Ecological and Geochemical Assessment of the Chemical Composition of Drinking Waters of Bryansk Oblast with Application to Increased Risk of Thyroid Gland Diseases

Objectives The outcome of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroid cats is suspected to be influenced by multiple factors. The degree of activity of the thyroid gland, represented by uptake of sodium pertechnetate or tracer activities of radioiodine by the thyroid gland on thyroid scintigraphy, has been suggested in the literature as one of those. Thyroid gland pertechnetate uptake can be represented by (semi-)quantitative factors such as the thyroid to salivary gland (T/S) ratio, the thyroid to background (T/B) ratio and the percentage technetium uptake by the thyroid glands (%TcU). The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between these thyroid scan parameters and radioiodine therapy outcome. Methods Sodium pertechnetate thyroid scans of 75 hyperthyroid cats were retrospectively evaluated and statistical analysis was performed with and without correction for injected radioiodine activity. Three different background regions of interest (ROIs) were used to calculate the T/B ratio and %TcU: ‘neck’, ‘circle’ and ‘copy ROI’. Results Higher T/S ratios were found to be significantly related to a persistent hyperthyroid outcome in both analyses. For the T/S ratio, a threshold value of 5.4 was determined, with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 59%. An increased risk for persistent hyperthyroidism compared with a final euthyroid outcome with an increased T/Bcircle ratio was only found to be significant without correction for the activity of radioiodine administered. For the %TcU no statistical significance was reached. Regarding a low total thyroxine outcome, no significant relationships with any of the investigated parameters were found. Conclusions and relevance The findings of this study suggest that semi-quantification of thyroid gland uptake is best performed using the T/S ratio. A T/S ratio ⩾5.4 is a possible indicator for an increased risk of persistent hyperthyroidism.

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Association of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and virulence markers in Escherichia coli isolated from water

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2012.153 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 288-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nuno Mendonça ◽

Joana Ramalho ◽

Pedro Vieira ◽

Gabriela Jorge Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Quinolone Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Potential Pathogen ◽

Microbiological Water Quality

This work aimed to investigate the association of the carriage of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, the virulence potential encoded in pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and the phylogenetic background in Escherichia coli strains isolated from waters of diverse origin. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the disc diffusion method. Screening for PMQR (qnr, aac(6′)-Ib-variant and qepA) genes, PAIs and the determination of phylogroup was performed by PCR. Nineteen percent of strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, 11% to ciprofloxacin and 5% to gentamicin. qnrA was the only PMQR detected in 16% of strains, susceptible to quinolones and grouped in phylogenetic lineage B1. Sixty-seven percent of the isolates were assigned to the less-virulent groups A and B1. PAIs IV536 and IICFT073 were detected in 16 and 3% of the isolates, respectively. All PAIs were detected in the phylogroups D and B1. The presence of PAIs in isolates from waters may represent an increased risk for public health, as they were isolated from samples collected from surface and drinking waters. As E. coli is an important indicator of microbiological water quality, and also a potential pathogen, routine analysis for its detection could be complemented by screening for virulence factors and antimicrobial genes.

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The effect of iodine in patients using povidone-iodine mouth wash on thyroid function

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20194927 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1562 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gowri Shankar Murugesan ◽

Manju Priya Venkat

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Before And After ◽

Mouth Wash ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Background: Thyroid gland is a key part of endocrine system and it performs its functions via two most important thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid gland is mainly regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Povidone-iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, PVP-I) mouthwash is commonly used to treat infections of the oral cavity and oropharynx and iodine released from PVP-I can interfere with thyroid function. In this study the effect of brief treatment with povidone-iodine mouth wash on thyroid function was assessed. The aim of the present study was to assess whether iodine is absorbed through oral transmucosal route and interfere with TSH in serum.Methods: Fifty one patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis were recruited and out of which forty-seven patients were treated with 20 ml of PVP-I mouthwash twice daily for 3 weeks and blood was collected from the respective patients before and after treatment with PVP-I. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration was measured from the collected blood samples of the patients.Results: In the present study there was a small increase in serum TSH concentration during the therapy with PVP-I but the concentration determined was within the normal range.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study we conclude that the use of PVP-I for a brief period transiently increase TSH value and prolonged use should be avoided in people with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction and other autoimmune disorders.

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Iodine in pregnancy and breastfeeding

10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Sir Peter Gluckman ◽

Mark Hanson ◽

Chong Yap Seng ◽

Anne Bardsley

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Attention Deficit Disorder ◽

Fetal Brain ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Food Sources ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones. Development of the fetal brain and nervous system are dependent on thyroid hormones supplied by the mother via the placenta, increasing the maternal demand for iodine throughout pregnancy. Women with adequate iodine intake before conception (~150 #amp;#x03BC;g/day) can adapt to the increased demand for thyroid hormones during pregnancy, because the thyroid gland adjusts its hormonal output; but this depends on sufficient availability of dietary iodine and the integrity of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency causes congenital hypothyroidism, and in severe form, the irreversible brain damage associated with cretinism. Moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy is associated with lower learning capacity, reduced IQ, hearing impairment, and increased risk of attention deficit disorder. Pregnant women should take a daily multivitamin that contains 150 #amp;#x00B5;g of iodine, unless they regularly consume concentrated food sources of iodine.

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Chemical composition and heavy metals in bottled mineral drinking waters in Bandar Abbas

hormozgan medical journal ◽

10.29252/hmj.21.4.232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehdi Masoodi ◽

Mahsa Rahimzadeh ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

Bandar Abbas

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Reversal of Hypothyroidism in Well Chelated β-Thalassemia Major Patients

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.3884.3884 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 3884-3884

Author(s):

Kallistheni Farmaki ◽

Ioanna Tzoumari ◽

Christina Pappa

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Iron Overload ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Trh Stimulation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

Tsh Levels

Abstract Thyroid dysfunction is known to occur frequently in β-Thalassemia major patients (TMps), but its prevalence and severity varies in different cohorts according to chelation regimens. Thyroid hormones are critical determinants of brain and somatic development in infants and of metabolic activity in adults affecting the function of virtually every organ system. Thyroid gland mainly secrets T4, whereas 80% of T3 is produced by de-iodination of T4 (liver, kidney, heart and other tissues) and is influenced by a variety of factors. Furthermore, T4 & T3 secretion is tightly regulated within narrow limits by a mechanism that involves the pituitary-secreted TSH which in turn is stimulated by the hypothalamic TRH. Thus, iron overload-related hypothyroidism may be either central (because of deposition in the pituitary or the hypothalamus) and usually associated with other endocrinopathies, or primary (by deposition in the thyroid gland or even other organs). Existing data suggest that the thyroid gland appears to fail before the central components of the axis. In all cases, symptoms occur slowly over time and may vary from subclinical to overt hypothyroidism which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term intensive combined chelation therapy on thyroid function in TMps after they were all in negative iron balance. 51 TMps, 25 males 26 females, mean age 29.8±2.03, who were previously maintained on subcutaneous desferrioxamine monotherapy (DFO:40mg/kg, 3–6 days/week) switched to an intensive combined chelation with DFO (40–60mg/kg/d) and Deferiprone (DFP: 75–100mg/kg/d) adapted to individual needs. Thyroid function was assessed initially and after 6 years by TRH stimulation test and TSH, FT4 & FT3 screening. All patients on hormone replacement therapy stopped treatment at least 30 days before the test. This was approved by the Hospital Scientific Committee. Criteria for the diagnosis of subclinical or compensated hypothyroidism was an increase of the TSH levels during the test of more than 20 μIU/ml from the basal value or an elevated basal TSH concentration (>5 μIU/ml) and for overt hypothyroidism a further decrease in FT4 & FT3 levels. With DFO monotherapy 18 TMps were treated with thyroxin therapy. In these patients after combined chelation and an important decrease in iron overload (p<0.0001) as estimated by ferritin levels (2,737±473 vs 450±225mg/dl), MRI liver and heart iron quantification (T2*L & T2*H) and LIC calculated by Ferriscan (13±3 vs. 1.4±0.5mg/gdw), a significant increase was observed in mean FT4 (1.07±0.03 vs. 0.7±0.02ng/ml, p<0.0001) & mean FT3 (2.6±0.1 vs. 1.3± 0.1pg/ml, p<0.0001) and an additional significant decrease in the mean TSH quantitative secretion, calculated as the area under the curve (AUC=1,332±131 vs. 2,231±241, p<0.0001). These 10/18 (56%) TMps with subclinical or compensated hypothyroidism, who normalized TSH, FT4 & FT3 levels and had a normal TRH stimulation test discontinued thyroxin therapy, while another 4/18 (22%) reduced their thyroxin dose. The remaining 4/18 with overt hypothyroidism, while they all improved their TRH stimulation test, only 2 improved to compensated hypothyroidism with TSH levels 5–10mIU/ml and normal FT4 & FT3 levels. Critically, in the other 33/51 euthyroid TMps, no new cases of hypothyroidism were noted after combined chelation and a significant increase (p<0.0001) was observed in the mean FT4 & FT3 levels with a significant decrease (p<0.0001) in the mean TSH quantitative secretion (AUC). This study showed that intensive combined chelation associated with a significant decrease of iron overload may reverse some cases of primary hypothyroidism, either subclinical or compensated, and may prevent progression to overt hypothyroidism, thus influencing the decision to treat with thyroid hormone. It may also improve some cases of overt hypothyroidism suggesting that even iron-induced damage of the thyroid pituitary axis might be ameliorated.

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Chemical composition of Satureja spicigera essential oil and its insecticidal effectiveness on Halyomorpha halys nymphs and adults

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2021-0041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Temel Gokturk

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Positive Control ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Chemical Contamination ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive and economically important agricultural and ornamental insect pest nowadays established in many countries. There are numerous methods used for its control. Due to the increased risk of chemical contamination upon the application of synthetic insecticides to control harmful insects, essential oils are gaining increasing attention. In this research, the insecticidal effectiveness of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss (Laminaceae) essential oil at 10, 15 and 20 μL/mL doses, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys was investigated. In addition, the chemical analysis of S. spicigera essential oil was done by GC-MS. The major components of the S. spicigera oil were carvacrol (32.14%), thymol (20.01%), ɣ-terpinene (17.05%), p-cymene (9.08%) and carvacrol methyl ether (5.70%). At the 96th h of the study, the essential oil caused a mortality rate of between 20.1 and 87.5%. The positive control (Nimbecidine®) had the highest mortality rates for nymphs (100%) and adults (90.3%). According to the LD50 and LD90 values, while the most toxic LD50 values were recorded as 0.63 and 4.66 μL/mL for the N1 instar and adults, the lowest LD90 values were 19.12 and 26.32 μL/mL for the N5 instar and adults, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that S. spicigera oil had a highly toxic effect against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys.

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Hypothyroidism and heart failure.

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-5-397-400 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 397-400

Author(s):

A. Ya. Kravchenko ◽

A. V. Budnevskiy ◽

M. S. Kuzina

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Increased Risk

The article is a review of the literature, which presents the results of experimental and clinical studies, meta-analysis data on the effects of hypothyroidism on the clinical course of heart failure, the association between hypothyroidism and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. Thyroid gland dysfunction is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. From all types of thyroid gland dysfunction hypothyroidism is the most common. Increasing of thyroid-stimulating hormone level (which happens in patients with hypothyroidism) can influence the clinical course of chronic heart failure because of its extrathyroid effects - namely - influence on lipide metabolism, endothelial function of vessels and blood pressure. Apart from adverse effects of hormonal deficiency of thyroid gland on the start and progression of a chronic heart failure, the heart failure itself can make negative impact on a thyroid gland functioning, therefore pathophysiological "vicious circle" is formed. Manifest hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of general and cardiovascular mortality and frequency of hospitalizations of patients with a heart failure. Association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and heart failure is less studied. Figuring out the mechanisms of influence of thyroid gland hypofunction on systolic and diastolic function of myocardium may be important for effective treatment of heart failure and improvement of clinical outcomes.

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Incidence and relative risk for developing cancers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e024583 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yun-Shing Peng ◽

Jr-Rung Lin ◽

Bi-Hua Cheng ◽

Cheng Ho ◽

Yung-Hsiang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Database ◽

Medical Claim ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk of developing cancers, particularly site-specific cancers, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Taiwan.SettingThe National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.ParticipantsThis study was conducted using the nationwide data from 2000 to 2013. In total, 1 466 596 pregnant women with admission for delivery were identified. Subjects with GDM consisted of 47 373 women, while the non-exposed group consisted of 943 199 women without GDM. The participants were followed from the delivery date to the diagnosis of cancer, death, the last medical claim or the end of follow-up (31 December 2013), whichever came first.Primary outcome measuresPatients with a new diagnosis of cancer (International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, with clinical modification (ICD-9-CM codes 140–208)) recorded in NHIRD were identified. The risk of 11 major cancer types was assessed, including cancers of head and neck, digestive organs, lung and bronchus, bone and connective tissue, skin, breast, genital organs, urinary system, brain, thyroid gland and haematological system.ResultsThe rates of developing cancers were significantly higher in women with GDM compared with the non-GDM group (2.24% vs 1.96%; p<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age at delivery and comorbidities, women with GDM had increased risk of cancers, including cancers of nasopharynx (adjusted HR, 1.739; 95 % CI, 1.400 to 2.161; p<0.0001), kidney (AHR, 2.169; 95 % CI, 1.428 to 3.293; p=0.0003), lung and bronchus (AHR, 1.372; 95 % CI, 1.044 to 1.803; p=0.0231), breast (AHR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.393; p=0.007) and thyroid gland (AHR, 1.389; 95 % CI, 1.121 to 1.721; p=0.0026).ConclusionWomen with GDM have a higher risk of developing cancers. Cancer screening is warranted in women with GDM. Future research should be aimed at establishing whether this association is causal.

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Technogenic Magnetic Particles in Soils and Ecological–Geochemical Assessment of the Soil Cover of an Industrial City in the Ural, Russia

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences10110443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 443

Author(s):

Andrei Vasiliev ◽

Svetlana Gorokhova ◽

Mikhail Razinsky

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Iron Compounds ◽

Industrial City ◽

The City ◽

Geochemical Assessment ◽

Technogenic Magnetic Particles

The work is devoted to the study of pollution by technogenic magnetic particles and heavy metals of soils in the city of Gubakha, Middle Ural (Russia). The aim of the work is the ecological and geochemical assessment of the elemental chemical composition of the soils of the city of Gubakha, and the establishment of the geochemical role of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs). For the first time, the regularities of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility in the soils of the city of Gubakha were revealed, and the morphology, elemental and mineralogical compositions of magnetic particles in the soils of an industrial city in the Middle Urals were characterized using the methods of the chemical extraction of iron compounds, magnetic separation, ESEM/EDS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic phase of soils contains magnetite/maghemite, hematite, pyrrhotite, intermetallic alloys and chromite. Spherical magnetic particles are hollow, and have a magnetite shell and a varied surface texture. The crystal lattice of magnetite is characterized by low stoichiometry. The heavy metals Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr are concentrated in magnetic particles and have a high correlation coefficient with magnetic susceptibility. The level of contamination of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn in the soils of a residential zone of Gubakha, estimated by the value of the pollution load index (PLI), was high. The Igeo index for Fe ranges from 6.2 to 12.2, for Cu–1.1 and Ni–1.1. The combination of methods for measuring magnetic susceptibility, determining the mineralogical composition of iron compounds, and determining the elemental chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, has shown the effectiveness of an integrated approach for carrying out an ecological–geochemical assessment of the soil cover of Gubakha.

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