scholarly journals Transmission of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) by Aphids in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou ◽  
Aristeidis P. Papapanagiotou ◽  
Panagiotis D. Mpenardis ◽  
Dionyssios Ch. Perdikis ◽  
George Menexes
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Probe Transmission ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Mass Inoculation

The aphid-transmitted Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV; Potyvirus, Potyviridae) is an emerging pathogen in cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean basin but information on its transmitting vector species is limited. This study aimed to record the competence of 22 species of the Greek aphid fauna to vector MWMV. Timed-probe transmission experiments and arena tests were performed using laboratory colonies of aphid species abundant in field surveys; less common species were tested as apterous individuals collected directly from field plants in mass-inoculation (nonpersistent) tests. Depending on the test, aphids were tested in cohorts of 10 or 20 individuals on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants and the frequency of transmission was calculated for a single aphid. Among 12 species tested in timed-probe transmission tests, Myzus persicae nicotianae (74.0%) appeared to be the most efficient vector, followed by M. persicae (48.0%), Aphis gossypii (11.8%), an unidentified Aphis sp. (11.8%), and A. spiraecola (11.0%). Alatae of nine species tested in arena tests transmitted the virus in rates varying from 0.7 to 53.6%; M. persicae was the most efficient species in virus spread. In mass-inoculation tests, the probability that apterae of 12 aphid species collected from field plants transmitted MWMV fluctuated from 0.3 to 5.3%. No transmission was obtained by Brevicoryne brassicae. The following species are reported as new vectors of MWMV: A. fabae, A. nerii, A. spiraephaga, A. umbrella, Capitophorus eleaegni, Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzocallis castanicola, Myzus persicae nicotianae, M. cerasi, M. varians, Phorodon humuli, Ovatus crataegarius, Takecallis arundicolens (first report in Greece), Uroleucon sonchi, and U. (Uromelan) aeneum. These results contribute to a better understanding of MWMV epidemiology.

A MILD CHLOROSIS VIRUS OF PHYSALIS FLORIDANA FOUND IN A TURNIP LATENT VIRUS COMPLEX

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Total Transmission ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Efficient Vector

Myzus persicae (Sulz.) transmitted a new virus to healthy Physalis floridana Rydb. from other P. floridana infected with a turnip latent virus complex. Symptoms were characterized by a chlorosis and sometimes cupping of only the lower leaves with slight stunting of plants. These symptoms could easily be mistaken for those incited by potato leaf roll virus but they were strikingly different from the yellow netting of plants infected with the turnip latent virus complex.In virus–vector studies with the new virus and M. persicae, an occasional aphid acquired the virus in 2 hours and 14% of infective insects transmitted it in 30 minutes. When acquisition and inoculation feedings were each increased to 48 hours, transmissions by single aphids of 70% and more were common. A few aphids transmitted the virus in a total transmission time of 30 hours, but most required 72 hours or longer to acquire, become infective, and transmit it.In comparative tests between the new virus and either potato leaf roll or the turnip latent complex, the new virus and potato leaf roll were recovered from plants 3 days after inoculation but the complex was not recovered for 14 days or longer. Of five aphid species tested, M. persicae was an efficient vector of all three viruses and the only species to transmit the new virus and the turnip latent complex. Plants infected with the new virus and showing symptoms were as easily infected with potato leaf roll as were comparable controls, but fewer of them became infected with the complex. The new virus and the complex were quite similar in host range, and susceptible plants were found in the Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, and Solanaceae.The new virus is called mild chlorosis virus of P. floridana.

scholarly journals Relative toxicity of some insecticides and azadirachtin against four crop infesting aphid species

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
Jesmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Residual Film ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Indirect application was used to assay the toxicity of five insecticides; viz. malathion, carbosulfan, cymbush, imidacloprid and azadirachtin against four important crop infesting aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), reared on bean, brinjal, potato and cauliflower plants respectively. Residual film technique was applied by bringing leaves with tested aphids of the vegetable plants in the laboratory. Malathion was the least toxic to all aphids having LC50 as 327.97, 333.92, 305.26 and 313.77 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, A. gossypii, M. persicae and M. persicae respectively. Cypermethrin was the most toxic showing LC50 as 12.55, 12.29, 12.55 and 12.10 μg cm-2 in the above mentioned species of aphid respectively. Carbosulfan and imidacloprid showed moderate toxicity. Azadirachtin as a natural plant origin insecticide proved to be the most toxic having LC50 as 0.41 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, 0.34 μg cm-2 for A. gossypii and 0.44 μg cm-2 for both M. persicae and L. erysimi. Key words: Insecticide, toxicity, azadirachtin, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi   doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1950 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 31-34

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Bottlenecks during Horizontal Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8345-8350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Hongye Li ◽  
William L. Schneider ◽  
Diana J. Sherman ◽  
Stewart Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

ABSTRACT Genetic bottlenecks may occur in virus populations when only a few individuals are transferred horizontally from one host to another, or when a viral population moves systemically from the infection site. Genetic bottlenecks during the systemic movement of an RNA plant virus population were reported previously (H. Li and M. J. Roossinck, J. Virol. 78:10582-10587, 2004). In this study we mechanically inoculated an artificial population consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker mutants of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) onto young leaves of squash plants and used two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, to transmit the virus populations from infected source plants to healthy squash plants. Horizontal transmission by aphids constituted a significant bottleneck, as the population in the aphid-inoculated plants contained far fewer mutants than the original inoculum source. Additional experiments demonstrated that genetic variation in the artificial population of CMV is not reduced during the acquisition of the virus but is significantly reduced during the inoculation period.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial progress of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Roger Yochiharu Kotsubo ◽  
Karina Silva dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Vitória Carolina Antunes Chaves ◽  
João Valdecir Casaroto Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Among the diseases that affect passion fruit, those causing fruit woodiness is considered the most important. Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is an important vírus that is transmitted by several aphid species during the bite, making the use of insecticides infeasible to control these vectors. In order to understand the epidemiological behavior of the disease, this study aimed to study the temporal progress and spatial pattern of CABMV in the field. Healthy seedlings of passion fruit with 2.0 meters height were implanted in the field condition at the experimental station of the IDR-Paraná, Brazil. The evaluations were performed weekly observing the symptoms of blister, mosaic, chlorosis and crinkled leaves. For the analyses, the logistic, gompertz and monomolecular models were adjusted to CABMV incidence data in passion fruit. The spatial pattern of the disease was characterized by the dispersion index and Taylor's Power Law. The logistic model was the one that best described the progress in the incidence of the disease. The incidence progress rate of CABMV was 0.037, 0.077 and 0.060 % day-1. At the beginning of the epidemic, the pattern was random. The initial dispersion mechanism was occured through aphid vectors, como Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis solanella Theobald, Toxoptera citricida Kilkaldy, Uroleucon ambrosiae Thomas and Uroleucon sonchi L. infected with CABMV that starts its test bite randomly. The pattern of disease dispersion began to be added when the incidence of plants reached 10 and 7%, in the 2015/16 and 2017/18 harvests, respectively. The random spatial pattern suggested that infected aphids enter several points of the orchard and infected plants become a source for secondary infections, characterizing aggregate pattern. Thus, the eradication of alternative hosts abroad can be adopted as management strategies of CABMV

scholarly journals First Report of Transmission of Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus by Aphis glycines in the New World

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hill ◽  
R. Alleman ◽  
D. B. Hogg ◽  
C. R. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Efficient Vector

The recent discovery of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura, in the North Central region of the United States is significant because it is the first time that a soybean-colonizing aphid has been detected in the New World. Although the aphid has the potential to cause physiological loss of up to 52% on soybeans (4), it can also transmit Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Transmission of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has not been reported. SMV, and less commonly AMV, are found in soybeans in the North Central states and are transmitted by numerous aphids in a nonpersistent manner (2; Grau, unpublished). For SMV, potential exists for specificity of transmission between virus strain and aphid species (3). For these reasons, it was important to determine if an endemic isolate of these viruses could be transmitted by this introduced species of aphid in the North Central region. Transmission experiments were conducted as described (3), using 3, 5, and 10 aphids per plant. Ten plants of the soybean cultivar Williams 82 were used for each treatment. To preclude confounding results by possible seed transmission, plants used in all tests were grown from seeds harvested from virus-indexed plants grown in the greenhouse. For experiments involving SMV, the aphid-transmissible field isolate Al5 (GeneBank Accession no. AF242844) and, as a negative control, the non-aphid transmissible isolate N (GeneBank Accession no. D500507) were used. For experiments involving AMV, a field isolate of AMV, confirmed by ELISA and host range, was used. The aphid species Myzus persicae was maintained on broad bean and A. glycines was maintained on virus-free soybean. The protocol for transmission studies of AMV was identical to that used in the SMV study, except only A. glycines was tested. For experiments, plants were periodically observed for symptom development and tested by ELISA 4 to 5 weeks after inoculation access. No transmission of SMV-N occurred in any tests, which together involved 180 aphids each of M. persicae or A. glycines. For the Al5 isolate, transmission efficiencies of 30, 50, and 50% were obtained with 3, 5, and 10 individuals, respectively, of M. persicae per plant. Efficiencies for A. glycines were 30, 40, and 40%. Transmission levels by the two aphid species did not differ significantly (t-test, P = 0.01). For AMV, corresponding transmission efficiencies were 0, 0, and 20%. The data suggest that the introduced A. glycines can be an efficient vector of SMV, but a less efficient vector of AMV, in the North Central region. Transmission of AMV by M. persicae has been documented (1) but was not examined in this study. Transmission of SMV and AMV by A. glycines is of concern because it may increase SMV and AMV incidence. With the recent outbreak of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in the region, the potential for synergism of SMV and BPMV is increased (2). References: (1) M. B. Castillo and G. G. Orlob. Phytopathology 56:1028, 1966. (2) G. L. Hartman et al., eds. 1999. Compendium of Soybean Diseases, 4th Ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) B. S. Lucas and J. H. Hill. Phytopathol. Z. 99:47, 1980. (4) C. L. Wang et al. Plant Prot. 20:12, 1994.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
W. M. Sackett ◽  
T. Butzler ◽  
B. A. Nault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Virus Complex

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

scholarly journals Aphididae (Hemiptera) procedentes del valle de Ica-Perú

Biotempo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Menandro S. Ortiz ◽  
Cecilia R. Escajadillo ◽  
Verónica E. Rubin de Celis
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Hyalopterus Pruni ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Toxoptera Aurantii ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Aphis Citricola

Se reportan las siguientes especies procedentes del valle de Ica: Aphis citricola Van der Goot, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), Uroleucon (Lambersius) erigeronensis (Thomas) y Wahlgreniella nervata (Gillette).

scholarly journals Ability of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae to Transmit Cucumber mosaic virus in Single and Mixed Infection with Two Potyviruses to Zucchini Squash

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayame Vegette Pinto ◽  
Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende ◽  
Valdir Atsushi Yuki ◽  
Sônia Maria de Stefano Piedade
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

The main objective of this work was to investigate the ability of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae to transmit Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) singly and mixed with two potyviruses (Papaya ringspot virus - type W, PRSV-W and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV), to zucchini squash plants (Cucurbita pepo). The results showed that the potyviruses in general were more efficiently transmitted by both species of aphids as compared to CMV. The transmission of PRSV-W, ZYMV and CMV separately was more efficient than in mixture.

Incidence of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Associated Potyviruses in Summer Squash in Arkansas

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hander ◽  
P. J. McLeod ◽  
H. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
South Central ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Marketable Fruit

A field study conducted in two Arkansas locations determined that five aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were associated with yellow summer squash, Cucurbita pepo, L. Each aphid species vectors potyviruses of cucurbits. Although aphids were readily trapped with water and sticky flag traps, few aphids were observed on plants, and no vigorous aphid colonies were detected. In south central Arkansas (Benton), no virus-infected plants were observed in early plantings. Watermelon mosaic virus was detected in late squash plantings at Benton and varied from 0 to 23.2% of the total plants. In western Arkansas (Mulberry), papaya ringspot virus rapidly infected summer squash and resulted in complete loss of marketable fruit. The rapid and severe infection was attributed to close proximity of an infected squash planting.

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