scholarly journals Ecological Genomics of Marine Picocyanobacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Scanlan ◽  
M. Ostrowski ◽  
S. Mazard ◽  
A. Dufresne ◽  
L. Garczarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Marine Microbes ◽  
Ecological Genomics ◽  
Latitudinal Belt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Photosynthetic Organism

SUMMARY Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus numerically dominate the picophytoplankton of the world ocean, making a key contribution to global primary production. Prochlorococcus was isolated around 20 years ago and is probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. The genus comprises specific ecotypes which are phylogenetically distinct and differ markedly in their photophysiology, allowing growth over a broad range of light and nutrient conditions within the 45°N to 40°S latitudinal belt that they occupy. Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are closely related, together forming a discrete picophytoplankton clade, but are distinguishable by their possession of dissimilar light-harvesting apparatuses and differences in cell size and elemental composition. Synechococcus strains have a ubiquitous oceanic distribution compared to that of Prochlorococcus strains and are characterized by phylogenetically discrete lineages with a wide range of pigmentation. In this review, we put our current knowledge of marine picocyanobacterial genomics into an environmental context and present previously unpublished genomic information arising from extensive genomic comparisons in order to provide insights into the adaptations of these marine microbes to their environment and how they are reflected at the genomic level.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Impact of Myocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Ainoosh Golpour ◽  
Dimitri Patriki ◽  
Paul J. Hanson ◽  
Bruce McManus ◽  
Bettina Heidecker
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle with a wide range of potential etiological factors and consequently varying clinical patterns across the world. In this review, we address the epidemiology of myocarditis. Myocarditis was considered a rare disease until intensified research efforts in recent decades revealed its true epidemiological importance. While it remains a challenge to determine the true prevalence of myocarditis, studies are underway to obtain better approximations of the proportions of this disease. Nowadays, the prevalence of myocarditis has been reported from 10.2 to 105.6 per 100,000 worldwide, and its annual occurrence is estimated at about 1.8 million cases. This wide range of reported cases reflects the uncertainty surrounding the true prevalence and a potential underdiagnosis of this disease. Since myocarditis continues to be a significant public health issue, particularly in young adults in whom myocarditis is among the most common causes of sudden cardiac death, improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are necessary. This manuscript aims to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of myocarditis, new diagnostic approaches and the current epidemiological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Ancestors under a Molecular Scope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maram Adel Abdelghany ◽  
Sarah Abdullah Gozai Alghamdi ◽  
Jehane Ibrahim Eid
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shed Light

The Pandemic of COVID-19 has been thoroughly followed and discussed on many levels due to the high level of attention that it has brought by its effect on the world. While this disease might seem like to arise out of the blue, we will shed light on COVID-19 disease which is caused by the virus SARS-CoV2 and belong to family of coronaviruses. We will discuss current knowledge about SARS-CoV2 emergence, diagnosis, its mode of action, and genomic information, For an antiviral treatment to be used, it should be preceded by a foundation of information about the virus genome and its family as discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Sterols Biosynthesis in Algae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes ◽  
Roger Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Acid Pathway

Sterols are secondary metabolites, they are considered bioactive, due to their recognized activity as antioxidants, anticarcinogenic, cardiovascular protectors, and antiviral capacity. These triterpenoids can be found in a wide range of concentrations in different algae strains, being the variations related to external factors. In the world, there are millions of algae, some strains have the ability to produce high-value phytosterols, like stigmasterol, and sitosterol, however, others could lead to cholesterol production. For this reason, understand the principal factors involved in sterols biosynthesis, allows us to appoint the algae strain for industrial application and escalating these specific compounds production. Some algae are capable to produce sterols from mevalonic acid pathway, other strains present the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), or 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) as the main pathway, each one is responsible for the production of plans of intermediary compounds. In this sense, this chapter summarizes current knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways responsible for different sterols formation, as well as, describe main sterols that could be isolated from algae metabolism.

scholarly journals Russian oceanology and prospects of development of bioresources of the world ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Matishov ◽  
K. D. Matishov ◽  
E. A. Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

The author analyzes the current problems of providing research conducted by Russian scientists and oceanographers. Along with the retrospective, the prospects for the development of biological resources of world oceans are outlined. It is noted that it will be difficult to solve a wide range of problems associated with the presence of Russia in the world oceans, as well as food security of the country, without a modern marine scientific and fishing fleet.

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

Creative Strategy Used in Electronic Advertising

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Mustafa Omer Abdalaziz
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Electronic Advertising

The study aims at the technological developments that are taking place in the world and have impacted on all sectors and fields and imposed on the business organizations and commercial companies to carry out their marketing and promotional activities within the electronic environment. The most prominent of these developments is the emergence of the concept of electronic advertising which opened a wide range of companies and businessmen to advertise And to promote their products and their work easily through the Internet, which has become full of electronic advertising, and in light of that will discuss the creative strategy used in electronic advertising;

ON EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THERMAL AND WIND FACTORS FOR A PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE WORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The main content of the work consists of certain systematization and addition of longexisting, but eventually deformed and partly lost qualitative ideas about the role of thermal and wind factors that determine the physical mechanism of the World Ocean’s General Circulation System (OGCS). It is noted that the conceptual foundations of the theory of the OGCS in one form or another are contained in the works of many well-known hydrophysicists of the last century, but the aggregate, logically coherent description of the key factors determining the physical model of the OGCS in the public literature is not so easy to find. An attempt is made to clarify and concretize some general ideas about the two key blocks that form the basis of an adequate physical model of the system of oceanic water masses motion in a climatic scale. Attention is drawn to the fact that when analyzing the OGCS it is necessary to take into account not only immediate but also indirect effects of thermal and wind factors on the ocean surface. In conclusion, it is noted that, in the end, by the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the ocean can be explained the nature of both external and almost all internal factors, in one way or another contributing to the excitation of the general, or climatic, ocean circulation.

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