Psychological and Physiological Features Associated with Swimming Performance

Background: The aim of the present research was to study the psychological and physiological features associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance in trained swimmers. Methods: A correlation and stepwise regression analyses were conducted with the data obtained in a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, a heart rate variability test, and an anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance efforts of 20 swimmers. Results: Aerobic performance correlated, principally, with parameters related to parasympathetic modulation measured in the frequency and time domains of the heart rate variability (LF/HF r: −0.806, p < 0.001; NN50 r: 0.937, p < 0.001). Swimmers’ anaerobic performance correlated to psychological features (low stress r: 0.526, p: 0.025, and high fatigue r: −0.506, p: 0.032). Conclusion: Swimming performance presented different psychological and physiological features depending on the probe characteristic. Specifically, swimmers’ anaerobic performance was associated with psychological features (low stress and high fatigue perception) and aerobic performance with physiological features (high parasympathetic modulation). This information could help coaches to know the variables to control in their swimmers, depending on the probe in which they compete (anaerobic or aerobic).

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Comparison of body composition, heart rate variability, aerobic and anaerobic performance between competitive cyclists and triathletes

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.28.1325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1325-1329 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erşan Arslan ◽

Dicle Aras

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Body Composition ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Competitive Cyclists ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

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Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/a-0900-7501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. E48-E57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brett A. Dolezal ◽

David M. Boland ◽

Eric V. Neufeld ◽

Jennifer L. Martin ◽

Christopher B. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Behavioral Modification ◽

Lower Body ◽

Fitness Measures ◽

Lower Body Power

AbstractBehavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.

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Bayesian Estimation of Correlation between Measures of Blood Pressure Indices, Aerobic Capacity and Resting Heart Rate Variability Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation and 95% High Density Interval in Female School Teachers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6750

Author(s):

Shaher A. I. Shalfawi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Bayesian Estimation ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Mcmc Simulation

Background: Several explanations regarding the disparity observed in the literature with regard to heart rate variability (HRV) and its association with performance parameters have been proposed: the time of day when the recording was conducted, the condition (i.e., rest, active, post activity) and the mathematical and physiological relationships that could have influenced the results. A notable observation about early studies is that they all followed the frequentist approach to data analyses. Therefore, in an attempt to explain the disparity observed in the literature, the primary purpose of this study was to estimate the association between measures of HRV indices, aerobic performance parameters and blood pressure indices using the Bayesian estimation of correlation on simulated data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and the equal probability of the 95% high density interval (95% HDI). Methods: The within-subjects with a one-group pretest experimental design was chosen to investigate the relationship between baseline measures of HRV (rest; independent variable), myocardial work (rate–pressure product (RPP)), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and aerobic performance parameters. The study participants were eight local female schoolteachers aged 54.1 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD), with a body mass of 70.6 ± 11.5 kg and a height of 164.5 ± 6.5 cm. Their HRV data were analyzed in R package, and the Bayesian estimation of correlation was calculated employing the Bayesian hierarchical model that uses MCMC simulation integrated in the JAGS package. Results: The Bayesian estimation of correlation using MCMC simulation reproduced and supported the findings reported regarding norms and the within-HRV-indices associations. The results of the Bayesian estimation showed a possible association (regardless of the strength) between pNN50% and MAP (rho = 0.671; 95% HDI = 0.928–0.004), MeanRR (ms) and RPP (rho = −0.68; 95% HDI = −0.064–−0.935), SDNN (ms) and RPP (rho = 0.672; 95% HDI = 0.918–0.001), LF (ms2) and RPP (rho = 0.733; 95% HDI = 0.935–0.118) and SD2 and RPP (rho = 0.692; 95% HDI = 0.939–0.055). Conclusions: The Bayesian estimation of correlation with 95% HDI on MCMC simulated data is a new technique for data analysis in sport science and seems to provide a more robust approach to allocating credibility through a meaningful mathematical model. However, the 95% HDI found in this study, accompanied by the theoretical explanations regarding the dynamics between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system in relation to different recording conditions (supine, reactivation, rest), recording systems, time of day (morning, evening, sleep etc.) and age of participants, suggests that the association between measures of HRV indices and aerobic performance parameters has yet to be explicated.

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Improvement of Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate Variability by Eurythmy Therapy Training

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/564340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Georg Seifert ◽

Jenny-Lena Kanitz ◽

Kim Pretzer ◽

Günter Henze ◽

Katharina Witt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Nonlinear Parameters ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Before And After ◽

Time Domains

Background. Impairment of circadian rhythm is associated with various clinical problems. It not only has a negative impact on quality of life but can also be associated with a significantly poorer prognosis. Eurythmy therapy (EYT) is an anthroposophic movement therapy aimed at reducing fatigue symptoms and stress levels.Objective. This analysis of healthy subjects was conducted to examine whether the improvement in fatigue symptoms was accompanied by improvements in the circadian rhythm of heart rate variability (HRV).Design. Twenty-three women performed 10 hours of EYT over six weeks. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded before and after the EYT trial. HRV was quantified by parameters of the frequency and time domains and the nonlinear parameters of symbolic dynamics.Results. The day-night contrast with predominance of vagal activity at night becomes more pronounced after the EYT training, and with decreased Ultralow and very low frequencies, the HRV shows evidence of calmer sleep. During the night, the complexity of the HRV is significantly increased indicated by nonlinear parameters.Conclusion. The analysis of the circadian patterns of cardiophysiological parameters before and after EYT shows significant improvements in HRV in terms of greater day-night contrast caused by an increase of vagal activity and calmer and more complex HRV patterns during sleep.

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The effects of cigarette smoking on aerobic and anaerobic capacity and heart rate variability among female university students

International Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.2147/ijwh.s49220 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 667 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chia-Lun Lee ◽

Wen Dien Chang

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

University Students ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

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Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness are Positively Associated With Heart Rate Variability in Obese Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0405 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1614-1621 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kaisu Marjut Kaikkonen ◽

Raija irmeli Korpelainen ◽

Mikko P. Tulppo ◽

Hannu Sakari Kaikkonen ◽

Marja Liisa Vanhala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Health Risks ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Frequency Power

Background:Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and obesity are intrinsically related to each other. In normal-weight subjects physical activity (PA) and fitness are related to cardiovascular autonomic regulation, providing evidence that aerobic training may improve ANS functioning measured by heart rate variability (HRV). The goal of this study was to investigate the association between lifetime PA, aerobic fitness and HRV in obese adults.Methods:Participants included 107 (87 females) volunteers (mean age 44.5 years, median BMI 35.7) who completed health and lifestyle questionnaires and measurements of maximal aerobic performance, anthropometry and 24 h HRV.Results:In the multivariate linear regression analyses, lifetime physical activity explained 40% of the variance in normal R-R intervals (SDNN). Each 1-category increase in the activity index increased SDNN by 15.4 (P = .009) and 24% of the variance in natural logarithmic value of ultra-low frequency power (P = .050). High measured VO2max explained 45% of the variance in natural logarithmic value of high-frequency power (P = .009) and 25% of the variance in low frequency/high frequency ratio (P < .001).Conclusions:Lifetime physical activity and aerobic fitness may reduce obesity-related health risks by improving the cardiac autonomic function measured by HRV in obese workingage subjects. This research supports the role of lifetime physical activity in weight management strategies and interventions to reduce obesity-related health risks.

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Effectiveness of Training Prescription Guided by Heart Rate Variability Versus Predefined Training for Physiological and Aerobic Performance Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8532

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Medellín Ruiz ◽

Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias ◽

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez ◽

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Physically Active ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Effectiveness Of Training ◽

And Performance

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine if heart rate variability-guided training (HRV-g), compared to predefined training (PT), maximizes the further improvement of endurance physiological and performance markers in healthy individuals. This analysis included randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of HRV-g vs. PT on endurance physiological and performance markers in untrained, physically active, and well-trained subjects. Eight articles qualified for inclusion. HRV-g training significantly improved maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (MD = 2.84, CI: 1.41, 4.27; p < 0.0001), maximum aerobic power or speed (WMax) (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI 0.33, 0.98; p < 0.0001), aerobic performance (SMD = 0.71, CI 0.16, 1.25; p = 0.01) and power or speed at ventilatory thresholds (VT) VT1 (SMD = 0.62, CI 0.04, 1.20; p = 0.04) and VT2 (SMD = 0.81, CI 0.41, 1.22; p < 0.0001). However, HRV-g did not show significant differences in VO2max (MD = 0.96, CI −1.11, 3.03; p = 0.36), WMax (SMD = 0.06, CI −0.26, 0.38; p = 0.72), or aerobic performance (SMD = 0.14, CI −0.22, 0.51; p = 0.45) in power or speed at VT1 (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI −0.16, 0.70; p = 0.22) or VT2 (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI −0.20, 0.57; p = 0.35), when compared to PT. Although HRV-based training periodization improved both physiological variables and aerobic performance, this method did not provide significant benefit over PT.

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Taurine in sports and exercise

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Kurtz ◽

Trisha A. VanDusseldorp ◽

J. Andrew Doyle ◽

Jeffrey S. Otis

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Ergogenic Aid ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Taurine Supplementation ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract Background Taurine has become a popular supplement among athletes attempting to improve performance. While the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid remains controversial, this paper summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of taurine in aerobic and anaerobic performance, metabolic stress, muscle soreness, and recovery. Methods Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through September 2020. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated taurine as a single ingredient at dosages of < 1 g - 6 g, ranging from 10 to 15 min-to-2 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days- 8 weeks) of consumption were included. Articles were excluded if taurine was not the primary or only ingredient in a supplement or food source, not published in peer-reviewed journals, if participants were older than 50 years, articles published before 1999, animal studies, or included participants with health issues. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results Key results include improvements in the following: VO2max, time to exhaustion (TTE; n = 5 articles), 3 or 4 km time-trial (n = 2 articles), anaerobic performance (n = 7 articles), muscle damage (n = 3 articles), peak power (n = 2 articles), recovery (n = 1 article). Taurine also caused a change in metabolites: decrease in lactate, creatine kinase, phosphorus, inflammatory markers, and improved glycolytic/fat oxidation markers (n = 5 articles). Taurine dosing appears to be effective at ~ 1–3 g/day acutely across a span of 6–15 days (1–3 h before an activity) which may improve aerobic performance (TTE), anaerobic performance (strength, power), recovery (DOMS), and a decrease in metabolic markers (creatine kinase, lactate, inorganic phosphate). Conclusions Limited and varied findings prohibit definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of taurine on aerobic and anaerobic performance and metabolic outcomes. There are mixed findings for the effect of taurine consumption on improving recovery from training bouts and/or mitigating muscle damage. The timing of taurine ingestion as well as the type of exercise protocol performed may contribute to the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid. More investigations are needed to better understand the potential effects of taurine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance, muscle damage, metabolic stress, and recovery.

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Heartbeat-Evoked Cortical Potential during Sleep and Interoceptive Sensitivity: A Matter of Hypnotizability

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11081089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Lucia Billeci ◽

Ugo Faraguna ◽

Enrica L. Santarcangelo ◽

Paola d’Ascanio ◽

Maurizio Varanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Cortical Potential ◽

Interoceptive Awareness ◽

Time Domains ◽

Interoceptive Sensitivity ◽

First Time

Individuals with different hypnotizability display different interoceptive sensitivity/awareness (IS) and accuracy (IA), likely sustained by morphofunctional differences in interoception-related brain regions and, thus, possibly also observable during sleep. We investigated the heartbeat-evoked cortical potential amplitude (HEP) during sleep, its association with IS, and the role of hypnotizability in such association. We performed a retrospective analysis of polysomnographic recordings of 39 healthy volunteers. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), measuring IS and IA, and underwent hypnotic assessment via the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, form A. The amplitude of the early and late HEP components was computed at EEG frontal and central sites. In both regions, the early HEP component was larger in N3 than in N2 and REM, with no difference between N2 and REM. Greater HEP amplitude at frontal than at central sites was found for the late HEP component. HEP amplitudes were not influenced by the autonomic state assessed by heart rate variability in the frequency and time domains. We report for the first time a positive correlation between the central late HEP component and MAIA dimensions, which became non-significant after removing the effects of hypnotizability. Our findings indicate that hypnotizability sustains the correlation between IS and HEP amplitude during sleep.

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