Water Potential of the Apoplast in Substomatal Cavity of the Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall. Leaf under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
P. Yu. Voronin ◽  
N. A. Myasoedov ◽  
L. A. Khalilova ◽  
Yu. V. Balnokin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Suaeda Altissima

scholarly journals Salinity Stress Affects Photosynthesis, Malondialdehyde Formation, and Proline Content in Portulaca oleracea L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Helena Hnilickova ◽  
Kamil Kraus ◽  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
Frantisek Hnilicka
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malondialdehyde Formation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mda Content

In this investigation, the effect of salt stress on Portulaca oleracea L. was monitored at salinity levels of 100 and 300 mM NaCl. At a concentration of 100 mM NaCl there was a decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) simultaneously with an increase in CO2 assimilation (A) at the beginning of salt exposure (day 3). However, the leaf water potential (ψw), the substomatal concentration of CO2 (Ci), the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and the proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained unchanged. Exposure to 300 mM NaCl caused a decrease in gs from day 3 and a decrease in water potential, CO2 assimilation, and Fv/Fm from day 9. There was a large increase in proline content and a significantly higher MDA concentration on days 6 and 9 of salt stress compared to the control group. After 22 days of exposure to 300 mM NaCl, there was a transition from the C4 cycle to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), manifested by a rapid increase in substomatal CO2 concentration and negative CO2 assimilation values. These results document the tolerance of P. oleracea to a lower level of salt stress and the possibility of its use in saline localities.

scholarly journals The effect of several stress conditions and growth regulators on photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the bean plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strack ◽  
R. Karwowska ◽  
E. Kraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Bean Plants

Studies were performed on young bean plants, grown in water culture. The effect of salt stress, X-flays and flooding on growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates was investigated. Salt stress (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), especially at - 4.5 atm. of water potential, depressed all the mentioned processes, but most dramatically - photosynthesis. Export of photosynthetes from the blades decreased. Salt stress not only reduced the rate of translocation, but also influenced the pattern of <sup>14</sup>C-distoibution, especially inhibited transport to apical part, with growth seriously retarded. Gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>, 100 ppm sprayed on leaves) counteracted the negative effects caused by salinization, but did not affected either photosynthesis, or translocation in plants from normal nutrient solution. The conclusion may be advanced, that salt stress disturbed the balance of plant hormones especially gibberellins, which probably participate in. regulation of assimilate translocation.

Changes in photosynthetic rate, water potential, and proline content in kenaf seedlings under salt stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wu Jin ◽  
Yan-Lin Sun ◽  
Dong-Ha Cho
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Salt Adaptation ◽  
Salt Treatment

Jin, C.-W., Sun, Y.-L. and Cho, D.-H. 2012. Changes in photosynthetic rate, water potential, and proline content in kenaf seedlings under salt stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 311–319. As irrigation water salinization has become a serious constraint for crop production, as well as soil salinity, the selection and use of salt-tolerant species is urgently required. In this study, we describe the salt responses of three kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivars and select the cultivar with high salt tolerance. Responses to salt stress were investigated in terms of growth, water potentials, photosynthesis, and proline contents. Photosynthesis, evaluated by net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration, did not show any significant effects among the cultivars. Leaf water potential decreased depending on salt concentration and salt treatment period. Proline accumulation was enhanced, particularly depending on salt concentration, but not salt treatment period. As salt concentration increased, seedling growth was inhibited to a certain extent, and the inhibition of growth depended mainly on salt concentration. At the early stage of treatment, Dowling was more tolerant to salt stress than Everglade-41 and Tainung-2. Although Dowling showed a lower decrease in fresh weight, Tainung-2 always maintained a relatively high vegetative yield, even under high salt stress. Tainung-2, having greater salt adaptation, was therefore considered an ideal cultivar for popularization and farm cultivation.

Response of Radiata Pine to Salt Stress. I. Water Relations, Osmotic Adjustment and Salt Uptake

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sands ◽  
ARP Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
Living Tissues

Transpiration, total needle water potential and osmotic water potential, and proline concentration in needle sap were determined in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings subjected to a step- wise decrease in osmotic potential of their liquid rooting medium by addition of CaCl2 or NaCl (absorbable), or PEG 4000 (non-absorbable). Resultant concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, and Cl were determined in needle, stem, and root tissue as well as in expressed needle sap. Seedling damage resulting from salt treatment was not due to water stress. CaCl2 caused greater damage than iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCI, and the damage was associated with Cl excess and an induced P deficiency. Seedlings rapidly salinized with NaCl rapidly and continuously absorbed ions into their needle sap until death, whereas those more slowly salinized appeared able to keep absorption to a lower level and escape visible injury. Proline accumulated in needle sap under both water and salt stress. Proline accumulation under salt stress could not be explained in terms of water stress alone. Radiata pine seedlings appeared better adapted to avoid rather than tolerate high ion concentrations in their living tissues.

THE EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON THE COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. TYLER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The effect of salt stress on the cold acclimation of winter wheat plants grown in nutrient solution was determined. The presence of salts reduced crown moisture content, leaf osmotic and water potential, and decreased the rate of plant cold acclimation. Plants acclimated for 30 days in solutions with conductivities of < 1.0 (control), 6.0, 12.0 and 18.0 mmhoscm had LT50 of −19, −16, −4 and −4 °C, respectively, as determined from controlled freeze tests. Salt concentration of the hydroponic media also influenced crown potassium, sulfur, magnesium, sodium and nitrogen contents.

scholarly journals Influence of priming on Eucalyptus spp seeds' tolerance to salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Cleiton José ◽  
Natália Cristina Nogueira Silva ◽  
José Marcio Rocha Faria ◽  
Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of priming on the germination of Eucalyptus urophylla and of hybrid E. urophylla × E. grandis seeds under salt stress. Two osmotic potentials (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) were tested, using PEG 6000 for 1 and 3 days. After priming, seeds were germinated under salt stress in a NaCl solution at 0.0 (control), -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa potentials, at 25 °C. Seed germination and germination speed index decreased as the water potential of the germination medium decreased. However, E. urophylla was more tolerant to salt stress; it showed a higher germination percentage under all tested potentials, when compared to the hybrid. The osmotic conditioning at -1.0 MPa for three days was more effective when E. urophylla x E. grandis was germinated in a salt solution at -1.0 MPa, indicating that this treatment was more effective in inducing tolerance to salt stress.

Circadian rhythm of stem and fruit diameter dynamics of Japanesepersimmon (Diospyrus kaki Thunb.) is affected by deficiency of water in saline environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kounosuke Fujita ◽  
Junki Ito ◽  
Pravat K. Mohapatra ◽  
Hirofumi Saneoka ◽  
Kei Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Early diagnosis of water deficiency is essential to mitigate salt stress injury in plants. The effects of salt stress during the fruit growth stage on stem and fruit diameters of Japanese persimmon trees (Diospyrus kaki Thunb.) were measured by a micromorphometric technique under greenhouse conditions. This technique is less cumbersome and more precise in comparison to measurement of water potential in a small pressure chamber. The effect of stress was measured on photosynthetic rate, pre-dawn water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration and Na+ and K+ contents of the stem and leaves. Salt stress was imposed by irrigating the plants with NaCl solution. Stem and fruit diameters of the plants given the control treatment started to decrease around 0600 h and reached a minimum at 1400 h. Salt stress did not change the diurnal pattern of response in stem and fruit diameter dynamics, but decreased the amplitude of the circadian rhythm by influencing both declining and recovery phases. The effect of salt stress on stem diameter appeared after 1 d of treatment, and on the third day in the fruit. Salt stress also reduced water potential, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance, and increased concentrations of Na and K in the plant parts. Most of these effects were expressed after a lag period of 5 d of salt application. Utilization of micromorphometric techniques for early diagnosis of water deficiency in salt-prone environments is recommended based on results of this study.

scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on physiological response of tomato fruit grown in hydroponic culture system

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Hossain ◽  
H. Nonami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Fruit Surface

The effect of salt stress on physiological response of hydroponically grown tomato fruit was investigated. Fruit growth rate, water status, cuticle permeability and induction of blossom-end rot (BER) of tomato fruit were considered for this study. Salt stress was applied by using Ca salt treatment and it plays an important role on all parameters studied in this experiment. Fruit growth rate, predawn water potential, osmotic potential and cuticle permeability were significantly lower in treated plants than in control plants. On the other hand, tissue turgor of control and treated fruit showed almost similar values 12 days after flowering (DAF). This result indicated that turgor was osmotically regulated in fruit under stress condition. Fruit growth rate was found to decline from 12 DAF and eventually ceased when BER externally appeared on fruit surface at the age of 19 DAF in this experiment. The reduction of growth rate coincided with the reduction of water potential in fruit tissue due to salt stress. Although BER externally appeared at 19 DAF anatomical investigation showed that intercellular air space becomes discoloured at least one week before external symptoms appeared on fruit tip. Different levels of cuticular permeability indicated that the deposition of cuticular wax on fruit surface was enhanced by the salt stress condition in tomato fruit. Since, BER was found to appear on fruit tip under high calcium concentration in solution it can be concluded that calcium deficiency was not the only the cause of BER in tomato, rather salt stress might alter metabolic activity in developing tomato fruit.

Stress metabolism. IX. Effect of salt stress on trigonelline accumulation in tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada R. Rajasekaran ◽  
D. Aspinall ◽  
G. P. Jones ◽  
L. G. Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and their accumulation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Duke in response to different modes for causing NaCl stress were studied. Pre-germinated tomato seeds were grown in sand culture and 25-d-old seedlings were subjected to abrupt, progressive or prolonged salt stress using NaCl at various osmotic potentials. Plant water status was measured using psychrometry and quaternary ammonium compounds were visualized using thin-layer chromatography and then confirmed and quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Leaf water potential and osmotic potential declined depending on the osmotic potential of the rooting medium and the mode of stress imposition. A greater decline in osmotic potential compared with the total water potential led to turgor maintenance in plants under progressive or prolonged NaCl stress. The QAC, trigonelline and choline were identified in tomato. Trigonelline, but not choline, accumulated rapidly in response to abrupt, progressive or prolonged NaCl stress. The threshold external water potential (ψext.) for trigonelline accumulation was –0.565 MPa. Trigonelline accumulation correlated with changes in ψL (r = –0.92***), ψS (r = –0.94***) and ψP (r = 0.85***). Trigonelline contributed only –0.035 MPa to the osmotic adjustment, suggesting that its role may also lie in areas other than osmoregulation. Key words: Bataines choline, growth, Lycopersicon esculentum, salt stress, trigonelline, water relations

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