Effect of Adaptation to Passive Hyperthermia on Aerobic Performance and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Amateur Athletes

Background: The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers. Methods: A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers. Results: Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF/HF r: −0.806, p < 0.001; NN50 r: 0.937, p < 0.001). Swimmers’ anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, p: 0.025, and high fatigue r: −0.506, p: 0.032). Conclusion: Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers’ anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).

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The Effect of Eight-Week Sprint Interval Training on Aerobic Performance of Elite Badminton Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Haochong Liu ◽

Bo Leng ◽

Qian Li ◽

Ye Liu ◽

Dapeng Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Anaerobic Threshold ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Lactate Clearance ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Sprint Interval Training ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold ◽

And Control

This study was aimed to: (1) investigate the effects of physiological functions of sprint interval training (SIT) on the aerobic capacity of elite badminton players; and (2) explore the potential mechanisms of oxygen uptake, transport and recovery within the process. Thirty-two elite badminton players volunteered to participate and were randomly divided into experimental (Male-SIT and Female-SIT group) and control groups (Male-CON and Female-CON) within each gender. During a total of eight weeks, SIT group performed three times of SIT training per week, including two power bike trainings and one multi-ball training, while the CON group undertook two Fartlek runs and one regular multi-ball training. The distance of YO-YO IR2 test (which evaluates player’s ability to recover between high intensity intermittent exercises) for Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups increased from 1083.0 ± 205.8 m to 1217.5 ± 190.5 m, and from 725 ± 132.9 m to 840 ± 126.5 m (p < 0.05), respectively, which were significantly higher than both CON groups (p < 0.05). For the Male-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max significantly increased from 3088.4 ± 450.9 mL/min to 3665.3 ± 263.5 mL/min (p < 0.05),and from 74 ± 10% to 85 ± 3% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, and the increases were significantly higher than the Male-CON group (p < 0.05); for the Female-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max were significantly elevated from 1940.1 ± 112.8 mL/min to 2176.9 ± 78.6 mL/min, and from 75 ± 4% to 82 ± 4% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, which also were significantly higher than those of the Female-CON group (p < 0.05). Finally, the lactate clearance rate was raised from 13 ± 3% to 21 ± 4% (p < 0.05) and from 21 ± 5% to 27 ± 4% for both Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups when compared to the pre-test, and this increase was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). As a training method, SIT could substantially improve maximum aerobic capacity and aerobic recovery ability by improving the oxygen uptake and delivery, thus enhancing their rapid repeated sprinting ability.

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Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽

Luis Andreu Caravaca ◽

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Rest Time

We assessed the effects of resistance circuit-based training (CT) on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in three databases, ending on March, 2020. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the effects of pre–post-intervention CT and differences from control groups (CG). Of the 830 studies found, 45 were included in the meta-analysis (58 experimental groups (n = 897) and 34 CG (n = 474)). The CT interventions led to increases in muscle mass (1.9%; p < 0.001) and decreases in fat mass (4.3%; p < 0.001). With regard to cardiorespiratory fitness, CT had a favorable effect on VO2max (6.3%; p < 0.001), maximum aerobic speed or power (0.3%; p = 0.04), and aerobic performance (2.6%; p = 0.006) after training. Concerning strength outcome, the CT increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercise increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs.

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Perfectionism Patterns, Dark Personality, and Exercise Addiction Trend in High-Intensity Sports

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction ◽

10.1007/s11469-021-00595-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. González-Hernández ◽

R. Baños ◽

R. Morquecho-Sánchez ◽

H. A. Pineda-Espejel ◽

J. L. Chamorro

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Cognitive Resources ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Exercise Addiction ◽

The Subject ◽

Exercise Addiction Inventory ◽

Concern Over Mistakes ◽

Evaluative Judgement

AbstractThe present work tries to describe the relationships among perfectionism, dark traits of personality, and exercise addiction and according to highly intense sports. Following research on perfectionism in sport, its dysfunctional facet is based on a continuous and negative cognitive-evaluative judgement about the difficulties to achieve the accomplishment of tasks or behaviors that improve their sport performance, describing how athletes configure altered thoughts or cognitive resources in their sport experiences. The Spanish versions of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Short Dark Triad Scale, and the Exercise Addiction Inventory were applied in a sample of 462 Spanish amateur athletes (39.6% women and 60.4% men). The findings show that a more maladaptive perfectionist pattern (concern over mistakes and external criticism) is related to higher levels of dark personality traits and a greater risk of exercise addiction. However, there are no differences between runners and CrossFit users on the subject of perfectionism, dark traits, and exercise addiction scores.

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Modelling the relationships between arterial oxygen saturation, exercise intensity and the level of aerobic performance in acute hypoxia

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-021-04667-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xavier Woorons ◽

Jean Paul Richalet

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Acute Hypoxia ◽

Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Arterial Oxygen

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Is a Four-Week Ketogenic Diet an Effective Nutritional Strategy in CrossFit-Trained Female and Male Athletes?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 864 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski ◽

Paulina M. Nowaczyk ◽

Natalia Główka ◽

Anna Ziobrowska ◽

Tomasz Podgórski

Keyword(s):

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Entire Group ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Relevant Effect ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Performance

This single-arm interventional study examined the effect of a 4-week ketogenic diet (KD) on aerobic capacity and discipline-specific performance in female (n = 11) and male (n = 11) CrossFit-trained athletes. The participants performed incremental cycling (ICT) and Fight Gone Bad (FGB) tests after consuming a customary diet and a KD. Pre- and post-ICT exercise blood samples were also analysed. Consuming a KD had a slight impact on aerobic capacity and no relevant effect on CrossFit-specific performance. In females, consuming a KD led to an 10.4% decrease in peak oxygen uptake during the ICT (p = 0.027) and resulted in certain alterations in haematological parameters (haemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular HGB, and mean corpuscular HGB concentration). Furthermore, in males, alanine aminotransferase activity increased with a simultaneous improvement in the post-ICT blood acid–base balance after consuming a KD. The pre-exercise bilirubin concentration was also elevated in the entire group after consuming a KD. In conclusion, female CrossFit-trained athletes seem to be prone to aerobic performance decrements and increased risk of developing haematological disturbances when consuming a KD. In males who consumed a KD, there was an undesirable alanine aminotransferase elevation and a small tendency towards improved acid–base status. Moreover, consuming a KD had no effect on discipline-specific performance in CrossFit-trained athletes.

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