.Key words: ubiquitin, development, sporulation, Coprinus.

scholarly journals The effect of cross-links on the mobility of proteins in dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gels

1972 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Method

The effect of reduction of intramolecular disulphide bridges on the mobility of proteins in 5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was investigated. A series of polypeptide polymers, containing up to 68 intramolecular disulphide bridges, was prepared by cross-linking proteins of known structure with glutaraldehyde. These model polypeptides were denatured with heat, sodium dodecyl sulphate and urea, and their mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gels compared before and after reduction with dithiothreitol. The mobilities of polypeptides containing no cystine were unaffected by reduction. However, reduction generally decreased the mobilities of polypeptides containing cystine; the extent of this decrease depended on the number of cystine residues originally present in the polypeptide polymer, and on the protein from which the latter was derived. In contrast with their higher oligomers, the monomer of lysozyme and the dimer of ribonuclease increased in mobility after reduction. The reduced polypeptide oligomers formed by reaction with glutaraldehyde were generally found to migrate at a rate significantly faster than was expected from their calculated molecular weights. It was concluded that the use of unreduced proteins and protein aggregates for molecular-weight measurements by the sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide-gel method may give erroneous estimates of the molecular weight of any protein being investigated.

scholarly journals Studies on the murine Ss protein. I. Purification, molecular weight, and subunit structure.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Capra ◽  
E S Vitetta ◽  
J Klein
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Disulfide Bridge ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate

The murine Ss protein has been isolated and purified. Using specific antisera, the radiolabeled protein has a mol wt of 120,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. It is composed of two basic subunits of 23,000 and 14,000 daltons. The smaller molecular weight subunit contains a single disulfide bridge, is devoid of carbohydrate, and may represent the murine equivalent of beta2-microglobulin.

Identification of the glpT -Encoded sn -Glycerol-3-Phosphate Permease of Escherichia coli , an Oligomeric Integral Membrane Protein

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1021
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Larson ◽  
Günter Schumacher ◽  
Winfried Boos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Active Transport System

A collection of hybrid plasmids carrying either the wild-type or mutated glpT gene was generated in vitro and used to characterize the glpT -dependent active transport system for sn -glycerol-3-phosphate in Escherichia coli K-12. Restriction endonuclease analysis and recloning of DNA fragments localized glpT to a 3-kilobase pair Pst I- Hpa I segment of DNA. Comparison of DNA carrying glpT-lacZ fusions with DNA carrying intact glpT allowed determination of the direction of transcription. Through characterization of the proteins synthesized by strains harboring hybrid plasmids carrying amber, missense, or deletion mutations in glpT , it was shown that glpT is a promoter-proximal gene in an operon consisting of at least two genes. The gene product of glpT , the sn -glycerol-3-phosphate permease, was found associated with the inner membrane. It could be solubilized by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50°C. Its molecular weight, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was dependent upon sample treatment before electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight was 44,000 when membrane fractions were heated to 50°C; subsequent treatment at 95°C modified the protein such that it migrated faster (apparent molecular weight = 33,000). Several missense mutations in glpT were negatively dominant over wild-type glpT , indicating that the active form of the permease is multimeric. A gene (named glpQ ) promoter distal to glpT codes for a periplasmic protein. This protein had previously been named GLPT protein to indicate its relationship to the glpT gene. The present report demonstrates that it is not the gene product of glpT and is not required for active transport of sn -glycerol-3-phosphate.

Electrophoretic analysis of Clostridium botulinum types A and B hemagglutinins

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 992-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti R. DasGupta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Type A ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Type B

The serologically related hemagglutinins of Clostridium botulinum types A and B were resolved into several bands in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Reduction of the samples with mercaptoethanol partly changed the band patterns, but with each hemaglutinin the two fastest moving bands in the reduced and unreduced samples were the same. In type A these two smallest units were of molecular weight 14 500 and 19 500; in type B they were of molecular weight 14 500 and 20 000. The experimentally determined molecular weight of the other resolved units agreed with those calculated on the basis that they were aggregations of the two smallest units in varying but whole multiples.

scholarly journals Identification of protein antigens of group B streptococci, with special reference to the Ibc antigens.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Russell-Jones ◽  
E C Gotschlich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Immunochemical Staining ◽  
Group B ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Acid Labile

The protein antigens of prototypes of five types of group B streptococcal strains were extracted with HCl or Triton X-100, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and examined by immunochemical staining. The Ibc proteins are shown to consist of at least two distinct protein antigens and their breakdown products. One antigen, the "beta" antigen, exists primarily as a 130,000 mol wt protein that is also able to bind human IgA. The "alpha" antigen, which has no known function, appears as a number of proteins of various molecular weights from 20,000 to 120,000. Another set of antigens, the R protein antigens of type III strains, has been identified as a group of acid-labile proteins varying in molecular weight from 100,000 to 130,000. In addition, two previously undescribed antigens have been found that are common to all five group B types.

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