Features of the Genomic Distribution of Runs of Homozygosity in the Indigenous Population of Northern Eurasia at the Individual and Population Levels Based on High Density SNP Analysis

With the growth of crowd phenomena in the real world, crowd scene understanding is becoming an important task in anomaly detection and public security. Visual ambiguities and occlusions, high density, low mobility, and scene semantics, however, make this problem a great challenge. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep architecture, convolutional nonlinear differential recurrent neural networks (CNDRNNs), for crowd scene understanding. CNDRNNs consist of GoogleNet Inception V3 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and nonlinear differential recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Different from traditional non-end-to-end solutions which separate the steps of feature extraction and parameter learning, CNDRNN utilizes a unified deep model to optimize the parameters of CNN and RNN hand in hand. It thus has the potential of generating a more harmonious model. The proposed architecture takes sequential raw image data as input, and does not rely on tracklet or trajectory detection. It thus has clear advantages over the traditional flow-based and trajectory-based methods, especially in challenging crowd scenarios of high density and low mobility. Taking advantage of CNN and RNN, CNDRNN can effectively analyze the crowd semantics. Specifically, CNN is good at modeling the semantic crowd scene information. On the other hand, nonlinear differential RNN models the motion information. The individual and increasing orders of derivative of states (DoS) in differential RNN can progressively build up the ability of the long short-term memory (LSTM) gates to detect different levels of salient dynamical patterns in deeper stacked layers modeling higher orders of DoS. Lastly, existing LSTM-based crowd scene solutions explore deep temporal information and are claimed to be “deep in time.” Our proposed method CNDRNN, however, models the spatial and temporal information in a unified architecture and achieves “deep in space and time.” Extensive performance studies on the Violent-Flows, CUHK Crowd, and NUS-HGA datasets show that the proposed technique significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

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Biological variability of cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins A-I and B

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/40.4.574 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 574-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

S M Marcovina ◽

V P Gaur ◽

J J Albers

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Biological Variability ◽

Apo B ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

The Individual

Abstract Biological variability is a major contributor to the inaccuracy of cardiovascular risk assessments based on measurement of lipids, lipoproteins, or apolipoproteins. We obtained estimates of biological variation (CVb) for 20 healthy adults and calculated the percentiles of CVb as an expression of the variability of CVb among individuals for cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] by four biweekly measurements of these analytes. The CVb for the group was approximately 6-7% for cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, and apo B; approximately 9% for LDL cholesterol; and 28% for triglyceride. However, for each analyte, there was a considerable variation of CVb among individuals. For all analytes except Lp(a), there was no relation between the individual's CVb and the analyte concentration. Lp(a) was inversely related to CVb, and there was a very wide variation in the CVb for Lp(a) among the participants, ranging from 1% to 51%. The number of independent analyses to perform to accurately assess an individual's risk for coronary artery disease should be determined on the basis of the individual CVb for a given analyte rather than the average CVb.

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Genome-Wide SNP Analysis Reveals the Population Structure and the Conservation Status of 23 Italian Chicken Breeds

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1441

Author(s):

Filippo Cendron ◽

Francesco Perini ◽

Salvatore Mastrangelo ◽

Marco Tolone ◽

Andrea Criscione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Snp Array ◽

Local Economy ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Runs Of Homozygosity ◽

Chicken Breeds

The genomic variability of local Italian chicken breeds, which were monitored under a conservation plan, was studied using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. A total of 582 samples from 23 local breeds and four commercial stocks were genotyped using the Affymetrix 600 K Chicken SNP Array. In general, the levels of genetic diversity, investigated through different approaches, were lowest in the local chicken breeds compared to those in the commercial stocks. The level of genomic inbreeding, based on runs of homozygosity (FROH), was markedly different among the breeds and ranged from 0.121 (Valdarnese) to 0.607 (Siciliana). In all breeds, short runs of homozygosity (ROH) (<4 Mb in length) were more frequent than long segments. The patterns of genetic differentiation, model-based clustering, and neighbor networks showed that most breeds formed non-overlapping clusters and were clearly separate populations, which indicated the presence of gene flow, especially among breeds that originated from the same geographical area. Four genomic regions were identified as hotspots of autozygosity (islands) among the breeds, where the candidate genes are involved in morphological traits, such as body weight and feed conversion ratio. We conclude that the investigated breeds have conserved authentic genetic patterns, and these results can improve conservation strategies; moreover, the conservation of local breeds may play an important role in the local economy as a source of high-quality products for consumers.

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Formation Architecture: Interactive Vertical Community

10.32920/16811359.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benyi Hu

Keyword(s):

Participatory Design ◽

Individual Performance ◽

High Density ◽

Design Solution ◽

Residential Architecture ◽

Performance Variability ◽

The Social ◽

Residential Living ◽

The Individual ◽

Community Space

<div>High-density residential architecture under the influence of industrialization and mass production has developed a culture of design toward uniformity and standardization. This thesis deploys the parametrics approach to mass customization for a personalization culture in architecture. A systematic participatory design approach is developed to accommodate individual performance variability of the users and the changing demands of the social environment as part of the design solution. This design strategy allows the architect to balance the two separate forces of control between the collective and the individual, which transform the high-density residential living conditions from externally defined homogeneity towards individually initiated flexibility. A mixed-used vertical neighbourhood is designed to promote social intimacy and stability, and making the creation of community space an outcome of neighbourhood negotiation. The intention is to transform the monotonous and anonymous highdensity residential tower into a dynamic system that always maintains overall coherence. This personalization culture can incentivize people’s emotional connection with the physical environment and making architecture more sustainable by establishing an enduring relationship with the user. </div>

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Interlaboratory proficiency survey of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/29.3.516 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 516-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G R Warnick ◽

J M Benderson ◽

J J Albers

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Target Values ◽

Current Survey ◽

Spray Freezing ◽

Overall Performance ◽

The Individual ◽

Cholesterol Measurement

Abstract Proficiency surveys of Seattle-area laboratories suggest only slight improvement in overall performance in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) measurement between 1978 and 1982, although the reported workload for HDL has increased by 15%. The mean interlaboratory SD was 64 mg/L (ranging from 34 for a pool averaging 299 mg/L to 136 for a pool averaging 886 mg of HDL cholesterol per liter) in 1982, compared with 79 mg/L (range 48-155) in 1978-79. Of the individual laboratory results in the current survey, 39% deviated by more than 50 mg/L from target values as compared with 37% in 1978-79. The discrepant values were primarily ascribable to method inaccuracy: only 30% of laboratories in 1982 reported results that averaged within 30 mg/L of target values (vs 50% in 1978). For within-run precision, 80% of laboratories in 1982 had SDs of less than 30 mg/L, vs 70% in 1978. The 1982 survey included a lyophilized serum prepared by spray freezing and bulk lyophilization (Hyland Omega), identical to the pools used in the College of American Pathologists Comprehensive Chemistry Survey, and five pools of frozen plasma. Interlaboratory variation and biases for the Omega pool were similar to those for the frozen pools.

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A High Density Polymorphism Analysis of Factors Correlated with Neurotoxicity to Bortezomib in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.4816.4816 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 4816-4816

Author(s):

Stephane Minvielle ◽

Céline Keime ◽

Florence Magrangeas ◽

Julie Vendrell ◽

Wilfried Gouraud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Quality Control ◽

Feature Selection ◽

High Density ◽

Support Vector ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Call Rate ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Two Samples

Abstract Abstract 4816 Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has become an essential compound in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Clinically relevant (i.e. grade 2 or greater) peripheral neurotoxicity is a significant side-effect of bortezomib. As the occurrence of neurotoxicity is unforeseeable and apparently dose independent, we think that it might be associated with individual genetic characteristics such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) or Copy Number Variants (CNV). In order to identify the genetic characteristics (SNP and CNV) correlated with the occurrence of neurotoxicity induced by bortezomib, we performed high density SNP analysis in 300 patients using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Arrays 6.0. All patients were included in the prospective randomized trial IFM 99-01 and had received bortezomib and dexamethasone as induction therapy for previously untreated MM. Neurotoxicity was graded as severe (ECOG score of 2 or greater) or non severe (ECOG score of 0 or 1). Quality controls included Contrast Quality Control (CQC), the call rate and the percentage of heterozygotes. CQC estimates the ability to separate the intensities corresponding to the different alleles into three clusters. In poor quality samples, CQC is excessively low and a large difference between CQC calculated on SNP that reside on Nsp and Sty fragments can indicate a single-enzyme target preparation failure. Only one sample was considered to have an excessively low CQC value (<0.4) and two samples were considered to have an excessive difference between CQC calculated on SNP that reside on Nsp and Sty fragments ( CQCSty − CQCNsp > 2), according to Affymetrix recommendations for quality control on SNP6.0 chips. Then the birdseed algorithm (Korn et al., 2008) was used to genotype the samples.. The median call rate was 99.57%. Eight samples were excluded to a call rate < 97%. Percentage of heterozygotes is also evaluated as an excessive percentage can be a consequence of contamination. We thus excluded 3 additional samples for which the percentage of heterozygotes was greater than m + 3 sd (m: mean of heterozygotes in the entire series, sd: standard deviation). Further analysis was performed on 281 samples that meet these quality criteria and for which we know the neurotoxicity grade of the treatment. 833,192 SNP were considered on these samples. For the CNV analysis, the Median of the Absolute Values of all Pairwise Differences (MAPD) metric was considered for quality control. According to Affymetrix recommendations, 22 samples with a MAPD>0.35 were excluded. Further analysis was performed on 270 samples that meet this quality criterion and for which we know the neurotoxicity grade of the treatment. 1,720,978 CNV markers were considered on these samples. To identify the SNP and CNV most associated with neurotoxicity in patients receiving bortezomib, we use of two efficient and highly scalable feature selection techniques. The aim is to identify the relevant SNP and CNV markers that are strictly necessary to construct an efficient classifier of the bortezomib neurotoxicity from data alone. One is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM-RFE), a common and well-studied method in the Machine Learning community. The other uses a probabilistic feature selection technique based on recent Bayesian networks advances to identify a Markov Blanket of the target variable T, that is, a subset of the variables that renders the the remaining ones independent of T. Statistical significance of the selected SNP and CNV markers are evaluated using bootstrapping. Additional data will be presented during the meeting. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Identity Processes in Ladakhi Emerging Adults: Testing the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale in an Indigenous Himalayan Population

Emerging Adulthood ◽

10.1177/2167696818754919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon Ozer ◽

Alan Meca ◽

Seth J. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Identity Development ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Theoretical Foundation ◽

Identity Work ◽

Sociocultural Context ◽

Identity Exploration ◽

Identity Processes ◽

Identity Model ◽

The Individual

Identity research has flourished in recent years based on the theoretical foundation proposed by Erikson. Identity development is generally conceptualized as a process occurring through an interplay between the individual and her or his social context. Consequently, one of the challenges facing identity research is to become more culturally sensitive—that is, to examine whether models and theories of identity work as expected in various cultural contexts. Luyckx et al.’s (2008) identity model proposes five identity exploration and commitment processes, and a survey instrument was developed to assess these processes. The current study tests this Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) in an indigenous population of emerging adults from Ladakh. Results confirm the central dimensions of identity exploration and commitment. However, the original DIDS structure was not identically replicated in this population, suggesting that identity models should be developed or adapted to the specific sociocultural context.

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High Density SNP Analysis of the MHC Region Reveals Multiple Loci for Type 1A Diabetes

Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.018 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. S133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theresa A. Aly ◽

Erin E. Baschal ◽

Mohamed M. Jahromi ◽

Adam Kretowski ◽

Sunanda R. Babu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Density ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Multiple Loci ◽

Type 1A Diabetes

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THE COLUMBIAN TIMBER BEETLE, CORTHYLUS COLUMBIANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IV. INTRASTAND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent991203-11 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. 1203-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert G. Crozier ◽

Ronald L. Giese

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Population ◽

Population Distribution ◽

High Density ◽

Time And Space ◽

Single Tree ◽

High Density Area ◽

Density Area ◽

Population Numbers

AbstractCorthylus columbianus Hopkins became permanently established in. the study area in southern Indiana during 1940–62. Three epicenters were present in 1945. Two of these shifted, expanded, and merged the following year. The two remaining epicenters merged during the first outbreak. As the population declined after the first outbreak and began retreating toward the center of the stand, two epicenters were again definable. One of these alternately expanded and contracted for several years demonstrating, qualitatively, that epicenters are definable and dynamic in time and space. That is, any particular locus undergoes some degree of areal shift each year and varies in size through time.Quantitatively, attack and egg cradle densities within the epicenters follow the same pattern. Densities were generally lowest in the newly invaded areas. Except during epiphytotics, highest density areas were usually aggregated near the center of the stand, but shifted from year to year. For example, only one tree contained a high density in 1954; by 1956 the high density area had shifted spatially and encompassed 10% of the study trees.An “indigenous population” of C. columbianus is an areal concept. The insect withdrew to certain areas, not certain trees, during times of low population numbers. The “brood” tree concept–a single tree containing all or a majority of the population during times of low population numbers–is rejected in the case of the Columbian timber beetle for the study area in southern Indiana.

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