scholarly journals Microbial Functional Responses Explain Alpine Soil Carbon Fluxes under Future Climate Scenarios

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Qi ◽  
Yue Haowei ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
Joy D. Van Nostrand ◽  
Linwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Alpine Grasslands

ABSTRACT Soil microorganisms are sensitive to temperature in cold ecosystems, but it remains unclear how microbial responses are modulated by other important climate drivers, such as precipitation changes. Here, we examine the effects of six in situ warming and/or precipitation treatments in alpine grasslands on microbial communities, plants, and soil carbon fluxes. These treatments differentially affected soil carbon fluxes, gross primary production, and microbial communities. Variations of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes across all sites significantly (r > 0.70, P < 0.050) correlated with relevant microbial functional abundances but not bacterial or fungal abundances. Given tight linkages between microbial functional traits and ecosystem functionality, we conclude that future soil carbon fluxes in alpine grasslands can be predicted by microbial carbon-degrading capacities. IMPORTANCE The warming pace in the Tibetan Plateau, which is predominantly occupied by grassland ecosystems, has been 0.2°C per decade in recent years, dwarfing the rate of global warming by a factor of 2. Many Earth system models project substantial carbon sequestration in Tibet, which has been observed. Here, we analyzed microbial communities under projected climate changes by 2100. As the soil “carbon pump,” the growth and activity of microorganisms can largely influence soil carbon dynamics. However, microbial gene response to future climate scenarios is still obscure. We showed that the abundances of microbial functional genes, but not microbial taxonomy, were correlated with carbon fluxes and ecosystem multifunctionality. By identifying microbial traits linking to ecosystem functioning, our results can guide the assessment of future soil carbon fluxes in alpine grasslands, a critical step toward mitigating climate changes.

scholarly journals Genetic functional potential displays minor importance in explaining spatial variability of methane fluxes within a Eriophorum vaginatum dominated Swedish peatland

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Dawson White ◽  
Lena Ström ◽  
Veiko Lehsten ◽  
Janne Rinne ◽  
Dag Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Functional Potential

Abstract. Microbial communities of methane (CH4) producing methanogens and consuming methanotrophs play an important role for Earth's atmospheric CH4 budget. Despite their global significance, knowledge on how much they control the spatial variation in CH4 fluxes from peatlands is poorly understood. We studied variation in CH4 producing and consuming communities in a natural peatland dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, via a metagenomics approach using custom designed hybridization-based oligonucleotide probes to focus on taxa and functions associated with methane cycling. We hypothesized that sites with different magnitudes of methane flux are occupied by structurally and functionally different microbial communities, despite the dominance of a single vascular plant species. To investigate this, nine plant-peat mesocosms dominated by the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum, with varying vegetation coverage, were collected from a temperate natural wetland and subjected to a simulated growing season. During the simulated growing season, measurements of CH4 emission, carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and δ13C signature of emitted CH4 were made. Mesocosms 1 through 9 were classified into three categories according to the magnitude of CH4 flux. Gross primary production and ecosystem respiration followed the same pattern as CH4 fluxes, but this trend was not observed in net ecosystem exchange. We observed that genetic functional potential was of minor importance in explaining spatial variability of CH4 fluxes with only small shifts in taxonomic community and functional genes. In addition, a higher β-diversity was observed in samples with high CH4 emission. Among methanogens, Methanoregula, made up over 50 % of the community composition. This, in combination with the remaining hydrogenotrophic methanogens matched the δ13C isotopic signature of emitted CH4. However, the presence of acetoclastic and methylotrophic taxa and type I, II and Verrucomicrobia methanotrophs indicates that the microbial community holds the ability to produce and consume CH4 in multiple ways. This is important in terms of future climate scenarios, where peatlands are expected to alter in nutrient status, hydrology, and peat biochemistry. Due to the high functional potential, we expect the community to be highly adaptive to future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Estimation of Watershed Hydrochemical Responses to Future Climate Changes Based on CMIP6 Scenarios in the Tianhe River (China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10102
Author(s):  
Jian Sha ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Jingjing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Hydrochemical Processes

The impacts of future climate changes on watershed hydrochemical processes were assessed based on the newest Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in the Tianhe River in the middle area of China. The monthly spatial downscaled outputs of General Circulation Models (GCMs) were used, and a new Python procedure was developed to batch pick up site-scale climate change information. A combined modeling approach was proposed to estimate the responses of the streamflow and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) fluxes to four climate change scenarios during four future periods. The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) was used to generate synthetic daily weather series, which were further used in the Regional Nutrient Management (ReNuMa) model for scenario analyses of watershed hydrochemical process responses. The results showed that there would be 2–3% decreases in annual streamflow by the end of this century for most scenarios except SSP 1-26. More streamflow is expected in the summer months, responding to most climate change scenarios. The annual TDN fluxes would continue to increase in the future under the uncontrolled climate scenarios, with more non-point source contributions during the high-flow periods in the summer. The intensities of the TDN flux increasing under the emission-controlled climate scenarios would be relatively moderate, with a turning point around the 2070s, indicating that positive climate policies could be effective for mitigating the impacts of future climate changes on watershed hydrochemical processes.

scholarly journals Vertical patterns of soil carbon, nitrogen and carbon: nitrogen stoichiometry in Tibetan grasslands

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Yang ◽  
J. Y. Fang ◽  
D. L. Guo ◽  
C. J. Ji ◽  
W. H. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Nitrogen Coupling ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Vertical patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and C:N stoichiometry are crucial for understanding biogeochemical cycles in high-altitude ecosystems, but remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated vertical distributions of SOC and TN as well as their stoichiometric relationships in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau using data of 405 profiles surveyed from 135 sites across the plateau during 2001–2004. Our results showed that, both SOC and TN in alpine grasslands decreased with soil depth, while C:N ratio did not exhibit significant change along soil profile. The associations of SOC and TN content (amount per area) with environmental factors diminished with soil depth. Soil carbon content was nearly proportional to nitrogen content with a slope of 1.04 across various various grassland types. The slope did not differ significantly between alpine steppe and alpine meadow or between alpine grasslands and global ecosystems, and also did not reveal significant differences among various soil depth intervals, suggesting that soil carbon-nitrogen coupling is irrespective of ecosystem types and soil depths.

scholarly journals Observing the past to better understand the future: a synthesis of the Neogene climate in Europe and its perspectives on present climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo A. Prista ◽  
Rui J. Agostinho ◽  
Mário A. Cachão
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Warming Scenario ◽  
The Past ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA review of the entire Neogene climate in Europe is a useful tool for climate researchers, synthesizing present day knowledge on a variety of past warmer climate modes thus facilitating the debate regarding possible future climate scenarios in the Old Continent. This work centres on the European scenario, debating possible future projections and describing the Miocene and Pliocene climate in the Old Continent. With present evidences of a global warming scenario, it is highly important that we look at past climatic events in order to better predict future climate changes impact in biodiversity. The review presented here synthesizes the literature regarding climate, faunal and floral evolution for the European Neogene, and aims to help palaeoclimatic researchers and climatologists to characterize some of the boundary conditions for modelling possible analogous of IPPC climate scenarios. If the future climate projections come to be true, it is shown that the Pliocene, and particularly the Mid Piacenzian Warm Period, should be considered as the best analogue for the impact of a warming climate in Europe.

Climate changes and Dynamics of the Agricultural Productions in the Mediterranean Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Lamonaca ◽  
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

&lt;p&gt;Climate change has the potential to impact the agricultural sector. The impacts of climate change are likely to differ across producing regions of agricultural produce. Future climate scenarios may push some regions into climatic regimes favourable to agricultural production, with potential changes in areas planted with typical Mediterranean products. We examine which is the linkage between climate change and productivity levels in the selected agricultural sectors. Within the framework of agricultural supply response, we assume that acreage and yield are a function of climate change. We find that yield is affected by changes in temperatures and precipitations, with heterogeneous impacts. Acreage is also affected. The impacts vary across Mediterranean Regions, due to different specialisation and to the heterogeneity in climate between them.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Increased likelihood of heat-induced large wildfires in the Mediterranean Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ruffault ◽  
T Curt ◽  
V Moron ◽  
RM Trigo ◽  
F Mouillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractWildfire activity is expected to increase across the Mediterranean Basin because of climate change. However, the effects of future climate changes on the combinations of atmospheric conditions that promote large wildfires remain largely unknown. Using a fire-weather based classification of wildfires, we show that future climate scenarios point to an increase in the frequency and severity of two heat-induced fire-weather types that have been responsible for a majority of record-breaking wildfire events. Heat-induced fire-weather types are characterized by compound dry warm conditions and occur in the summer during heatwaves, either under moderate (sudden heatwave type) or intense (hot drought type) drought. Heat-induced fire weather is projected to increase in frequency by 14% by the end of the century (2071-2100) under the RCP4.5 scenario, and by 30% under the RCP8.5. These findings suggest that the frequency and extent of large wildfires will increase throughout the Mediterranean Basin, with far-reaching impacts.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Influence of Climate Change on Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Baker Habitat Distribution on the Tibetan Plateau Using Maximum Entropy Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Fumei Xin ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Liming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo River ◽  
Sophora Moorcroftiana

The ecosystems across the Tibetan Plateau are changing rapidly in response to climate change, which poses unprecedented challenges for the control and mitigation of desertification on the Tibetan Plateau. Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Baker is a drought-resistant plant species that has great potential to be used for desertification and soil degradation control on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche model, we characterized the habitat distribution of S. moorcroftiana on the Tibetan Plateau under both current and future climate scenarios. To construct a robust model, 242 population occurrence records, gathered from our field surveys, historical data records, and a literature review, were used to calibrate the MaxEnt model. Our results showed that, under current environmental conditions, the habitat of S. moorcroftiana was concentrated in regions along the Yarlung Tsangpo, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers on the Tibetan Plateau. Elevation, isothermality, and minimal air temperature of the coldest month played a dominant role in determining the habitat distribution of S. moorcroftiana. Under future climate scenarios, the increased air temperature was likely to benefit the expansion of S. moorcroftiana over the short term, but, in the long run, continued warming may restrict the growth of S. moorcroftiana and lead to a contraction in its habitat. Importantly, the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley was found to be the core habitat of S. moorcroftiana, and this habitat moved westwards along the Yarlung Tsangpo River under future climate scenarios, but did not detach from it. This finding suggests that, with the current pace of climate change, an increase in efforts to protect and cultivate S. moorcroftiana is necessary and critical to control desertification on the Tibetan Plateau.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document