ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ON STREAM WATER QUALITY BY MULTIPLE APPROACHES AT THE GROUNDWATER-SURFACE WATER INTERFACE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul L. Bjerg ◽  
◽  
Vinni Rønde ◽  
Nicola Balbarini ◽  
Anne Th. Sonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

Baseflow contribution to nitrates in an urban stream in Daejeon, Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3216-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kim ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
Y. Lim ◽  
M. Jung ◽  
D. Kong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

It is a well-known fact that baseflow discharge of rainfall runoff significantly impacts the quality of surface water. In this paper, the impact of nitrates discharged as baseflow on stream water quality were studied using PULSE, a hydrograph separation software developed by USGS, to calculate the monthly baseflow discharge. We took water quality and flow rate data from a monitoring station site (code: Ghapcehon2) in Daejeon city and acquired 2005 groundwater quality data in the watershed from government agencies. Agricultural and forestry land use are dominant in the area. The baseflow contributes 85%–95% of stream flows during the spring and fall, 25%–38% during the summer and winter. The monthly nitrate loading discharged as baseflow for Ghapcheon2 was estimated by using monitored nitrate concentrations of groundwater in the watershed. Nitrate loading induced by baseflow at Ghapcheon2 was estimated as 5.4 tons of NO3−-N/km2, which is about 60% of nitrate loading of surface water, or 9.2 tons of NO3−-N/km2. This study shows that groundwater quality monitoring is important for proper management of surface water quality.

scholarly journals The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neal ◽  
B. Reynolds ◽  
M. Neal ◽  
H. Wickham ◽  
L. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Results for long term water quality monitoring are described for the headwaters of the principal headwater stream of the River Severn, the Afon Hafren. The results are linked to within-catchment information to describe the influence of conifer harvesting on stream and shallow groundwater quality. A 19-year record of water quality data for the Hafren (a partially spruce forested catchment with podzolic soil) shows the classic patterns of hydrochemical change in relation to concentration and flow responses for upland forested systems. Progressive felling of almost two-thirds of the forest over the period of study resulted in little impact from harvesting and replanting in relation to stream water quality. However, at the local scale, a six years’ study of felling indicated significant release of nitrate into both surface and groundwater; this persisted for two or three years before declining. The study has shown two important features. Firstly, phased felling has led to minimal impacts on stream water. This contrasts with the results of an experimental clear fell for the adjacent catchment of the Afon Hore where a distinct water quality deterioration was observed for a few years. Secondly, there are localised zones with varying hydrology that link to groundwater sources with fracture flow properties. This variability makes extrapolation to the catchment scale difficult without very extensive monitoring. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to strong support for the use of phased felling-based management of catchments and the complexities of within catchment processes. Keywords: deforestation, water quality, acidification, pH, nitrate, alkalinity, ANC, aluminium, dissolved organic carbon, Plynlimon, forest, spruce, Afon Hafren, podzol

scholarly journals An analysis of the long-term variation in stream water quality for three upland catchments at Loch Dee (Galloway, S.W. Scotland) under contrasting land management

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Langan ◽  
D. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A long term record of water chemistry, consisting of twenty years of weekly spot samples, from three sub-catchments draining into a loch and the loch outflow in Galloway, S.W. Scotland have been analysed. The analysis undertaken consisted of a three component statistical trend model. The technique allows the identification of long-term, seasonal and short-term trends, as well as differentiation between base flow and high flow responses. The land usage in the three sub-catchments is moorland, forest and forest plus lime. The results show that, since the mid-1980s, there has been a gradual decline in stream-water sulphate of the same order as reductions in the deposition of non-marine sulphate. Superimposed on this trend are somewhat random but considerable perturbations to this decline, caused by sea-salt deposition. There is no evidence of changes in surface water nitrate concentrations. The influence of different land management is evident in the sulphate, nitrate and pH data, whilst variations in calcium concentrations are also a product of differences in hydrological routing and the impact of sea-salt episodes. Keywords: trend analysis, acid deposition, land management, water quality, sea-salts, Galloway, S.W. Scotland

scholarly journals Linkage Between In-Stream Total Phosphorus and Land Cover in Chugoku District, Japan: An Ann Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Amiri ◽  
K. Sudheer ◽  
Nicola Fohrer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

Linkage Between In-Stream Total Phosphorus and Land Cover in Chugoku District, Japan: An Ann ApproachDevelopment of any area often leads to more intensive land use and increase in the generation of pollutants. Modeling these changes is critical to evaluate emerging changes in land use and their effect on stream water quality. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of spatial patterns in land use and population density on the water quality of streams, in case of data scarcity, in the Chugoku district of Japan. The study employed artificial neural network (ANN) technique to assess the relationship between the total phosphorous (TP) in river water and the land use in 21 river basins in the district, and the model was able to reasonably estimate the TP in the stream water. Uncertainty analysis of ANN estimates was performed using the Monte Carlo framework, and the results indicated that the ANN model predictions are statistically similar to the characteristics of the measured TP values. It was observed that any reduction in forested area or increase in agricultural land in the watersheds may cause the increase of TP concentration in the stream. Therefore, appropriate watershed management practices should be followed before making any land use change in the Chugoku district.

scholarly journals Investigation of correlation between surface runoff rate and stream water quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunsook Jang ◽  
Hyunseo Ji ◽  
Jiyong Choi ◽  
Kyo Suh ◽  
Hakkwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between stream water quality and the surface runoff rate defined as the ratio of annual surface runoff to annual average precipitation. The surface runoff rate was first estimated in the Han River basin located in South Korea using the calibrated and validated HSPF model. Then a linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between the computed surface runoff rate and the observed water quality. It was found that there were statistically significant relationships between the surface runoff rate and concentrations of BOD, COD, and T-P and higher surface runoff rate led to the deterioration of water quality in streams. Finally, the applicability of the surface runoff rate as an indicator to measure the impact of land development on stream water quality was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the surface runoff rate could be utilized as a useful indicator to illustrate the degradation of stream water quality at the watershed scale. The results from this study also suggest that the surface runoff rate needs to be managed and controlled within about 15% to prevent the degradation of stream water quality.

scholarly journals Surface water quality in the Mastnik stream catchment area: The situation in the Czech countryside

Geografie ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-505
Author(s):  
Luboš Mrkva ◽  
Bohumír Janský
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Despite major investments into the remediation of wastewater, and the reduction of fertilizers, the quality of small river surface water in agricultural and rural regions of Czechia is still very low. The Mastník stream flows through an agricultural area before combining with the Vltava river; a portion of the Mastník stream water inevitably terminates in the Slapy Reservoir. The quality of the water has been analyzed using data from indicator concentrations from both the Vltava River Basin Authority study profiles, and the author’s monitoring profile. The data show that the steps that have been taken – primarily the construction of wastewater treatment plants – have led to a gradual improvement in the surface water quality by some parameters. Presently, a growing concentration of chlorophyll–α and a lack of dissolved oxygen are influencing the final quality of the water. In the case of the Mastník stream, it is particularly necessary to improve the remediation of wastewater from small households, and to reduce the impact of water erosion on agricultural soil.

De Minimis Approach for Meeting Anti-Degradation to Address Water Quality Issues With Respect to NPDES Discharges From New GTCC Plants

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik D. White ◽  
Robin A. Semer ◽  
David C. Scharre ◽  
Neil B. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Permit Application ◽  
Pollutant Discharge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Uses

States are required to develop and adopt anti-degradation policies and implementation procedures pursuant to federal regulations [1] to protect existing in stream water quality and water uses. States are requiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) dischargers from new sources, which could result in lowering of existing water quality, to perform an anti-degradation demonstration as part of the NPDES permit application process. These evaluations are appropriate where a proposed discharge may have a significant adverse impact on water quality. However, they are an unnecessary burden on both the permit applicant and the reviewing agency where the proposed discharge is minor relative to existing water quality. Therefore, de minimis evaluations provide a technical approach that States can use to avoid the need for, or limit the scope of, anti-degradation demonstrations where the impact at the proposed discharge is minor. This paper provides a de minimis evaluation approach for addressing anti-degradation as part of an NPDES permit application process. The approach, which ascertains what conditions would or would not constitute a “de minimis lowering of water quality,” was recently used in support of a new combined-cycle power plant in one of the central states.

scholarly journals The Role of Landscape Configuration, Season, and Distance from Contaminant Sources on the Degradation of Stream Water Quality in Urban Catchments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Pinheiro Fernandes ◽  
Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes ◽  
Rui Manuel Vitor Cortes ◽  
Fernando António Leal Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Contaminant Sources ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

Water resources are threatened by many pollution sources. The harmful effects of pollution can be evaluated through biological indicators capable of tracing problems in life forms caused by the contaminants discharged into the streams. In the present study, the effects on stream water quality of landscape configuration, season, and distance from contaminant emissions of diffuse and point sources were accessed through the evaluation of a Portuguese macroinvertebrate index (IPtIN) in 12 observation points distributed within the studied area (Ave River Basin, Portugal). Partial least-squares path models (PLS-PMs) were used to set up cause–effect relationships between this index, various metrics adapted to forest, agriculture, and artificial areas, and the aforementioned emissions, considering 13 distances from the contaminant sources ranging from 100 m to 56 km. The PLS-PM models were applied to summer and winter data to explore seasonality effects. The results of PLS-PM exposed significant scale and seasonal effects. The harmful effects of artificial areas were visible for distances larger than 10 km. The impact of agriculture was also distance related, but in summer this influence was more evident. The forested areas could hold onto contamination mainly in the winter periods. The impact of diffuse contaminant emissions was stronger during summer, when accessed on a short distance. The impact of effluent discharges was small, compared to the influence of landscape metrics, and had a limited statistical significance. Overall, the PLS-PM results evidenced significant cause–effect relationships between land use metrics and stream water quality at 10 km or larger scales, regardless of the season. This result is valid for the studied catchment, but transposition to other similar catchments needs to be carefully verified given the limited, though available, number of observation points.

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