Rotational-oscillatory motions of the Earth and time variations in the geopotential coefficients

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Markov ◽  
V. V. Perepelkin ◽  
L. V. Rykhlova ◽  
A. S. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
The Earth ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Geopotential Coefficients

Time variations of directional cosmic ray intensity at low latitudes - III. Interpretation of solar daily variation and changes of east-west asymmetry

1961 ◽  
Vol 263 (1312) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
East West

The daily variation of cosmic ray intensity at low latitudes can under certain conditions be associated with an anisotropy of primary radiation. During 1957-8, this anisotropy had an energy spectrum of variation of the form aϵ -0.8±0.3 and corresponded to a source situated at an angle of 112 ± 10° to the left of the earth-sun line. The daily variation which can be associated with a local source situated along the earth-sun line has an energy spectrum of variation of the form aϵ 0 . Increases in east-west asymmetry and the associated daily variation for east and west directions can be explained by the acceleration of cosmic ray particles crossing beams of solar plasma in the neighbourhood of the earth. For beams of width 5 x 10 12 cm with a frozen magnetic field of the order of 10 -4 G, a radial velocity of about 1.5 x 108 cm/s is required. The process is possible only if the ejection of beams takes place in rarefied regions of inter­ planetary space which extend radially over active solar regions. An explanation of Forbush, type decreases observed at great distances from the earth requires similar limitation on the plasma density and conductivity of regions of interplanetary space. The decrease of east-west asymmetry associated with world-wide decreases of intensity and with SC magnetic storms is consistent with a screening of the low-energy cosmic ray particles due to magnetic fields in plasma clouds.

scholarly journals Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Marti ◽  
Alejandro Blazquez ◽  
Benoit Meyssignac ◽  
Michaël Ablain ◽  
Anne Barnoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Content ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the Earth’s warming climate. Measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5–1 W m−2) compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system (~ 340 W m−2). Since the ocean absorbs more than 90 % of the excess energy stored by the Earth system, estimating the ocean heat content (OHC) provides an accurate proxy of the EEI. This study provides a space geodetic estimation of the OHC changes at global and regional scales based on the combination of space altimetry and space gravimetry measurements. From this estimate, the global variations in the EEI are derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. The mean EEI value is estimated at +0.74 ± 0.22 W m−2 (90 % confidence level) between August 2002 and August 2016. Comparisons against independent estimates based on Argo data and on CERES measurements show good agreement within the error bars of the global mean and the time variations in EEI. Further improvements are needed to reduce uncertainties and to improve the time series especially at interannual and smaller time scales. The space geodetic OHC-EEI product is freely available at https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003.

Geodetic Coordinates in Four Dimensions

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mather
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Geodetic Coordinates ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
System Requirements

An attempt is made to summarize arguments for defining geodetic coordinates in the four-dimensional sense, in a manner that will permit their use without undue complexity over extended periods of time for geophysical and geodynamic purposes. Such arguments cannot be isolated from the consideration of techniques for position determination with the highest possible precision for other purposes that are potentially beneficial for the global community, in view of the capital expense involved. The types of observations that offer the most promise in the achievement of these goals are also a factor in the development. A simple system of reference that fulfills the basic requirements of geodetic determinations of this type is described in the context of inter-relations between the geometric and dynamic characteristics of the earth. System requirements for the implementation of such a scheme are outlined. There is disagreement on whether geodesy can contribute any data of significance in the short term, apart from that for studies of gross effects in local regions, toward understanding earthquake mechanisms. However, the overall cost-benefit-oriented geodetic requirements, calling for determinations of the highest precision, appear to warrant the maintenance of a worldwide geodetic network and associated measuring systems in a manner that would also permit the determination of those time variations in geodetic coordinates with global relevance. A historical perspective makes it mandatory that such a scheme be initiated in the next decade, in view of the favorable portents for a significant improvement in the measuring precision.

scholarly journals Winter thunderstorms in Kamchatka

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Sergey Smirnov ◽  
Yury Mikhailov ◽  
Galina Mikhailova ◽  
Olga Kapustina
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Red Radiation

Winter thunderstorms in Kamchatka are rare meteorological phenomena. To investigate the nature of this phenomenon, time variations of quasistatic electric field and meteorological quantities at «Paratunka» observatory, IKIR FEB RAS (φ = 52:97° N; λ = 158:25° E), and the data on solar, seismic and cyclonic activities available in INTERNET were used as a thunderstorm activity indicator. It was shown that powerful solar flares accompanied by radiation increases in visible and infra-red spectra as well as the Earth infra-red radiation entering the atmosphere before powerful earthquakes with magnitude M > 8 may be additional sources of heat in the near-ground atmosphere of Kamchatka. The impact of tropical cyclones on the processes of thunderstorm activity formation in Kamchatka during weak seismic activity has been determined insufficiently and requires further detailed investigation.

scholarly journals Relativistic effects in geodynamics

1986 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Laser ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Satisfactory Answer ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theories Of Gravitation

Geodesy has now reached such an accuracy in both measuring and modelling that time variations of the size, shape and gravity field of the Earth must be basically considered under the name of Geodynamics. The objective is therefore the description of point positions and gravity field functions in a terrestrial reference frame, together with their time variations.For this purpose, relativistic effects must be taken into account in models. Currently viable theories of gravitation such as Einstein's General Relativity can be expressed in the solar system into the parametrized post-newtonian (PPN) formalism. Basic problems such as the motion of a test particle give a satisfactory answer to the relativistic modelling in Geodynamics.The relativistic effects occur in the definition of a terrestrial reference frame and gravity field. They also appear widely into terrestrial (gravimetry, inertial techniques) and space (satellite laser, Lunar laser, VLBI, satellite radioelectric tracking …) measurements.

A Discussion on volcanism and the structure of the Earth - Geophysical studies relating to the Tertiary volcanic structure of the British Isles

1972 ◽  
Vol 271 (1213) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Volcanic Structure ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Deep Crustal Structure ◽  
Igneous Activity ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Time Variations

Gravity and magnetic survey results over the Scottish Tertiary districts are characterized by step, linear and circular anomalies relating to faulted basalts, dykes and intrusive centres. A few circular anomalies in areas offshore can be interpreted to define additional intrusive centres. Step anomalies observed in Northern Ireland indicate that normal faulting occurred after the period of igneous activity. Deep crustal structure is ill-determined; observations of anomalous magnetic time variations and enhanced heat flow appear to warrant continuation of these studies.

scholarly journals Earth Orientation Parameters 1899.7-1992.0 In The Hipparcos Reference Frame

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Author(s):  
J. Vondrák ◽  
C. Ron ◽  
I. Pešek ◽  
A. Čepek
Keyword(s):  
Polar Motion ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Earth Orientation Parameters ◽  
Earth Orientation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hipparcos Catalogue ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Celestial Reference System ◽  
Orientation Parameters ◽  
Made In

The optical astrometry observations of latitude/universal time variations made with 48 instruments at 31 observatories are used to determine the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) since the beginning of the century. The Hipparcos Catalogue is used to bring more than four million individual observations, made in the interval 1899.7-1992.0, into the International Celestial Reference System. The Earth orientation parameters (polar motion, celestial pole offsets and, since 1956.0, also universal time UT1) are determined at 5-day intervals, with average uncertainties ranging from 8 mas (in the eighties) to about 40 mas (in the forties). Making use of very long series of ground-based observations, the solution also leads to the improvement of proper motions of about ten per cent of the observed Hipparcos stars, with precision of ±0.2 — 0.5 mas/yr. In addition, 474 auxiliary parameters, describing the rheological properties of the Earth and seasonal deviations of the observations at contributing observatories, are found. The new solution provides the EOP series suitable for further analyses, e.g., for studying long-periodic polar motion, length-of-day changes or precession/nutation.

scholarly journals Moon Mapping Project Results on Solar Wind Ion Flux and Composition

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Francesco Nozzoli ◽  
Pietro Richelli
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Italian Space Agency ◽  
The One

The “Moon Mapping” project is a collaboration between the Italian and Chinese Governments allowing cooperation and exchange between students from both countries. The main aim of the project is to analyze remotely-sensed data collected by the Chinese space missions Chang’E-1/2 over the Moon surface. The Italian Space Agency is responsible for the Italian side and the Center of Space Exploration, while the China Ministry of Education is responsible for the Chinese side. In this article, we summarize the results of the “Moon Mappining” project topic #1: “map of the solar wind ion” using the data collected by Chang’E-1 satellite. Chang’E-1 is a lunar orbiter, its revolution period lasts 2 h, and its orbit is polar. The satellite is equipped with two Solar Wind Ion Detectors (SWIDs) that are two perpendicular electrostatic spectrometers mapping the sky with a field of view of 15° × 6.7° × 24 ch. The spectrometers can measure solar wind flux in the range 40 eV/q–17 keV/q with an energy resolution of 8% and time resolution of ∼3 s. The data collected by the two Solar Wind Ion Detectors are analyzed to characterize the solar wind flux and composition on the Moon surface and to study the time variations due to the solar activity. The data measured by Chang’E-1 compared with the one measured in the same period by the electrostatic spectrometers onboard the ACE satellite, or with another solar activity indicator as the sunspot number, enrich the multi-messenger/multi-particle view of the Sun, gathering valuable information about the space weather outside the Earth magnetosphere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document